“Akugcini Ngokukhathala”: Ukuqaphela Nokunqoba Ukucindezeleka Kwangemva Kokubeletha

Indlela Yokwazi Uma Kwenzeke Kuwe: Izimpawu Zokucindezeleka Kwangemva Kokubeletha

Ngasola ukucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha cishe ngemva kwesonto ngibelethile. Kamuva, ngabona ukuthi nginezimpawu ezingaba ngu-80% ezilingana kahle nesithombe sakudala salesi sifo. Izimpawu ezivamile zokucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha isimo sokucindezeleka, umuzwa ocindezelayo wokuthi ungumzali ongalungile, ukuphazamiseka kokulala nesifiso sokudla, nokuncipha kokunaka. Abesifazane abaningi abanalokhu kuxilongwa bafika nemicabango ephikisanayo mayelana nokulimaza ingane yabo (ukuqhathanisa kubhekisela emicabangweni ecindezelayo ehluke kakhulu kulokho okufiswa umuntu ngokuqaphela. — Cishe. Umhleli wesayensi).

Uma ukucindezeleka kungakhuliswa yi-psychosis, owesifazane akanqotshwa kubo, kodwa omama abanesifo esibi kakhulu, esihambisana nemicabango yokuzibulala, bangase babulale ngisho nengane yabo. Futhi hhayi ngenxa yentukuthelo, kodwa ngenxa yesifiso sokwenza ukuphila kube lula kuye ngomzali omubi. UMargarita oneminyaka engu-20 uthi: “Ngangifana nemifino, ngangilala embhedeni usuku lonke. - Into embi kakhulu kwakuwukuqonda ukuthi akukho lutho olungabuyiselwa. Ingane ingunaphakade, futhi ngangicabanga ukuthi ukuphila kwami ​​akuseyona eyami. Ukukhulelwa kwammangaza uMargarita, isimo saba nzima ngenxa yobudlelwane obunzima nomyeni wakhe kanye nesimo esinzima sezimali.

“Ukukhulelwa kwakulula, ngaphandle kwe-toxicosis, izinsongo zokukhulelwa kwesisu, ukuvuvukala kanye nesisindo esiningi. <...> Kwathi lapho ingane inezinyanga ezimbili ubudala, ngaqala ukubhalela abangani bami ukuthi impilo yami isiphenduke isihogo. Ngangihlale ngikhala,” kusho uMarina oneminyaka engu-24. - Ngabe sengiqala ukuhlaselwa ngonya: Ngamhlukumeza umama. Ngangifuna ukusindiswa ekubeni ngumama futhi ngahlanganyela nami ubunzima nobunzima. Lapho ingane inezinyanga ezinhlanu ubudala, konke kwakunzima kimi: ukuhamba, ukuya endaweni ethile, ukuya echibini. UMarina wayehlale ephupha ngengane; ukucindezeleka okwamehlela wayengakulindele.

“Ukuphila kwami, engakwakha isitini ngesitini ngendlela engangikuthanda ngayo, kwawa kungazelelwe,” lawa ngamazwi kaSofia oneminyaka engu-31 ubudala. “Konke konakale, akukho okungiphethe kahle. Futhi angizange ngibone noma yimaphi amathemba. Bengifuna nje ukulala ngikhale."

USophia wayesekelwa izihlobo nabangane, umyeni wakhe wamsiza ngengane, kodwa wayengenakukwazi ukubhekana nokucindezeleka ngaphandle kosizo lwezokwelapha. Ngokuvamile, izinkinga zempilo yengqondo zangemva kokubeletha azitholakali ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zazo ezivame kakhulu (njengokukhathala nokuqwasha) zibonakala ziyingxenye yobumama noma zihlotshaniswa nenkolelo-mbono yobulili yokuba ngumama.

“Ubulindeleni? Yiqiniso, omama abalali ebusuku!", "Ucabanga ukuthi kwakuyiholidi?", "Yebo, izingane zinzima, nganquma ukuba ngumama - yiba nesineke!" Konke lokhu kungazwakala ezihlotsheni, odokotela, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ochwepheshe abakhokhelwayo njengababonisi bokuncelisa ibele.

Ngezansi ngibale izimpawu ezivamile zokucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha. Uhlu lusekelwe kudatha ye-ICD 10 yokudangala, kodwa ngilwengezelele ngencazelo yemizwa yami.

• Imizwa yokudabuka/ubuze/ukwethuka. Futhi akugcini nje emuzweni wokuthi ukuba ngumama kunzima. Ngokuvamile, le micabango ihambisana nenkolelo yokuthi awukwazi ukubhekana nesimo esisha sezindaba.
• Izinyembezi ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Ukukhathala nokuntuleka kwamandla okungagcwaliswa noma ngabe ukwazile ukulala isikhathi eside.
• Ukungakwazi ukujabulela lokho okwakuyinjabulo - ukubhucungwa, ukugeza okushisayo, ifilimu emnandi, ingxoxo enokuthula ngokukhanya kwekhandlela, noma umhlangano okade ulindelwe nomngane (uhlu alupheli).
• Ubunzima bokugxila, ukukhumbula, ukwenza izinqumo. Awukwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo, amagama awangeni emqondweni uma ufuna ukusho okuthile. Awukhumbuli ukuthi uhlele ukwenzani, kunenkungu engapheli ekhanda lakho.
• Icala. Ucabanga ukuthi kufanele ube ngcono ngokuba ngumama kunalokho oyikho. Ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ifanelwe okwengeziwe. Uyazibuza ukuthi uyabuqonda yini ubunzima besimo sakho futhi unomuzwa wokuthi awuyitholi injabulo yokuba naye.

• Ukungahlaliseki noma ukukhathazeka ngokweqile. Kuba yinto engemuva, lapho kungekho izidakamizwa ezilalisa umzimba noma izinqubo eziphumuzayo ezikhulula ngokuphelele. Umuntu othile ngalesi sikhathi uyesaba izinto ezithile: ukushona kwabathandekayo, imingcwabo, izingozi ezimbi; abanye bathola ukwethuka okungenangqondo.
• Ukudangala, ukucasuka, imizwa yentukuthelo noma ukucasuka. Ingane, umyeni, izihlobo, abangane, noma ubani angathukuthela. Ipani elingageziwe lingabangela ukucasuka.
• Ukungabaza ukubona umndeni nabangane. Ukungahlangani kungase kungakuthokozisi wena nezihlobo zakho, kodwa akukho okungenziwa ngakho.
• Ubunzima bokwakha ukuxhumana ngokomzwelo nengane. Kubonakala kuwe ukuthi ukude kakhulu nengane. Mhlawumbe ucabanga ukuthi udinga omunye umama. Kunzima kuwe ukulalela ingane, ukuxhumana naye akukulethi injabulo, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, kubhebhethekisa isimo futhi kwandise umuzwa wecala. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ucabange ukuthi awumthandi umntanakho.
• Ukungabaza ngekhono labo lokunakekela ingane. Ucabanga ukuthi wenza konke okungalungile, ukuthi ukhala ngokuthi awumthinti kahle futhi awukwazi ukuqonda izidingo zakhe.
• Ukozela njalo noma, ngokuphambene, ukungakwazi ukulala, ngisho nalapho ingane ilele. Okunye ukuphazamiseka kokulala kungase kwenzeke: isibonelo, uvuka ebusuku futhi awukwazi ukulala futhi, ngisho noma ukhathele kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, ukulala kwakho kubi kakhulu - futhi kubonakala sengathi lokhu akubangelwa kuphela ukuthi unengane ekhala ebusuku.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesifiso sokudla: ungase ulambe njalo, noma awukwazi ukuzigaxa ngisho nenani elincane lokudla.

• Ukuntula isithakazelo ngokuphelele ocansini.
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda nemisipha.
• Ukuzizwa uphelelwa ithemba. Kubonakala sengathi lesi simo ngeke sidlule. Ukwesaba okubi ukuthi lezi zindaba ezinzima zihlezi zikhona kuwe kuze kube phakade.
• Imicabango yokuzilimaza wena kanye/noma nomntwana. Isimo sakho siba esingabekezeleleki kangangokuthi ukwazi uqala ukufuna indlela yokuphuma, ngezinye izikhathi eqine kakhulu. Ngokuvamile isimo sengqondo ngemicabango enjalo sibucayi, kodwa ukubukeka kwayo kunzima kakhulu ukukubekezelela.
• Imicabango yokuthi kungcono ukufa kunokuqhubeka nokuba nayo yonke lemizwa.

Khumbula: uma unemicabango yokuzibulala, udinga usizo ngokushesha. Umzali ngamunye angase abe nesibonakaliso esisodwa noma ezimbili ohlwini olungenhla, kodwa ngokuvamile lezi zilandelwa izikhathi zenhlalakahle nethemba. Labo abahlushwa ukucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha ngokuvamile bathola iningi lezimpawu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zonke ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi azipheli amasonto.

Uma ubona ukubonakaliswa okune noma ngaphezulu ohlwini lwakho futhi uqaphela ukuthi usuhlale nabo isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, lesi yisikhathi sokufuna usizo kudokotela. Khumbula ukuthi ukuxilongwa kokucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha kungenziwa kuphela nguchwepheshe, futhi hhayi le ncwadi.

Uzilinganisela kanjani: Isikali Sesilinganiso Sokucindezeleka Kwangemva Kokubeletha E-Edinburgh

Ukuze bahlole ukucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zaseScotland u-JL Cox, u-JM Holden no-R. Sagowski basungula lokho okubizwa nge-Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale ngo-1987.

Lolu wuhlu lokuziphendulela olunezinto eziyishumi. Ukuze uzihlole, dwebela impendulo ehambisana kakhulu nendlela ozizwe ngayo ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa ezedlule (okubalulekile: HHAYI indlela ozizwa ngayo namuhla).

1. Ngikwazile ukuhleka futhi ngabona uhlangothi lwempilo oluhlekisayo:

• Ngokuvamile njengenjwayelo (0 amaphuzu)
• Kancane kancane kunokujwayelekile (iphoyinti elingu-1)
• Incane impela kunokujwayelekile (2 amaphuzu)
• Akunjalo neze (3 amaphuzu)

2. Ngabheka ikusasa ngenjabulo:

• Ngezinga elifanayo njengokujwayelekile (0 amaphuzu)
• Ngaphansi kunokujwayelekile (iphoyinti elingu-1)
• Incane impela kunokujwayelekile (2 amaphuzu)
• Cishe neze (3 amaphuzu)

3. Ngazibeka icala ngokungafanele lapho izinto zingahambi kahle:

• Yebo, ezikhathini eziningi (3 amaphuzu)
• Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi (2 amaphuzu)
• Akuvamile kakhulu (iphuzu elingu-1)
• Cishe neze (0 amaphuzu)

4. Ngangikhathazekile futhi ngikhathazekile ngaphandle kwesizathu:

• Cishe neze (0 amaphuzu)
• Okungavamile kakhulu (iphuzu elingu-1)
• Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi (2 amaphuzu)
• Yebo, kaningi (3 amaphuzu)

5. Ngezwa ukwesaba nokwethuka ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo:

• Yebo, kaningi (3 amaphuzu)
• Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi (2 amaphuzu)
• Cha, akuvamile (iphoyinti eli-1)
• Cishe neze (0 amaphuzu)

6. Angizange ngibhekane nezinto eziningi:

• Yebo, ezimweni eziningi angizange ngibhekane nakancane (amaphuzu ama-3)
• Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi angizange ngenze kahle njengoba ngivame ukwenza (amaphuzu angu-2)
• Cha, isikhathi esiningi ngenze kahle (iphuzu eli-1)
• Cha, ngenze kahle njengakuqala (0 amaphuzu)

7. Ngangingajabule kangangokuthi angikwazanga ukulala kahle:

• Yebo, ezikhathini eziningi (3 amaphuzu)
• Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi (2 amaphuzu)
• Akuvamile kakhulu (iphuzu elingu-1)
• Akunjalo neze (0 amaphuzu)

8. Ngazizwa ngidabukile futhi ngingajabule:

• Yebo, isikhathi esiningi (3 amaphuzu)
• Yebo, kaningi (2 amaphuzu)
• Akuvamile kakhulu (iphuzu elingu-1)
• Akunjalo neze (0 amaphuzu)

9. Ngangingajabule kangangokuthi ngakhala:

• Yebo, isikhathi esiningi (3 amaphuzu)
• Yebo, kaningi (2 amaphuzu)
• Kwesinye isikhathi kuphela (iphuzu elingu-1)
• Cha, ngeke (0 amaphuzu)

10. Kwafika umcabango wokuthi ngizilimaze:

• Yebo, kaningi (3 amaphuzu)
• Kwesinye isikhathi (2 amaphuzu)
• Cishe neze (1 iphuzu)
• Ungalokothi (0 amaphuzu)

Result

0-8 amaphuzu: amathuba aphansi okucindezeleka.

Amaphuzu angu-8-12: cishe, ubhekene ne-baby blues.

Amaphuzu angu-13-14: amathuba okuba nokucindezeleka kwangemva kokubeletha, izinyathelo zokuvimbela kufanele zithathwe.

Amaphuzu angu-15 noma ngaphezulu: amathuba aphezulu okucindezeleka okungokomtholampilo.