I-Rhinitis - ukuthi iyini, izinhlobo, izimpawu, ukwelashwa

Okuqukethwe okuqinisekisiwe

I-Rhinitis, ikhala eligijimayo elivamile, isifo esibangelwa amagciwane. Izinguquko ezivuthayo ku-mucosa zivame ukuvalelwa ekhaleni, emakhaleni nase-oropharynx. Ngezinye izikhathi i-rhinitis iyaqhubeka nokusabalala ku-larynx, trachea kanye ne-bronchi, futhi ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya kungase kujoyine ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Kube sekuhlanganisa ukona kwe-paranasal, pharynx, indlebe ephakathi namaphaphu.

Iyini i-rhinitis?

I-Rhinitis, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-runny nose, isifo esibangelwa amagciwane esibonakala ngezinguquko ezivuthayo ku-mucosa yamakhala, i-nasal ne-oropharynx. I-Rhinitis ingaba nzima (ethathelwanayo) futhi ingapheli: bese sikhuluma nge-rhinitis eguliswayo noma engeyona i-allergic. Igciwane elibangela i-rhinitis eyingozi ngokuvamile lisakazwa ngamaconsi ahamba emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela i-rhinitis eyingozi ikakhulukazi mayelana nokugwema ukuthintana nabagulayo. Inqubo enjalo iyafaneleka ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokubhebhetheka kwesifo, okuvame ukwenzeka ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. I-Rhinitis ivame ukuhambisana nezimpawu ezinjengokuthimula nokuluma emphinjeni nasemakhaleni.

Izinhlobo ze-rhinitis

I-Rhinitis ingaba:

1.ukungezwani komzimba – ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka futhi kubangwa izinto ezingezwani nomoya, isb. impova yezitshalo eziqhakazayo nezibungu. Ikhala eligijima liyanyamalala ngemva kokunqamula ukuxhumana ne-allergen;

2.Nonallergic - ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nokuvuvukala kwe-mucosa yamakhala futhi kubonakala ngokuluma, ukuthimula kanye nokugxila emakhaleni;

3. i-hypertrophic atrophic - kwenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko ku-mucosa, okuba mncane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umphumela uba ukuphazamiseka ekukhiqizweni kwezimfihlo. Ukoma kwe-mucosa kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwama-crusts ekhaleni;

4. i-hypertrophic engapheli – ebonakala ngokuvaleka kwekhala nhlangothi zombili. Ikhala eligijimayo lihambisana nama-polyps ekhaleni avuvukalayo. Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kuyadingeka;

5. i-atrophic halitosis engapheli - ngaphezu kwekhala eligijimayo, kukhona iphunga elibi eliphuma emlonyeni;

6. izifo ze-vasomotor ezingapheli - kwenzeka ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okungazelelwe noma ukushisa kwezinyawo noma emuva.

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-rhinitis

Izimpawu zekhala eligijimayo zihlanganisa ukuthimula, ukulunywa emphinjeni nasemakhaleni, kanye nokuqunjelwa; ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ukuhogela nokukhwehlela kuyajoyina. Izimpawu ezigqama kakhulu, nokho, ukuvaleka kwamakhala kancane kancane (ikhala eligcwele ikhala) nokuvuza koketshezi emakhaleni. Ekuqaleni, iwuketshezi olulula futhi oluncane kakhulu, kamuva ukukhishwa kuba mkhulu futhi kuba luhlaza ngokuphuzi. I-Herpes ngezinye izikhathi ivela esikhumbeni sezindebe. Izilonda zendawo zihambisana nezimpawu ezijwayelekile:

1. ubuthakathaka,
2. Ikhanda elibuhlungu,
3. umkhuhlane wezinga eliphansi.

I-rhinitis eyingozi ngokuvamile ihlala izinsuku ezingu-5-7.

Ngesikhathi se-rhinitis ebukhali, isiguli kufanele sihlale ekhaya, mhlawumbe sisodwa ukuze sivikele abanye abantu ekuthelelekeni. Igumbi lesiguli kufanele lifudumale, kodwa ukushisa ngokweqile kufanele kugwenywe. Umoya oswakeme ngendlela efanele usiza ukusula uketshezi lokuphefumula okoma kalula. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokufumisa ukusebenzisa i-humidifier kagesi. Kunconywa ukudla okugayeka kalula nokuphuza iziphuzo eziningi, isb. amajusi ezithelo ahlanjululwe.

I-rhinitis elula kakhulu

Kumane kuwumkhuhlane ovamile futhi ngokuvamile ubangelwa amagciwane omkhuhlane, i-adenoviruses, ama-rhinoviruses, nama-parainfluenza virus. Ikhala eligijimayo nalo lingaba nesizinda sebhaktheriya, lingabangelwa amagciwane afana nala: I-Moraxella catarrhalis, I-Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Ikhala eligijimayo liba namanzi kakhulu ekuqaleni, kodwa liba minyene ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okwenza ukuphefumula kube nzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiguli singase sibe nokukhwehlela njengoba umphimbo ucasulwa wukuphuma emakhaleni noma ukungenwa yigciwane emphinjeni. Iziguli ngaphezu kwalokho zinezimpawu ngesimo sekhanda elibuhlungu, ububomvu, ukudabuka nokuluma kwe-conjunctiva (i-viral conjunctivitis ivame ukwenzeka).

I-Rhinitis - i-non-allergies

I-Non-allergic rhinitis (i-vasomotor, idiopathic) yisimo esingapheli esingavuvukali esingahlanganise lutho nokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokwanda kwemithambo yegazi emgodini wamakhala. Lokhu kuholela ekuvuvukeni kwe-mucosa nokuphuma ngokweqile, okuyikhala eligijimayo. Izimbangela zalolu hlobo lwe-catarrh aziwa ngokugcwele, kungani ngokuvamile lubizwa ngokuthi i-idiopathic catarrh. Kwenzeka kaningi kwabesifazane kunabesilisa.

Izinto ezithinta i-mucosa:

1. izinguquko ezisheshayo ezingeni lokushisa elizungezile,
2. ukushintsha okungazelelwe komfutho we-atmospheric,
3. umoya owomile,
4. amakha,
5. izinongo ezishisayo,
6. ukuvusa ngocansi
7. ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa (ingcindezi),
8. ukuthatha imithi ethile (isb. izidakamizwa ze-antihypertensive, i-acetylsalicylic acid, i-xylometazoline). Ukusetshenziswa kwabo isikhathi eside kunciphisa i-mucosa yamakhala,
9. ukuvuthwa futhi, ngenxa yalokho, umnotho oshubile we-hormonal,
10. ukukhulelwa (ukugxila kwamahomoni ahlukahlukene).

I-rhinitis engeyona i-allergic ingenzeka unyaka wonke, ngezikhathi zokwanda (ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasekwindla). Izimpawu zihlanganisa ikhala eliminyene, ikhala eligelezayo kanye nokuthimula.

Pear Runny nose STOP kubantu abadala ngokuqinisekile kuzosiza ekukhipheni uketshezi lwamakhala.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-idiopathic rhinitis

Ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, inhlolokhono yezokwelapha nesiguli ibaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi mayelana nezimo zokuphila nezenhlalo kanye nezimo lapho izimpawu zokuqala zivele khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wenza ukuhlolwa kwe-otolaryngological. I-rhinoscopy yangaphambili ivumela ukubonwa kwekhala lekhala kanye nokuvuvukala okungenzeka kwe-mucosa. Ukuxilongwa kungase kubonise isidingo sokuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ukuxilongwa kwe-idiopathic rhinitis kwenziwa ngemva kokukhishwa kwe-rhinitis elula ne-allergenic rhinitis.

Indlela yokuphulukisa?

Ukwelashwa kwe-rhinitis engeyona i-allergic ngokuyinhloko ukuqedwa kwezinto ezibangela izimpawu. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukushintsha ngokuphelele impilo yakho kuze kube manje, kuhlanganise nomsebenzi wakho. Ukusetshenziswa okusekelayo kunikezwa isisombululo sikasawoti wasolwandle ngendlela yesifutho kanye namalungiselelo e-steroid (isb. i-motoazone) nama-antihistamine. Badambisa izimpawu.

I-rhinitis - ukungezwani komzimba

I-Allergic rhinitis inezimpawu ezifanayo kakhulu ne-idiopathic rhinitis. Unekhala eligelezayo, ikhala eliminyene, ikhala elilumayo kanye nokuthimula. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nokuluma okungabekezeleleki kwamehlo. Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu eziqondene ne-allergies, njengokushintsha kwesikhumba kanye ne-edema yejwabu leso. Ziwumphumela wokusabela okungavamile kwamasosha omzimba ku-allergen ethile, okuyinto ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile akufanele ibe nemiphumela enjalo. Umzimba womuntu, ofisa ukulwa ne-allergen ngendlela, isibonelo, impova evela ezitshalweni, ibangela ukuvuvukala kwe-mucosa yamakhala kanye nezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba.

Diagnostics

Ukuze uhlole i-rhinitis ye-allergen, ukuxilongwa okuphelele kubalulekile inhlolokhono yezokwelapha nesiguli kanye nocwaningo ngendlela ye ukuhlolwa kwe-allergies kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-otolaryngological. I-anterior rhinoscopy yembula umucosa ophaphathekile futhi ovuvukele, ngezinye izikhathi nokukhishwa okuncane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlolwa kwe-allergen (ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba, ukuhlolwa kwegazi lebhubhu) kuvumela ukunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-allergen olubangele i-rhinitis. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kuhilela ukubhoboza okuncane kwesikhumba bese kusetshenziswa inani elincane le-allergen. Uma ukusabela kuhle - isikhumba sizoqina futhi kuvele izigaxa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekuhlolweni kwegazi, amasosha omzimba akhiqizwa umzimba ekuphenduleni ukuthintana ne-allergen ethile angase abe khona.

Ukwelashwa kwe-rhinitis ye-allergen

Okokuqala, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukugwema izici ezibangela izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba futhi uthathe amalungiselelo e-antiallergic. Ngokuvamile izidakamizwa ziyi-nasal, futhi lapho kungabikho umphumela - ngomlomo. Lawa ngokuyinhloko ama-antihistamine, isb i-loratadine, i-cetirizine, ama-nasal steroid (asebenza kuphela ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zokusetshenziswa) kanye ne-fexofenadine. Ekuqaleni, kusetshenziswa ama-decongestants, isb i-xylometazoline (umkhawulo wezinsuku ezingu-5-7!). Nge-rhinitis ye-allergic (inkathi yonyaka), izidakamizwa zisetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile.

I-Desensitization isetshenziswa ezigulini ezinezifo ezinzima. Iqukethe ukusetshenziswa kwe-transdermal yomthamo okhuphuka kancane kancane we-allergen, ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene. I-Immunotherapy ihloselwe ukwenza isiguli sijwayele i-allergen futhi ngaleyo ndlela isenze singafundi ukusabela ezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba.

Izinkinga ze-rhinitis

I-rhinitis engapheli ingabangela izinkinga ngendlela:

1. i-sinusitis (okubangelwa ukukhishwa okuningi);
2. ama-polyps ekhaleni,
3. ukuphazamiseka kwephunga,
4. i-otitis media (okubangelwa ukungasebenzi komoya-mpilo ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwe-mucosa yamakhala).

Njengomphumela we-rhinitis, ama-abrasions we-epidermis angase avele, okufanele agcotshwe nge-Octenisan md - ijeli lekhala elithambisa kahle futhi lihlanze i-atria yekhala.

Ukwelashwa kwe-rhinitis

Ngokuvamile, usizo lukadokotela aludingeki, ngaphandle uma i-rhinitis ihlala isikhathi eside kunezinsuku eziyishumi noma lapho izimpawu zezinkinga ziqala: ukushisa okuphezulu, ubuhlungu bemisipha, ikhanda elibuhlungu endaweni yangaphambili noma ye-orbital, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuhogela okubi kakhulu, ukukhwehlela, indlebe.