Ukugcwala okuphansi - izimbangela, izimpawu, ukwelashwa. Indlela yokulinganisa ukugcwala kwesikhala?

Okuqukethwe okuqinisekisiwe

Ukugcwala kwamanzi, noma ukugcwala komoya-mpilo egazini, kubonisa ukuthi ungakanani umoya-mpilo ohamba emzimbeni wethu kanye namangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Amazinga okugcwala avamile ngokuvamile aphakathi kuka-95% no-100% kubantu abadala abaningi abanempilo. Noma yiliphi izinga elingezansi kwalokhu libizwa ngokugcwaliswa kwesikhala okuphansi. Ukugcwala okuphansi kuyisimo esiphazamisayo futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngoba kusho ukuthi izitho zethu, izicubu, namaseli awawutholi umoya-mpilo awudingayo ukuze asebenze kahle.

Ukugcotshwa komoya-mpilo

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi igazi ligcwala kanjani umoya-mpilo, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nge-alveoli (Latin. i-alveoli yamaphaphu). Kunezigidi zalezi “zikhwama zomoya” ezincane emaphashini. Benza umsebenzi obalulekile: ukushintshanisa umoya-mpilo kanye nama-molecule e-carbon dioxide angene futhi aphume egazini.

Lapho amangqamuzana omoya-mpilo edlula ku-alveoli yamaphaphu, abopha i-hemoglobin, into esegazini.

Njengoba i- hemoglobin ijikeleza, umoya-mpilo unamathela kuwo futhi uthuthelwe ezicutshini zomzimba. Lokhu kuvumela i- hemoglobin ukuthi ibambe isikhutha esicutshini futhi isibuyisele embotsheni ukuze umjikelezo uqale kabusha.

Amazinga komoyampilo wegazi ancike ezintweni ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

1. sihogela i-oxygen engakanani?
2. amabhamuza ayiguqula kahle kanjani i-carbon dioxide ibe umoya-mpilo?
3. ingakanani i-hemoglobin egxile kumangqamuzana abomvu egazi?
4. Ngabe i-hemoglobin idonsa kanjani umoya-mpilo?

Isikhathi esiningi, i-hemoglobin iqukethe umoya-mpilo owanele ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zomzimba. Nokho, ezinye izifo zinciphisa ikhono layo lokubopha umoya-mpilo.

Ingqamuzana ngalinye legazi linamangqamuzana e-hemoglobin angaba yizigidi ezingu-270. Nokho, noma isiphi isimo esinciphisa ikhono lomzimba lokukhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi singaphumela emazingeni aphansi e-hemoglobin, sinciphise inani lomoya-mpilo ongagcwala igazi.

Bona futhi: Kusho ukuthini i-hemoglobin ephansi?

Ukugcwala okuphansi - ukuphambuka kokujwayelekile

Amazinga komoyampilo wegazi asisiza ukuthi sithole ukuthi amaphaphu ethu, inhliziyo nohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi lusebenza kahle kangakanani. Izinga elijwayelekile le-oxygen egazini lomuntu onempilo liyahlukahluka kusuka ku-95% kuya ku-100%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi cishe wonke amangqamuzana abomvu egazi athwala umoya-mpilo emangqamuzaneni nasezicutshini. Abantu abahlala ezindaweni eziphakeme noma abanezinhlobo ezithile zezifo ezingelapheki, njengesifuba somoya, i-emphysema, noma isifo esingamahlalakhona sokuvimbela amaphaphu (COPD), bafunde kancane.

I-oxygen ephansi, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-hypoxemia, ithathwa njengokufunda phakathi kuka-90% no-92%. Lokhu kufunda okuphansi kusho ukuthi singase sidinge umoya-mpilo owengeziwe noma ukuthi kungase kuphakame izinkinga ezithinta ukusebenza kwamaphaphu ethu. Umphumela ongaphansi kuka-90% ukhombisa ukuthi kufanele sifune usizo lwezempilo.

Ukugcwala okuphansi - izimbangela

Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, izinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi, nezinkinga zamaphaphu kungavimbela umzimba wakho ekumunceni noma ekuthutheni umoya-mpilo owanele. Lokhu-ke kungehlisa izinga lokugcwala komoyampilo egazini.

Izibonelo zezimo ezingase zibe nomthelela ekugcwalisweni kwesikhala zihlanganisa:

1. izifo zokuphefumula (isb. amakhaza, umkhuhlane, i-COVID-19) njengoba zingathinta ukuphefumula kanjalo nokusetshenziswa komoyampilo;
2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): iqoqo lezifo zamaphaphu ezingapheli ezenza ukuphefumula kube nzima;
3. isifuba somoya (asthma): isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona esibangela ukufiphala kwemigudu yokuphefumula;
4. i-pneumothorax: ukuwa kwephaphu ingxenye noma okuphelele;
5. i-anemia: ukuntuleka kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu enempilo;
6. isifo senhliziyo: isifo senhliziyo: iqoqo lezimo ezithinta indlela inhliziyo esebenza ngayo;
7. i-pulmonary embolism: lapho ihlule legazi libangela ukuvaleka komthambo wamaphaphu;
8. Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso: isifo senhliziyo esenzeka ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.

Bona futhi: Izifo eziyi-10 ezivame kakhulu ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi

Indlela yokulinganisa ukugcwala kwesikhala?

Ukugcwala komoyampilo kuvame ukukalwa ngezindlela ezimbili: i-gasometry ne-pulse oximetry.

Igesi yegazi ngokuvamile yenziwa kuphela esimweni sasesibhedlela, kuyilapho i-pulse oximetry yenziwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokunakekelwa kwempilo, okuhlanganisa nehhovisi likadokotela.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Saturation - i-gasometry

Igesi yegazi ukuhlola igazi. Ikala izinga le-oxygen egazini. Ingakwazi futhi ukubona izinga lamanye amagesi egazini kanye ne-pH (i-acid / base level). Ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi kunembe kakhulu, kodwa kuyahlasela.

Ukuze uthole isilinganiso kulokhu kuhlolwa, udokotela wakho uzothatha igazi emithanjeni yakho, hhayi emthanjeni. Ngokungafani nemithambo, imithambo ine-pulse ongayizwa. Igazi eliphuma emithanjeni libuye lifakwe umoya-mpilo, futhi igazi emithanjeni yethu alinawo. Ukuhlolwa kusebenzisa umthambo osesihlakaleni ngoba kulula ukuzwakala uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imithambo. Nokho, isihlakala siyindawo ebucayi okwenza ukusampula kwegazi kungabi lula uma kuqhathaniswa nomthambo oseduze nendololwane. Imithambo nayo ijulile kunemithambo, okwandisa ukungakhululeki. Isampula ihlaziywa ngokushesha ngomshini noma elabhorethri.

Imiphumela etholwe ekuhlolweni kwe-gasometry ingase inikeze udokotela wethu umbono wokuthi i-hemoglobin ishintshana kanjani ngokuphumelelayo nomoya-mpilo nesikhutha.

Ukuhlolwa kokugcwala - i-pulse oximetry

I-pulse oximeter iyisisetshenziswa esingahlanyisi esilinganisa inani le-oxygen egazini lakho. Lokhu ikwenza ngokuthumela ukukhanya kwe-infrared kuma-capillaries omunwe, unyawo, noma indlebe. Bese ikala ukuthi kungakanani ukukhanya okuvela kumagesi.

Ukufundwa kubonisa ukuthi yiliphi iphesenti legazi lethu eligcwele, elaziwa ngokuthi yizinga le-SpO2. Lokhu kuhlola kunewindi lephutha elingu-2%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukufundwa kungase kube phezulu noma kube phansi ngamaphesenti angu-2 kunezinga langempela lowamoya-mpilo egazini lakho. I-Pulse oximetry ingase inganembile kancane, kodwa odokotela bangayenza kalula.

Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukwazi ukuthi, isibonelo, i-nail polish emnyama noma izitho ezibandayo zingabangela umphumela wokuhlolwa ube ngaphansi kunokujwayelekile. Udokotela wakho angase asuse i-nail polish ngaphambi kokusebenzisa idivayisi noma uma ukufundwa kubonakala kuphansi ngokungavamile.

Njengoba i-pulse oximeter ingahlaseli, zizwe ukhululekile ukuzenzela lokhu kuhlola. Ama-Pulse monitors angathengwa ezitolo eziningi ezihlobene nezempilo noma ku-inthanethi. Kodwa-ke, kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa into yakho yasekhaya kusenesikhathi ukuze uqonde ukuthi ungayihumusha kanjani imiphumela.

Bona futhi: Ukubhema kuyisifo!

Ukugcwala okuphansi - izimpawu

Ukugcwala okuphansi kungabangela ukujikeleza okungavamile futhi kubangele izimpawu ezilandelayo:

1. i-dyspnea;
2. ikhanda;
3. ukukhathazeka;
4. isiyezi;
5. ukuphefumula ngokushesha;
6. ubuhlungu esifubeni;
7. ukudideka;
8. umfutho wegazi ophakeme;
9. ukuntuleka kokuxhumanisa;
10. umbono ongenalutho;
11. umuzwa wenjabulo;
12. ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo.

Uma sine-saturation ephansi isikhathi eside, singase sibonise izimpawu ze-cyanosis. Isici esiphawulekayo salesi simo ukuguga okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwezinzipho, isikhumba, nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. I-Cyanosis ibhekwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo. Uma siba nezimpawu zayo, kufanele sifune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. I-Cyanosis ingaholela ekuhlulekeni kokuphefumula okungaba yingozi empilweni.

Ukugcwala okuphansi - izinkinga

Ukugcwala okuphansi kungathinta amazinga komoyampilo ezicutshini zomzimba, okuhlanganisa izitho nemisipha. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-hypoxia.

Amaseli ethu angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokushoda komoya-mpilo lapho ukushoda kukuncane. Kodwa-ke, ngokuntula okukhulu, ukulimala kwamaseli kungenzeka, kulandelwa ukufa kwamaseli.

I-Hypoxia ivame ukubangelwa i-hypoxemia, kodwa ingase yenzeke lapho:

1. awekho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anele ukuthwala umoya-mpilo ezicubu. Izimbangela ezingenzeka zihlanganisa ukopha kakhulu ngenxa yokulimala noma i-sickle cell anemia.
2. ukugeleza kwegazi okunganele. Kulesi simo, isibonelo, isifo sohlangothi, okwenzeka lapho igazi elinikezwa endaweni ethile yobuchopho liphansi, noma isifo senhliziyo, lapho igazi lincane emsipha wenhliziyo. Zombili lezi zimo ziholela ekufeni kwamangqamuzana nezicubu.
3. izicubu zidinga igazi elinomoya-mpilo owengeziwe kunalawo anganikezwa. Ukutheleleka okunzima, okuholela ku-sepsis, kungabangela i-hypoxemia futhi ekugcineni ukwehluleka kwezitho.

Bona futhi: I-Brain hypoxia - izimpawu, imiphumela

Ukugcwala okuphansi - ukwelashwa

Sekukonke, ukugcwaliswa kwesikhala ngaphansi kwama-95% kuthathwa njengomphumela ongavamile, futhi noma yini engaphansi kuka-90% iyisimo esiphuthumayo.

Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukwelashwa komoyampilo kuyadingeka - ngezinye izikhathi kuyaphuthuma. Ubuchopho buyi-hypoxic kakhulu, futhi amangqamuzana obuchopho angaqala ukufa phakathi nemizuzu emihlanu entula umoya-mpilo. Uma i-hypoxia ihlala isikhathi eside, i-coma, isithuthwane, nokufa kobuchopho kungenzeka.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusungula imbangela yokugcwala okuphansi ukuze kulungiswe inkinga. Ezifweni ezingapheli ezifana ne-COPD nesifuba somoya, imbangela eyinhloko ngokuvamile ukushintshana komoya omncane emaphashini nase-alveoli. Ngaphezu kokwelashwa komoya-mpilo, ama-steroid noma ama-bronchodilator (ama-inhalers okusindisa) angase adingeke ukuze kuvulwe imigudu yokuphefumula.

Ezimweni zokujikeleza kwegazi njengesifo senhliziyo, ukugeleza kwegazi okunganele kunganciphisa ukutholakala komoyampilo. Izidakamizwa ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, njengezivimba ze-beta zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo noma izidakamizwa ze-cardiac arrhythmias, zingasiza ukuthuthukisa umoya-mpilo.

Nge-anemia, ukuhlinzekwa kwegazi ezicutshini kuyancipha ngoba awekho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo ane-hemoglobin ukuze athwale umoya-mpilo. Ngezinye izikhathi ukumpontshelwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kuyadingeka ukuze kwandiswe amazinga amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo.

Bona futhi: Pharmacological coma - kuyini? Isiguli sifakwa kanjani ku-coma ye-pharmacological? [SICHAZA]

Ukugcwala okuphansi kwe-oxygen - indlela yokwandisa izinga le-oxygen egazini?

Ungakwazi ngokwemvelo ukwandisa inani lomoya-mpilo egazini lakho. Ezinye izindlela zihlanganisa izenzo esingazenza thina.

Vula iwindi noma uphumele ngaphandle ukuze uphefumule umoya omusha. Okuthile okulula njengokuvula amafasitela noma ukuhamba ibangana nje kwandisa inani le-oxygen elinikezwa umzimba, okwandisa izinga lonke lomoya-mpilo egazini. Iphinde ibe nezinzuzo ezinjengokugaya okungcono namandla engeziwe.

Yeka ukubhema. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili nje bengasabhemi, abaningi bathola ukuthi kokubili ukujikeleza kwawo kanye namazinga omoya-mpilo athuthuka kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi esifushane, ukusebenza kwamaphaphu kungakhula kuze kufike ku-30%.

Ukugcina izitshalo ezimbalwa ekhaya. Izitshalo zasendlini ziboniswe ukusiza ukuhlanza umoya wasendlini. Bakhipha i-carbon dioxide futhi bagcwalise izinga le-oxygen ekamelweni, okuvumela umzimba ukuba ubambe umoya-mpilo owengeziwe.

Ukuzivocavoca umoya. Ochwepheshe bokuvuselela ukuphefumula batusa ukusebenzisa izivivinyo zokuphefumula ezilula, ezifana nokuphefumula komlomo ompintshayo kanye nokuphefumula okujulile kwesisu, ukuze uvule imigudu yakho yokuphefumula futhi wandise inani le-oxygen emzimbeni wakho.

Singasebenzisa i-pulse oximeter ukuhlola amazinga komoyampilo wegazi ekhaya futhi sisebenzise ezinye zalezi zindlela zemvelo ukuze sandise izinga le-oxygen egazini ngokwethu.

Bona futhi: Ukuhamba kuyindlela eya empilweni