Okuqukethwe
Ukuxazulula ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu obuyinkimbinkimbi, ukubhekana nokulutheka, ukuzizwa uqiniseka ngokwengeziwe, ukusinda osizini, ukuguqula impilo yethu… Ngezicelo ezinjalo, ngamunye wethu angafuna iseluleko sikachwepheshe. Kodwa umbuzo uwukuthi: yimuphi umsebenzi ozosebenza ngempumelelo? Ake sizame ukuthola umehluko phakathi kwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo nodokotela wengqondo kanye nodokotela wezengqondo.
Abantu abaningi badida izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo nama-psychotherapists. Masibhekane nakho: ochwepheshe ngokwabo abahlanganyeli ngemisebenzi yabo futhi abakwazi njalo ukuchaza ngokucacile umehluko phakathi kokwelulekwa nodokotela wengqondo kanye nezikhathi zokwelapha. Isibonelo, izingcweti zokwelulekwa u-Rollo May no-Carl Rogers babheke lezi zinqubo njengezishintshashintshayo.
Eqinisweni, bonke laba ochwepheshe benza "izingxoxo zokuphulukisa", baxhumane ngqo neklayenti ukuze bamsize ashintshe isimo sakhe sengqondo nokuziphatha.
UCarl Rogers uthi: “Kwakujwayele ukubiza “ukwelulekwa” ngokuthi abantu abangabodwana nabangaphandle, futhi ukuxhumana okujulile nokunesikhathi eside okuhloselwe ukuhlelwa kabusha okujulile kobuntu kwakuqanjwa ngegama elithi “psychotherapy” … Kodwa kusobala ukuthi. ukwelulekwa okujulile nokuphumelela akufani nokwelashwa kwengqondo okujulile nokuphumelelayo»1.
Nokho, kunezizathu zokuhlukana kwazo. Ake sizame ukubona umehluko phakathi kochwepheshe.
Umehluko phakathi kwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kanye nesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kanye nodokotela wezengqondo
Esinye sezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana sawuchaza ngokuncokola lo mehluko: “Uma ubheka umuntu okucasulayo, awukwazi ukuveza imizwa yakho bese ucabanga“ umshaye ekhanda ngepani lokuthosa! ”- udinga isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo. Uma usuvele ulethe i-pan yokuthosa phezu kwekhanda lakhe, kufanele ubone i-psychotherapist. Uma usuvele ushaya ekhanda lakhe ngepani lokuthosa futhi ungakwazi ukuyeka, sekuyisikhathi sokuthi uyobonana nodokotela wengqondo.”
Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo-umxhumanisi
Lona uchwepheshe onemfundo ephakeme yengqondo, kodwa akazange aqeqeshelwe ukwelashwa kwengqondo futhi akanaso isitifiketi esijwayelekile esimvumela ukuba ahlanganyele emisebenzini ye-psychotherapeutic.
Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo senza ukubonisana, lapho esiza iklayenti ukuthi liqonde uhlobo oluthile lwesimo sokuphila, ngokuvamile esihlotshaniswa nobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu. Ukwelulekwa ngokwengqondo kunganqunyelwa emhlanganweni owodwa kanye nokuhlaziywa kwesihloko esisodwa esithile, isibonelo, "ingane inamanga", "mina nomyeni wami sifunga njalo", noma imihlangano eminingana ingaqhubeka, ngokuvamile kuze kufike ku-5-6.
Enkambweni yomsebenzi, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sisiza isivakashi sakhe ukuba siqonde imicabango, imizwa, izidingo, izimo, ukuze kube nokucaca kanye nekhono lezenzo ezinenjongo nezinenjongo. Indlela yakhe eyinhloko yokuthonya ingxoxo eyakhiwe ngendlela ethile.1.
I-Psychotherapist
Lona uchwepheshe onemfundo ephakeme yezokwelapha kanye (noma) neyengqondo. Uthole ukuqeqeshwa ku-psychotherapy (okungenani iminyaka engu-3-4) okuhlanganisa ukwelapha komuntu siqu nokusebenza ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe. I-psychotherapist isebenza ngendlela ethile ("I-Gestalt therapy", "i-cognitive-behavioral therapy", "i-existential psychotherapy"), isebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene.
I-Psychotherapy yakhelwe ngokuyinhloko ukuxazulula izinkinga ezijulile zomuntu siqu, okuyizingqinamba eziningi nezingxabano zokuphila kwakhe. Kuhilela ukusebenza ngokuhlukumezeka, kanye ne-pathology kanye nezimo zemingcele, kodwa ukusebenzisa izindlela zengqondo.
“Abathengi besazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esilulekayo ngokuvamile bagcizelela indima engeyinhle yabanye ekuveleni kwezinkinga zabo zokuphila,” kubhala uYulia Aleshina. Amaklayenti agxile emsebenzini ojulile kungenzeka akhathazeke ngokungakwazi kwawo ukulawula nokulawula izimo zawo zangaphakathi, izidingo, kanye nezifiso.
Labo abaphendukela kudokotela wezifo zengqondo bavame ukukhuluma ngezinkinga zabo ezinjengalezi: “Angikwazi ukuzibamba, ngiyashesha ukucasuka, ngihlale ngithethisa umyeni wami” noma “Nginomhawu omningi ngomkami, kodwa mina” angiqiniseki ngokukhashelwa kwakhe."
Engxoxweni ne-psychotherapist, akuzona nje izimo zangempela zobudlelwane beklayenti ezithintwayo, kodwa futhi nesikhathi sakhe esidlule - izenzakalo zobuntwana obukude, ubusha.
I-Psychotherapy, njengokwelulekwa, isho ukungewona izidakamizwa, okungukuthi, umthelela ongokwengqondo. Kepha inqubo yokwelapha ihlala isikhathi eside ngokungenakuqhathaniswa futhi igxile emashumini noma amakhulu emihlangano phakathi neminyaka ethile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo nesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo singadlulisela iklayenti elisolwa ngokuxilonga ingqondo kudokotela wezifo zengqondo, noma asebenze nalo sakamuva ngokuhambisana.
I-Psychiatrist
Lona uchwepheshe onemfundo ephakeme yezokwelapha. Uyini umehluko phakathi kukadokotela wengqondo nodokotela wezengqondo? Udokotela wengqondo ngudokotela onqumayo ukuthi isiguli sinokuphazamiseka kwengqondo yini. Uxilonga futhi welapha labo abasimo sabo somzwelo noma umbono wabo weqiniso ophazamisekile, ukuziphatha kwabo kulimaza umuntu noma abanye abantu. Ngokungafani nesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kanye ne-psychotherapist (ongenayo imfundo yezokwelapha), unelungelo lokunquma nokunikeza imithi.
Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo
Lona udokotela wengqondo ongumnikazi wendlela yokuhlaziya ingqondo, ilungu le-International Psychoanalytic Association (IPA). Imfundo ye-Psychoanalytic ithatha okungenani iminyaka engu-8-10 futhi ihlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa kwethiyori kanye nomtholampilo, iminyaka eminingi yokuhlaziya komuntu siqu (okungenani izikhathi ezi-3 ngesonto) nokugadwa okuvamile.
Ukuhlaziywa kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngokwesilinganiso iminyaka engu-4 7. Umgomo wayo oyinhloko ukusiza isiguli ukuba siqaphele izingxabano zakhe engazi lutho (lapho izimbangela zobunzima bakhe bokuziphatha kanye nemizwelo zifihliwe) futhi sizuze "I" ovuthiwe. Inguqulo elula yokuhlaziywa i-psychoanalytic therapy (kuze kufike eminyakeni engu-3-4). Ngamafuphi, ukwelulekwa.
I-psychoanalyst ebonisana nayo ihluke kusazi sokusebenza kwengqondo ngoba isebenzisa imibono namasu e-psychoanalytic, ihlaziya amaphupho nezinhlangano. Isici esibalulekile somsebenzi wakhe ukunakwa okukhethekile ebuhlotsheni neklayenti, ukuhlaziya okushiwo ngokudluliswa nokuphikisana kuthathwa njengenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokujula nokwandisa amathuba okuba nethonya.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezingqimba ezijulile ze-psyche kuholela ekuqondeni izimbangela zokuhlangenwe nakho nokuziphatha kwe-pathogenic futhi kunomthelela ekuxazululeni izinkinga zomuntu siqu.
Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo, izazi zengqondo kanye nama-psychoanalysts zisebenzisa izindlela namasu ahlukene futhi azikhulumi ngaso sonke isikhathi ulimi olufanayo. Kodwa nokho banomgomo owodwa, owasungulwa isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo u-Rollo May kanje: “Umsebenzi womeluleki ukuhola iklayenti ukuba liziphendulele ngezenzo zalo kanye nomphumela wokugcina wempilo yalo.”
Izincwadi ezi-3 ngesihloko:
1 Ukwelulekwa kukaCarl Rogers kanye Nokwelashwa Kwengqondo
2 U-Yulia Aleshina "Ukwelulekwa kwengqondo komuntu ngamunye nomndeni"