Kulezi zinsuku, ukukhula kwezingane kuya ngokuya kuncintisana, kodwa kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi ukufaka ingcindezi enkulu ezinganeni kuzisiza ngempela yini ukuthi ziphumelele. Intatheli uTanis Carey uphikisana nokulindela okwenyukayo.
Lapho ngo-1971 ngiletha amamaki okuqala esikole kanye namazwi kathisha, umama kumelwe ukuba kwamjabulisa ukwazi ukuthi, ngokobudala bakhe, indodakazi yakhe “yayiyingcweti ekufundeni.” Kodwa nginesiqiniseko sokuthi akakuthathanga ngokuphelele njengokumfanelekela kwakhe. Pho, kungani, ngemva kweminyaka engu-35, lapho ngivula idayari yendodakazi yami uLily, ngahluleka ukuzibamba ngenxa yenjabulo yami? Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba mina, njengezigidi zabanye abazali, ngiqale ukuzizwa nginomthwalo wemfanelo ngokuphelele wokuphumelela kwengane yami?
Kubonakala sengathi namuhla imfundo yezingane iqala kusukela lapho besesibelethweni. Ngesikhathi belapho, kufanele balalele umculo wakudala. Kusukela ngesikhathi bezalwa, uhlelo lokufunda luyaqala: amakhadi emakhadi kuze kube yilapho amehlo abo esekhule ngokugcwele, izifundo zolimi lwezandla ngaphambi kokuba bakhulume, izifundo zokubhukuda ngaphambi kokuba bahambe.
USigmund Freud uthe abazali banethonya ngokuqondile ekuthuthukiseni izingane - okungenani ngokwengqondo.
Kwakukhona abazali ababekuthatha ngokungathi sína ukukhulisa izingane ngesikhathi sikaNkk Bennet kuPride and Prejudice, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi inselele yayiwukukhulisa ingane emikhuba yayo eyayibonisa isimo somzali emphakathini. Namuhla, izibopho zabazali ziningi kakhulu. Ngaphambili, ingane enekhono yayibhekwa «njengesipho sikaNkulunkulu». Kodwa kwabe sekufika uSigmund Freud, owathi abazali bathonya ngokuqondile ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane - okungenani ngokwemibandela engokwengqondo. Khona-ke isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseSwitzerland uJean Piaget saqhamuka nombono wokuthi izingane zidlula ezigabeni ezithile zokukhula futhi zingathathwa ngokuthi «ososayensi abancane».
Kodwa utshani lokugcina kubazali abaningi kwaba indalo ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II izikole ezikhethekile ukufundisa 25% izingane abanamakhono kakhulu. Phela, uma ukufunda esikoleni esinjalo kuqinisekisa ikusasa eliqhakazile izingane zabo, zingaliyeka kanjani leli thuba? "Ungayenza kanjani ingane ihlakaniphe?" - umbuzo onjalo waqala ukuzibuza inani elandayo labazali. Abaningi bathola impendulo yalo encwadini ethi "Indlela yokufundisa ingane ukufunda?", eyabhalwa ngu-American physiotherapist Glenn Doman ngo-1963.
U-Doman wafakazela ukuthi ukukhathazeka kwabazali kungashintshwa kalula kube yimali eqinile
Ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni lwakhe lokuvuselelwa kwezingane ezilimele ebuchosheni, u-Doman wasungula umbono wokuthi ubuchopho bomntwana bukhula ngokushesha kakhulu ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Futhi lokhu, ngokombono wakhe, kwakusho ukuthi udinga ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo nezingane zize zifinyelele eminyakeni emithathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wathi izingane zizalwa zilomele kakhulu ulwazi kangangokuthi ludlula zonke ezinye izidingo zemvelo. Naphezu kokuthi ososayensi abambalwa kuphela basekela umbono wakhe, amakhophi ayizigidi ezingu-5 encwadi ethi «Indlela yokufundisa ingane ukufunda», ehunyushwe ngezilimi ezingu-20, idayiswe emhlabeni wonke.
Imfashini yemfundo yasekuqaleni yezingane yaqala ukukhula ngenkuthalo ngawo-1970, kodwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zaphawula ukwanda kwenani lezingane ezisesimweni sokucindezeleka. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, ubuntwana bunqunywe yizici ezintathu: ukukhathazeka, umsebenzi oqhubekayo ngokwakho kanye nokuncintisana nezinye izingane.
Izincwadi zabazali azisagxili ekondleni nasekunakekeleni ingane. Isihloko sabo esiyinhloko kwakuyizindlela zokwandisa i-IQ yesizukulwane esisha. Enye yezinto ezithengiswa kakhulu ithi Uyikhulisa Kanjani Ingane Ehlakaniphile? - waze wathembisa ukuyikhulisa ngamaphuzu angama-30 uma kwenzeka kulandelwa ngokuqinile iseluleko sombhali. U-Doman wehlulekile ukudala isizukulwane esisha sabafundi, kodwa wafakazela ukuthi ukukhathazeka kwabazali kungashintshwa kube yimali eqinile.
Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezingakaqondi ukuthi ziwulawula kanjani umzimba ziphoqeleka ukuthi zidlale upiyano lomntwana
Lapho le mibono yaba yinto engakholakali, kwaba yilapho imibhikisho yososayensi yaba phezulu kakhulu ababephikisana ngokuthi abathengisi badidanisa i-neuroscience - isifundo sesimiso sezinzwa - ne-psychology.
Kwakukulesi simo lapho ngibeka ingane yami yokuqala ukubuka ikhathuni «Baby Einstein» (opopayi zokufundisa izingane kusukela izinyanga ezintathu. - Approx. ed.). Umqondo ophusile kwakufanele ungitshele ukuthi lokhu kwakungamsiza nje ukuba alale, kodwa njengabanye abazali, ngabambelela ngokuqinile emcabangweni wokuthi nganginomthwalo wemfanelo ngekusasa lengqondo yendodakazi yami.
Eminyakeni emihlanu selokhu kwethulwa i-Baby Einstein, umndeni owodwa kwemine waseMelika uthenge okungenani isifundo esisodwa sevidiyo sokufundisa izingane. Ngo-2006, eMelika kuphela, uhlobo lwe-Baby Einstein lwaluzuze amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-540 ngaphambi kokuba lutholwe ngabakwaDisney.
Nokho, izinkinga zokuqala zavela emkhathizwe. Okunye ukuhlola kuye kwabonisa ukuthi lawo mavidiyo okuthiwa afundisayo avame ukuphazamisa ukukhula okuvamile kwezingane esikhundleni sokusheshisa. Ngokukhuphuka kokugxekwa, i-Disney yaqala ukwamukela okuthengiswayo okubuyisiwe.
"Umphumela weMozart" (ithonya lomculo kaMozart ebuchosheni bomuntu. - Cishe. ed.) awulawuleki: izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezingakaqapheli ukuthi zingawulawula kanjani umzimba ziphoqeleka ukuba zidlale upiyano lwezingane emakhoneni ahlonyiswe ngokukhethekile. Ngisho nezinto ezifana nentambo yokweqa ziza nezibani ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ukuze zisize ingane yakho ikhumbule izinombolo.
Iningi lososayensi bezinzwa liyavuma ukuthi lokho esikulindele kumathoyizi okufundisa namavidiyo kuphezulu kakhulu, uma kungenasisekelo. Isayensi isiphushelwe emngceleni phakathi kwelabhorethri nesikole samabanga aphansi. Izinhlamvu zeqiniso kuyo yonke le ndaba ziye zaguqulwa zaba imithombo ethembekile yokuthola imali.
Akukhona nje ukuthi amathoyizi okufundisa awakwenzi umntwana ahlakaniphe, ancisha izingane ithuba lokufunda amakhono abaluleke kakhulu angawathola ngesikhathi sokudlala njalo. Yiqiniso, akekho othi izingane kufanele zishiywe zodwa ekamelweni elimnyama ngaphandle kokuthuthuka komqondo, kodwa ukucindezela okungadingekile kuzo akusho ukuthi zizohlakanipha.
Isazi sezinzwa nesazi samangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo uJohn Medina siyachaza: “Ukwengeza ukucindezeleka ekufundeni nasekudlaleni akuzuzisi: lapho ama-hormone okucindezeleka engeziwe abhubhisa ubuchopho bomntwana, mancane amathuba okuba iphumelele.
Esikhundleni sokudala izwe lezingwazi, senza izingane zicindezeleke futhi zethuke
Awukho omunye umkhakha oye wakwazi ukusebenzisa ukungabaza kwabazali kanye nomkhakha wemfundo yangasese. Esizukulwaneni esidlule, izikhathi zokufundisa ezengeziwe zazitholakala kuphela ezinganeni ezazisalela emuva noma ezazidinga ukufundela izivivinyo. Manje, ngokocwaningo lwenhlangano esiza abantulayo iSutton Trust, cishe ingxenye yesine yezingane zesikole, ngaphezu kwezifundo eziyimpoqo, ifunda nothisha.
Abazali abaningi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi uma ingane engazethembi ifundiswa uthisha ongakulungele, umphumela ungase ube yimbi nakakhulu inkinga engokwengqondo.
Esikhundleni sokudala izwe lezingwazi, senza izingane zicindezeleke futhi zethuke. Esikhundleni sokubasiza benze kahle esikoleni, ukucindezela ngokweqile kubangela ukuzethemba, ukuphelelwa isifiso sokufunda nezibalo, izinkinga zokulala, nobuhlobo obungebuhle nabazali.
Izingane zivame ukuba nomuzwa wokuthi zithandwa ngenxa yempumelelo yazo kuphela - bese ziqala ukuqhela kubazali bazo ngenxa yokwesaba ukubadumaza.
Abazali abaningi abaqapheli ukuthi izinkinga eziningi zokuziphatha ziwumphumela wokucindezela izingane zabo ezibhekana nazo. Izingane zinomuzwa wokuthi zithandwa ngenxa yempumelelo yazo kuphela, bese ziqala ukuqhela kubazali bazo ngenxa yokwesaba ukubadumaza. Akubona abazali kuphela abanecala. Kufanele bakhulise izingane zabo esimweni sokuncintisana, ingcindezi evela kuhulumeni kanye nezikole ezibheke phezulu. Ngakho, abazali bahlale besaba ukuthi imizamo yabo ayanele ukuba izingane zabo ziphumelele lapho sezikhulile.
Nokho, sesifikile isikhathi sokubuyisela izingane ebuntwaneni obungenafu. Kudingeka siyeke ukukhulisa izingane ngombono wokuthi kufanele zibe ezihamba phambili ekilasini nokuthi isikole sazo nezwe kufanele zikleliswe phezulu ezilinganisweni zemfundo. Okokugcina, isilinganiso esiyinhloko sempumelelo yabazali kufanele kube injabulo nokuphepha kwezingane, hhayi amamaki azo.