amakhowe kaJulayi

Lapho igagasi lamakhowe okuqala entwasahlobo ehla, isikhathi esifushane sokuzola singena emahlathini eSifunda SaseMoscow. Kodwa kakade ngoJulayi, amakhowe afana ne-boletus, boletus, boletus, amakhowe e-mossiness nezimbuzi, i-russula, i-valui, i-lactic ne-rubella iqala ukuvela esifundeni saseMoscow. Izinhlobo ezingadliwayo nazo zingatholakala emahlathini: amakhowe enyongo, antantayo namagrebe aphaphathekayo.

Maphakathi nehlobo yisikhathi sephunga nokuqhakaza kwayo yonke imvelo. Nakuba inyanga kaJulayi ingeyona isiqongo "sokuzingela ngokuthula", kodwa kule nyanga lapho ungenza khona ukuhlolwa kokuqala ehlathini.

Mayelana nokuthi amakhowe akhula kanjani ngoJulayi, nokuthi abukeka kanjani, kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe kuleli khasi.

Amakhowe avela kuhlobo lweBorovik

I-Boletus intombi, noma isithasiselo (i-Boletus appendiculatus).

Izindawo zokuhlala: lawa makhowe akhula ehlathini ngo-July eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu ezindaweni ezixutshwe ne-beech, i-oki, i-hornbeam, kanye naphakathi kwamafir.

Isizini: kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuSepthemba.

I-cap ingama-5-20 cm ububanzi, kumakhowe amancane ayi-convex, amise okwe-cushion, bese e-convex. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo yisikhumba, ekuqaleni si-velvety, kamuva ngisho nesigqoko sombala ophuzi, onsundu, onsundu. Isikhumba asisuswa. Ikepisi li-matte esimweni sezulu esomile futhi lizondile esimweni sezulu esiswakeme.

Umlenze 5-15 cm ubude, 1-3 cm ubukhulu, lemon-yellow, reticulate, ngezinye izikhathi brownish ngezansi. Isisekelo sesiqu sivame ukuba nokuncipha kwe-conical.

I-pulp iphuzi, iyinyama, iminyene, inokunambitheka okumnandi, ayinaphunga, iphenduka ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekusikeni, ngokunambitheka okumnandi nephunga.

I-hymenophore imahhala, i-notched, iqukethe ama-tubules angu-1-2,5 cm ubude, okuqala okulamula okuphuzi, okusagolide okuphuzi, kamuva okuphuzi-nsundu. Uma ecindezelwe, amashubhu aba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-spore powder enemibala yoju.

Ukuhlukahluka: umbala wekepisi uyahluka ukusuka kokusagolide kuya kokuphuzi-nsundu.

Awekho amawele anobuthi. Ukwakheka kwekepisi nombala wesiqu kufana nekhowe le-porcini elidliwayo, noma i-boletus yasebukhosini (i-Boletus regius), ehluka ngesiqu esijiyile kanye nombala wekepisi onamathunzi abomvu.

Izindlela zokupheka. Amakhowe omisiwe, afakwe emanzini anosawoti, ekheniwe, amasobho alungiswa.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sokuqala.

 

I-Boletus boletus (i-Boletus pascuus).

Izindawo zokuhlala: kuma-glades, amadlelo anothile ngezinto eziphilayo, eduze kwamahlathi axubile.

Isizini: kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuSepthemba.

I-cap ingama-3-10 cm ububanzi, ekuqaleni i-hemispherical, kamuva imise okwe-cushion futhi i-convex. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo yikepisi eliphuzi eliphuzi elibomvu, elibomvu-burgundy, eliphuzi-brown, i-velvety ekuqaleni, kamuva ebushelelezi. Isikhumba asisuswa.

Umlenze 3-8 cm ukuphakama, 7-20 mm ubukhulu, cylindrical. Umbala wemilenze uphuzi ngenhla, ubomvu ngezansi.

Inyama iminyene, imhlophe ekuqaleni, kamuva iphuzi ngokukhanyayo, iphenduka ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekusikeni, ukunambitheka nephunga kumnandi.

Isendlalelo se-tubular sikhululekile, ekuqaleni siphuzi, kamuva sibe nombala ophuzi, lapho sicindezelwa sithola umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ama-spores anombala omnqumo.

Ukuhlukahluka: umbala wekepisi uyahluka kusuka obomvu-nsundu kuya onsundu-nsundu.

Izinhlobo ezifanayo. I-boletus boletus ifana ne-variegated flywheel (i-Boletus chrysenteron), ehlukaniswa ngombala ofanayo wekepisi.

Izindlela zokupheka: pickling, salting, ukuthosa, isobho, ukomisa.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-2.

 

I-Белый гриб – это гриб из рода Боровик. У российских грибников особое отношение к белым грибам. Встреча с ними завораживает и поднимает настроение. Появляется желание их фотографировать и искать еще еще. В последнее время все чаще фотографируют найденные белые на сотовый телефон. Эти замечательные грибы не только красивые, но полезные и лечебные.

Ikhowe elimhlophe, ifomu le-spruce (Boletus edulis, f. edulis).

Izindawo zokuhlala: eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu e-coniferous futhi exutshwe namahlathi e-spruce.

Isizini: kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJulayi kuya phakathi no-Okthoba.

Ikepisi linobubanzi obungu-4-16 cm, kumakhowe amancane liyi-convex, limise okwe-cushion, bese liyisicaba, libushelelezi noma lishwabene kancane. Esimeni sezulu esimanzi, ikepisi liyancipha, esimweni sezulu esomile liyacwebezela. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo umbala we-cap - obomvu-obomvu noma i-chestnut-brown, kanye nokuba khona kwezindawo ezinezindawo ezikhanyayo nezimnyama. Unqenqema lwe-cap lulinganayo, kumakhowe amancane afakwe kancane. Ikepisi likhulu futhi liyinyama.

Umlenze mude, ukhanyayo unephethini ye-mesh ephaphathekile, ubude buka-6-20 cm, ubukhulu obungu-2-5 cm, unwetshiwe noma umise okwe club engxenyeni engezansi, enombala ogqamile engxenyeni engenhla, emhlophe ngezansi.

I-Pulp. Isici sesibili esihlukile salolu hlobo yi-pulp eminyene kakhulu, emhlophe, engashintshi umbala ngesikhathi sokuphumula. Akukho ukunambitheka, kodwa kunephunga elimnandi lamakhowe.

I-hymenophore imahhala, i-notched, iqukethe amashubhu angu-1-2,5 cm ubude, amhlophe, bese ephuzi, anezimbotshana eziyindilinga zamashubhu.

Ukuhlukahluka: umbala we-cap uyahlukahluka kusuka ku-chestnut brown kuya ku-chestnut ekhanyayo kanye ne-brown ekhanyayo, isiqu engxenyeni engenhla singaba nombala osuka obomvu kuya obomvu.

Awekho amawele anobuthi. Ubukhulu nombala wekepisi kufana namakhowe enyongo angadleki (Tylopilus felleus), lapho inyama inombala obomvana kanye nokunambitheka okubabayo okushisayo.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-1.

Ikhowe elimhlophe (elivamile) (Boletus edulis).

Izindawo zokuhlala: eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu emahlathini axubile nama-coniferous, amapaki amahlathi.

Isizini: kusukela ngoJuni kuya phakathi no-Okthoba.

I-cap ingama-5-25 cm ububanzi, kumakhowe amancane i-hemispherical, bese i-convex futhi ibe isicaba, ibushelelezi ngemiphetho egoqiwe. Isikhumba sishwabene, siyacwebezela futhi sinamathela kancane esimweni sezulu esimanzi. Umbala wesigqoko - onsundu omnyama, onsundu ngokukhanyayo, obomvu ngezitini. Isikhumba asisuswa. Unqenqema lwe-cap lulinganayo, kumakhowe amancane afakwe kancane. Ikepisi likhulu futhi liyinyama.

Umlenze mkhulu, uminyene, uyisilinda, ngezinye izikhathi ugqinsile ngezansi noma u-tuberous, ubude obuphakathi nendawo nobukhulu, ukukhanya okufiphele ngephethini yemeshi ensundu ngokukhanyayo engxenyeni engenhla, futhi bushelelezi futhi kulula engxenyeni engezansi. Ukuphakama kwamakhowe 6-20 cm, ukujiya okungu-2-5 cm.

Inyama iqinile, imhlophe kuma-specimens amancane kanye nesipontshi. Bese ishintsha umbala ube phuzi-luhlaza. Ayinakho ukunambitheka, kodwa inephunga elimnandi lamakhowe.

Ama-tubules mancane futhi amade, awanamathele esiqwini futhi ahlukaniswe kalula ne-cap.

Ukuhlukahluka: umbala wekepisi uyahluka kusuka kokumhlophe ukuya kumnyama omnyama ngisho nompunga. Isiqu phezulu singaba phuzi ngokukhanyayo ukuya ensundu ngokukhanyayo ngombala.

Awekho amawele anobuthi. Okufanayo namakhowe enyongo angadleki (Tylopilus felleus), lapho inyama inombala obomvana, iphunga elingemnandi kanye nokunambitheka okubabayo kakhulu.

Izindlela zokupheka: ukomisa, ukukha, ukucwilisa, isobho.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-1.

Ikhowe elimhlophe, i-mesh form (Boletus edulis, f. reticulates).

Izindawo zokuhlala: eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu emahlathini e-oki nama-hornbeam.

Isizini: kusukela ngoJuni kuya phakathi no-Okthoba.

Ikepisi liyi-4-15 cm ububanzi, kumakhowe amancane liyi-convex, limise okwe-cushion, bese liyisicaba, libushelelezi noma lishwabene kancane. Esimeni sezulu esimanzi, ikepisi liyancipha, esimweni sezulu esomile liyacwebezela. Umbala wekepisi ubomvu ngezitini, onsundu omnyama, onsundu noma onsundu ngokukhanyayo. Isikhumba asisuswa. Unqenqema lwe-cap lulinganayo, kumakhowe amancane afakwe kancane. Ikepisi likhulu futhi liyinyama.

Umlenze. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo yi-mesh ezwakalayo emlenzeni. Imeshi kakhilimu okhanyayo ibekwe phezulu kungemuva elibomvu noma elinsundu. Umlenze ubude obuphakathi, 5-13 cm ukuphakama, 1,5-4 cm obukhulu, unwetshiwe noma omise okwekilabhu engxenyeni engezansi, enombala ogqamile engxenyeni engenhla.

I-pulp iminyene, imhlophe, ayinambala ngesikhathi sokuphumula. Ayinakho ukunambitheka, kodwa inephunga elimnandi lamakhowe.

I-hymenophore imahhala, i-notched, iqukethe amashubhu angu-1-2,5 cm ubude, amhlophe, bese ephuzi, anezimbotshana eziyindilinga zamashubhu.

Ukuhlukahluka: umbala we-cap uhluka kusuka kumnyama omnyama nomnyama kuya ku-brownish okhanyayo, futhi umbala we-stem uyafana.

Awekho amawele anobuthi. Ubukhulu nombala wekepisi kufana namakhowe enyongo angadleki (Tylopilus felleus), lapho inyama inombala obomvana kanye nokunambitheka okubabayo.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-1.

I-white fungus yethusi (i-Boletus aereus).

Izindawo zokuhlala: emahlathini aluhlaza naxubile.

Isizini: kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba.

Ikepisi linobubanzi obungu-4-10 cm, kumakhowe amancane liyi-convex, limise okwe-cushion, bese liyisicaba, libushelelezi noma lishwabene kancane. Esimeni sezulu esimanzi, ikepisi liyancipha, esimweni sezulu esomile liyacwebezela. Isici esihlukile esivela kwamanye amakhowe amhlophe umbala we-cap - brownish noma emnyama. Unqenqema lwe-cap lulinganayo, kumakhowe amancane afakwe kancane. Ikepisi likhulu futhi liyinyama.

Umlenze mude, ulula ngephethini yemeshi ethambile, ubude buka-6-20 cm, ugqinsi luka-2,5-4 cm, unwetshiwe noma umise okweklabhu engxenyeni engezansi. Umlenze umbozwe amabala ansundu ngokukhanyayo.

I-pulp iminyene, imhlophe noma iphuzi ngokukhanyayo kumakhowe amancane, aphuzi kumakhowe avuthiwe. Uma icindezelwe, umbala awushintshi. Ayinakho ukunambitheka, kodwa inephunga elimnandi lamakhowe.

I-hymenophore imahhala, i-notched, iqukethe amashubhu angu-1-2,5 cm ubude, amhlophe, bese ephuzi, anezimbotshana eziyindilinga zamashubhu.

Ukuhlukahluka: umbala we-cap uyahlukahluka kusuka ku-brown okhanyayo kuya kumnyama futhi okhanyayo obala, isiqu engxenyeni engenhla singaba nombala osuka obomvu kuya obomvu.

Awekho amawele anobuthi. Ubukhulu nombala wekepisi kufana namakhowe enyongo angadleki (Tylopilus felleus), lapho inyama inombala obomvana kanye nokunambitheka okubabayo.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-1.

 

Izakhiwo zokwelapha ze-porcini amakhowe

• Aqukethe ngaphezu kwamanye amakhowe, uvithamini A (osesimweni se-carotene), B1, C futhi ikakhulukazi D.
• Amakhowe wePorcini aqukethe isethi ephelele yama-amino acid - 22.
• Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izilonda, amathumba ngesisombululo esinamanzi.
• Zisetshenziselwa i-frostbite: amakhowe omisiwe (abuniwe), i-extract yenziwa futhi izindawo ezineqhwa zomzimba ziyaphathwa.
• Amakhowe e-porcini omisiwe agcina zonke izakhiwo ezingcono kakhulu zokuphulukisa futhi ayizivimbelo ezinokwethenjelwa ngokumelene nokuvela komdlavuza.
• Thuthukisa imetabolism.
• Banomphumela ojwayelekile wokuqinisa umzimba lapho bethatha i-mushroom powder 1 ithisipuni ngosuku.
• Yehlisa umfutho wegazi.
• Emakhowe e-porcini, i-alkaloid hercedin yatholakala, ethathwa i-angina pectoris, kuyilapho ukuzivikela komzimba kukhula, ubuhlungu benhliziyo buyancipha.
• Amakhowe amhlophe aqukethe ama-antibiotic abulala i-Escherichia coli kanye ne-bacilli ka-Koch ebangela isifo sohudo. Benza i-tincture yokuqeda izifo zamathumbu.
• Njenge-adjuvant, isetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sofuba.
• Ukusetshenziswa okuhlelekile kusiza ukuqeda izifo zesisu.
• Ziqukethe i-riboflavin eyengeziwe, into ebhekele impilo nokukhula kwezinzipho, izinwele, isikhumba kanye nempilo yonke. I-Riboflavin ibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-thyroid.
• Ikhambi lokucindezeleka.
• Sekuyisikhathi eside kukholakala ukuthi ukuthatha amakhowe amhlophe kunciphisa ubuhlungu bekhanda futhi kuphulukisa inhliziyo.

Inyoni engaphansi

Количество подберезовиков в июле резко возрастает. Теперь они появляются повсеместно: в болотистых местах, рядом с тропинками, на полянках, под деревьями. Преимущество отдается смешанным лесам с березами и елями.

I-Boletus (birch) marsh (Leccinum holopus).

Izindawo zokuhlala: eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu e-sphagnum bogs nasemahlathini axutshwe anomswakama anama-birches, eduze nemithombo yamanzi.

Isizini: kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ekupheleni kukaSepthemba.

I-cap ingama-3-10 cm ububanzi, futhi kwezinye izimo ifika ku-16 cm, kumakhowe amancane i-convex, imise okwe-cushion, bese ithambile, ibushelelezi noma ishwabene kancane. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo umbala we-cap - ukhilimu omhlophe, ompunga-oluhlaza, ompunga-oluhlaza.

Isiqu sincane futhi side, simhlophe noma simpunga, sinezenga ezimhlophe eziba nsundu uma zomile. Ukuphakama 5-15 cm, ukujiya 1-3 cm.

Inyama ithambile, imhlophe, iluhlaza kancane, inamanzi, iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-luhlaza phansi kwesiqu. Inyama ayishintshi umbala uma isikiwe.

Ungqimba olushubhu luwugqinsi oluyi-1,5-3 cm, lumhlophe kuma-specimens amancane futhi lungcolile lube mpunga kamuva, lube nezimbotshana zamashubhu ayindilinga.

Ukuhlukahluka: umbala wekepisi uyahlukahluka kusuka kukhilimu omhlophe nolula kuya kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-oluhlaza okotshani. Amashubhu nezimbotshana kumhlophe kuya kunsundu. Umlenze omhlophe uba mnyama ngokukhula, umbozwe amazenga ansundu.

Awekho amawele anobuthi. Ubukhulu kanye nokuma kwekepisi kufana namakhowe enyongo angadliwa (Tylopilus felleus), lapho inyama inombala obomvana kanye nokunambitheka okubabayo okushisayo.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-2.

 

I-Marsh boletus, ifomu oxidizing (Leccinum oxydabile).

Izindawo zokuhlala: eyedwa futhi ngamaqembu e-sphagnum bogs nasemahlathini axutshwe anomswakama anama-birches, eduze nemithombo yamanzi.

Isizini: kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ekupheleni kukaSepthemba.

Ikepisi linobubanzi obungu-3-8 cm, kanti kwezinye izimo lifinyelela ku-10 cm, kumakhowe amancane liyi-convex, limise okwe-cushion, bese liyisicaba, libushelelezi noma lishwabene kancane. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo umbala we-cap - ukhilimu omhlophe onamabala aphuzi.

Umlenze mncane futhi mude, umhlophe noma u-white-cream, umbozwe izikali ezimpunga-ukhilimu, eziba mpunga-nsundu uma zomile. Ukuphakama 5-15 cm, ngezinye izikhathi kufinyelela ku-18 cm, ukujiya 1-2,5 cm. Isici sesibili esihlukanisayo salolu hlobo yikhono lokusheshisa i-oxidize, elivezwa ukubonakala kwamabala aphinki lapho kuthintwa.

I-pulp ithambile, imhlophe, iminyene, inephunga elincane lekhowe, liphenduka libe pink ngokushesha ngesikhathi sekhefu. I-hymenophore iba mhlophe, iba mpunga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ungqimba oluyishubhu oluwugqinsi oluyi-1,2-2,5 cm lumhlophe kuma-specimens amancane futhi lungcolile lube mpunga kamuva, lube nezimbotshana eziyindilinga zamashubhu.

Ukuhlukahluka: Umbala wekepisi uyahluka ukusuka kukhilimu omhlophe nolula uye kukhilimu ophinki. Ama-tubules nama-pores - kusuka kumhlophe kuya kumpunga. Umlenze omhlophe uba mnyama ngokukhula, umbozwe amazenga ansundu ngokumpunga.

Awekho amawele anobuthi, kodwa kusukela kude, ngombala we-cap, le boletus ingadideka nefomu elimhlophe elinobuthi elibulalayo le-grebe ephaphathekile (Amanita phalloides), okuthi, lapho ihlolisiswa, ihlukaniseke kakhulu ngokuba khona indandatho esiqwini kanye neVolvo esisekelweni.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-2.

 

I-Boletus, yakha i-hornbeam (Leccinum carpini).

Izindawo zokuhlala: ngabodwana ngamaqembu emahlathini avuthulukayo.

Isizini: kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ekupheleni kukaSepthemba.

I-cap iyinyama, i-3-8 cm ububanzi, futhi kwezinye izimo ifika ku-12 cm. Ukwakheka kwekepisi ku-hemispherical, kuya ngokuya kuba yi-convex ngokuya ngeminyaka. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo yi-granular surface yekepisi kanye nombala ompunga-nsundu. Kuma-specimens amancane, umkhawulo we-cap ugobile; ezibonelweni ezivuthiwe, iyaqondana.

Umlenze mncane futhi mude, onsundu ngokukhanyayo, i-cylindrical, embozwe ngezikali ezimnyama, incishiswe engxenyeni engenhla.

Inyama ngesikhathi sekhefu ipendwe kuqala ngombala obomvana-violet, bese kuba mpunga futhi kamuva ibe nombala omnyama.

Isendlalelo se-Tubular esifinyelela ku-2,5 cm ubukhulu esinezimbotshana ezimhlophe ezimhlophe.

Ukuhlukahluka: umbala we-cap uyahlukahluka kusuka ku-gray-brown kuya ku-ash-gray, ocher ngisho namhlophe. Njengoba isikhunta sikhula, isikhumba sekepisi singase sishwabane, siveze amashubhu asizungezile. Izimbotshana namashubhu abamhlophe ekuqaleni, bese kuba mpunga. Amazenga esiqwini aba mhlophe ekuqaleni, bese kuba phuzi ngokukhanyayo, futhi ekugcineni abe nsundu ngokumnyama.

Awekho amawele anobuthi. Amakhowe e-Bile (Tylopilus felleus) afana kancane, lapho inyama inombala obomvana, anephunga elingemnandi kanye nokunambitheka okubabayo kakhulu.

Izindlela zokupheka: ukomisa, u-marinating, u-caning, ukuthosa. Kunconywa ukususa umlenze ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, futhi kumakhowe amadala - isikhumba.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-2.

 

I-boletus ensundu (Leccinum brunneum).

Izindawo zokuhlala: birch, coniferous kanye namahlathi axubile.

Isizini: kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba.

I-cap iyinyama, i-5-14 cm ububanzi, futhi kwezinye izimo ifika ku-16 cm. Ukwakheka kwekepisi ku-hemispherical enendawo enoboya obuncane, ngokuya ngeminyaka iba yi-convex encane. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo isigqoko esinsundu esinombala obomvu esinendawo ecwebezelayo. Ubuso obuphansi bunombobo ocolekile, izimbotshana ziyi-cream-grey, yellow-gray.

Umlenze unokhilimu ompunga ngombala, umbozwe ubude bonke ngezikali ezimnyama, ezibonelweni ezivuthiwe kumnyama.

Inyama iminyene ibe mhlophe, ekusikeni iba mpunga-mnyama.

Isendlalelo se-Tubular esifinyelela ku-2,5 cm ubukhulu esinezimbotshana ezimhlophe ezimhlophe.

Ukuhlukahluka: Umbala wekepisi uyahlukahluka ukusuka kokunsundu ukuya kunsundu ngokunsundu. Njengoba amakhowe ekhula, isikhumba sekepisi singasuka sinamathele futhi sicwebezele siye komile futhi sibe matte. Izimbotshana namashubhu abamhlophe ekuqaleni, bese kuba phuzi-mpunga. Izikali esiqwini zimpunga ekuqaleni, bese zicishe zibe mnyama.

Awekho amawele anobuthi. Amakhowe e-Bile (Tylopilus felleus) afana kancane nalawa makhowe we-boletus, lapho inyama inombala obomvana futhi anephunga elingemnandi kanye nokunambitheka okubabayo kakhulu.

Izindlela zokupheka: ukomisa, u-marinating, u-caning, ukuthosa. Kunconywa ukususa umlenze ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, futhi kumakhowe amadala - isikhumba.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-2.

I-boletus ye-orange cap

I-Boletus ne-boletus awahlukani ngegama ngesiLatini (Leccinum). Lokhu akukona ngengozi, njengoba izakhiwo zalawa makhowe ziseduze. Ukunambitheka kwe-boletus ethosiwe kumnandi kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-boletus ephekiwe icishe ibe mnyama, futhi i-boletus iba mnyama kakhulu. Phakathi kwabathandi bethu bemvelo, amakhowe e-aspen aziswa kakhulu ngenxa yobuhle nokunambitha kwawo.

Izici zokwelapha:

• Полный набор аминокислот.
• Usawoti omningi we-iron, i-phosphorus ne-potassium.
• Ucebile ngamavithamini A, B, B1, PP.
• Amakhowe e-Aspen ahlanza ngokuphelele igazi futhi anciphise amazinga e-cholesterol. Uma uthatha isipuni esingu-1 se-boletus powder nsuku zonke inyanga, khona-ke igazi liyathuthuka.

I-boletus ewolintshi-yellow (Leccinum testaceoscabrum)

Izindawo zokuhlala: amahlathi aluhlaza, axubile nakaphayini, akhula ngawodwana ngamaqembu.

Isizini: Juni - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.

Isigqoko siminyene ngo-4-12 cm ububanzi. Ukuma kwekepisi kuyi-hemispherical, bese kuthi i-convex encane, iguqe. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo umbala we-orange-yellow we-cap enemicu ebomvu. Ingaphezulu li-velvety noma libushelelezi, lomile, futhi linamathela kancane esimweni sezulu esimanzi. Indawo engezansi inezimbotshana ezinhle, izimbotshana zimpunga ngokukhanyayo noma zimpunga ocher.

Umlenze 5-16 cm ubude. Isici sesibili esihlukanisayo salolu hlobo yisiqu eside esimhlophe esiyisilinda esinezikali ezimhlophe ezivulekile ngaphandle kokunwetshwa eduze kwesisekelo. Kumakhowe avuthiwe, izikali ziba mnyama kancane, ubukhulu besiqu buyi-1-2 cm.

I-pulp iminyene, iminyene, imhlophe, ngekhefu ithola umbala kusuka ku-lilac kuya ku-gray-black.

Isendlalelo se-tubular simhlophe-mhlophe noma simpunga sinezimbotshana eziyindilinga ezincane zamashubhu. Impushana ye-spore insundu-buffy.

Ukuhlukahluka: isigqoko siba somile futhi sibe velvety ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi umbala wekepisi uyashintsha usuka ophuzi-owolintshi uye obomvu. Njengoba isikhunta sikhula, isikhumba sekepisi singase sishwabane, siveze amashubhu asizungezile. Izikali emlenzeni zimhlophe kuqala, bese kuba mpunga.

Ingaphansi kwekepisi lingase libe mhlophe-ophuzi ukuya kompunga ngombala.

Awekho amawele anobuthi. I-Boletus orange-yellow embala wekepisi ifana nekhowe le-porcini eliwolintshi elibomvu (i-Boletus edulis, f. auranti – oruber), elihlukaniswa ngesiqu esiwugqinsi esimise okweklabhu kanye nokuba khona kwephethini yenethi ebomvu isiqu.

Izindlela zokupheka: omisiwe, okusemathinini, okuphekiwe, okuthosiwe.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-2.

 

I-Podosinovik bely (Leccinum percandidum).

Izindawo zokuhlala: the mushroom is listed in the Red Book of the Federation and regional Red Books. Status – 3R (rare species). Mushrooms grow in small clearings, where there are a lot of ferns on the border of deciduous and mixed forest growth.

Isizini: ekupheleni kukaJuni - ekupheleni kukaSeptemba.

I-cap iyinyama, i-5-12 cm ububanzi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ifika ku-20 cm. Ukuma kwekepisi kuyi-hemispherical. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo yisimo sangaphakathi - yona, "njengesigqoko", inomthamo wangaphakathi (i-concave) uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-boletus amakhulu nama-boletus, lapho i-underside cap icishe ilingane. Isici sesibili esihlukanisayo umbala we-cap - ukhilimu, "uphondo lwendlovu", obomvu okhanyayo, kumakhowe amadala i-cap iba phuzi, ngezinye izikhathi kuvela amabala ansundu. Ngokuvamile isikhumba silenga phezu konqenqema lwekepisi.

Umlenze 6-15 cm, mncane futhi mude, cylindrical, isisekelo kancane uqweqwe. Amakhowe amancane anokuqina okuqinile kusuka ngezansi. Umlenze umhlophe unamazenga, acishe abe mnyama kumakhowe avuthiwe, ugqinsi luka-1-2,5 cm.

Мель Плоть Плотна Платная, пелаша, о р азазяс бурыми пятнам простоя бростоя. Мякоть на срезе ножки синеет.

Ukuhlukahluka: umbala wekepisi uyahlukahluka kusuka kukhilimu okhanyayo kuya kunsundu ngokuphuzi. Njengoba isikhunta sikhula, isikhumba sekepisi singase sishwabane, siveze amashubhu asizungezile. Izikali esiqwini ziqala ngokumpunga, bese zimnyama.

Ядовитых двойников нет. I-Подосиновик белый похож по цвету шляпки на съедобный подберезовик болотный (Leccinum holopus). Подосиновик отличается внутренней формой шляпки — она вогнута по сравнению с прямой или же, наоборот, слегка свисающей поздудшко.

Izindlela zokupheka. Nakuba i-mushroom inokunambitheka okuhle, kodwa ngenxa yokungatholakali kwayo kanye nokufakwa eNcwadini Ebomvu, umuntu kufanele agweme ukuyiqoqa futhi, ngokuphambene nalokho, akhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwayo ngazo zonke izindlela. Ungawadabuli la makhowe, ngoba lokhu kungathwala izinkulungwane zezinhlamvu.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-2.

 

I-Boletus burgundy ebomvu (Leccinum quercinum).

Izindawo zokuhlala: uhlobo oluyivelakancane, lumila lulodwa emahlathini avuthulukayo ahlanganiswe nesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu, bude buduze namaxhaphozi.

Isizini: Juni - Septhemba.

Isigqoko siminyene, ububanzi buka-4-10 cm, ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-15 cm. Ukuma kwesigqoko kuyi-hemispherical, efana nesigqoko sokuzivikela. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo umbala obomvu we-burgundy we-cap ene-fenely rough, velvety surface. Indawo engezansi inezimbotshana ezinhle, izimbotshana zimpunga ngokukhanyayo noma zimpunga ocher.

Umlenze 5-16 cm ubude. Isici sesibili esihlukile salolu hlobo umlenze we-cylindrical wombala obomvu noma obomvu obomvu onamabala amnyama.

Inyama iminyene, iminyene, imhlophe-ukhilimu, ngesikhathi sokuphumula iba i-lilac ibe grey-black.

Ungqimba lwe-tubular lumhlophe-ukhilimu noma olumpunga olunezimbotshana eziyindilinga ezincane zamashubhu. Impushana ye-spore insundu-buffy.

Ukuhlukahluka: isigqoko siba esomile futhi sibe velvety ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi umbala wesigqoko ushintsha kusuka ku-burgundy-red kuya ku-burgundy. Njengoba isikhunta sikhula, isikhumba sekepisi singase sishwabane, siveze amashubhu asizungezile. I-underside of the cap ingaba ukhilimu omhlophe ukuya kokuphuzi-mpunga.

Awekho amawele anobuthi. I-boletus burgundy-red embala wekepisi ifana nekhowe le-porcini elibomvu eliwolintshi (i-Boletus edulis, f. auranti – oruber), elihlukaniswa ngesiqu esiwugqinsi esimise okweklabhu kanye nokuba khona kwephethini yemeshi ebomvu. ohlangeni.

Izindlela zokupheka: omisiwe, ethinini, eyisitshulu, ethosiwe.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-2.

 

I-boletus ebomvu, noma inhloko ebomvu (Leccinum aurantiacum).

Izindawo zokuhlala: amahlathi aluhlaza, axubile nakaphayini, akhula ngawodwana ngamaqembu.

Isizini: июнь - конец сентября.

Isigqoko siminyene, 5-20 cm ububanzi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-25 cm. Umumo wesigqoko une-hemispherical, bese ungaphansi kwe-convex, ugobe. Umbala wesigqoko - osawolintshi, obomvu ogqwalile, obomvu-owolintshi. Ingaphezulu li-velvety noma libushelelezi, lomile, futhi linamathela kancane esimweni sezulu esimanzi. Indawo engezansi inezimbotshana ezinhle, izimbotshana zimpunga ngokukhanyayo noma zimpunga ocher.

Umlenze 5-16 cm ubude, ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-28 cm, mude, cylindrical, ngezinye izikhathi banzi ubheke esisekelweni, ngokuvamile ugobile grey-mhlophe kanye nezikali ukukhanya flaky. Kumakhowe avuthiwe, izikali ziba mnyama futhi zicishe zibe mnyama, ubukhulu besiqu buyi-1,5-5 cm.

Inyama iminyene, iminyene, imhlophe, ngesikhathi sekhefu iphenduka isuka ku-lilac iye kumpunga-mnyama, engxenyeni engezansi yesiqu ibe nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ofiphele.

Isendlalelo se-tubular simhlophe-mhlophe noma simpunga sinezimbotshana eziyindilinga ezincane zamashubhu. Impushana ye-spore - brown-ocherous, ocher-brown.

Ukuhlukahluka: i-cap iba yomile futhi i-velvety ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi umbala we-cap ushintsha usuka ophuzi-owolintshi uye obomvu okhanyayo. Njengoba isikhunta sikhula, isikhumba sekepisi singase sishwabane, siveze amashubhu asizungezile. Izikali esiqwini ziqala ngokumpunga, bese zimnyama. I-underside of the cap ingaba mhlophe-ophuzi ukuya kompunga ngombala.

Awekho amawele anobuthi. I-Boletus ebomvu ngombala wekepisi ifana nekhowe likaphayini elimhlophe elidliwayo (i-Boletus edulis, f. pinicola), elihlukaniswa ngomlenze owugqinsi omise okwekilabhu kanye nokuba khona kwephethini emlenzeni enemivimbo noma imivimbo.

Izindlela zokupheka: omisiwe, ethinini, eyisitshulu, ethosiwe.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-2.

 

I-Boletus yellow-brown (Leccinum versipelle – testaceoscabrum).

Izindawo zokuhlala: birch, uphayini namahlathi axubile.

Isizini: ekupheleni kukaJuni - ekupheleni kukaSeptemba.

Isigqoko siminyene, 5-16 cm ububanzi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-20 cm. Ukuma kwesigqoko kuyi-hemispherical, convex. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo umbala we-cap - ophuzi-obomvu, ophuzi-orange, i-orange ekhanyayo, obomvu-obomvu. Ingaphezulu li-velvety noma libushelelezi, lomile, futhi linamathela kancane esimweni sezulu esimanzi.

Isikhumba sivame ukulenga phezu konqenqema lwekepisi. Indawo engezansi inezimbotshana ezinhle, izimbotshana zimpunga ngokukhanyayo noma zimpunga ocher.

Umlenze 5-10 cm ubude, ugqinsi futhi mude, okumise okwekilabhu, tape kuya phezulu. Emakhowe amancane, isiqu siqina kakhulu. Umlenze umhlophe unamazenga ampunga, acishe abe mnyama kumakhowe avuthiwe, ugqinsi luka-2-5 cm.

Inyama inombala omhlophe ominyene, obomvana kancane ngesikhathi sokuphumula, bese iba mpunga bese iba nsomi ngokubomvu noma ibe mpunga ongcolile, bese iba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esiqwini.

Amashubhu angu-0,7-3 cm ubude anezimbotshana eziyindilinga ezincane. Isigaba sibonisa amashubhu ahlukanisiwe amhlophe. Ingaphezulu le-tubular layer kumakhowe amancane limpunga, bese kuba nsundu ngokumpunga. I-spore powder - nsundu ye-olive

Ukuhlukahluka: umbala wekepisi uyahlukahluka kusuka ophuzi-nsundu kuya kuwolintshi ogqamile. Njengoba isikhunta sikhula, isikhumba sekepisi singase sishwabane, siveze amashubhu asizungezile. Izikali esiqwini ziqala ngokumpunga, bese zimnyama.

Awekho amawele anobuthi. Amakhowe enyongo angadleki (Tylopilus felleus) afana kancane, lapho inyama enombala obomvana imunyu kakhulu.

Izindlela zokupheka: omisiwe, okusemathinini, okuphekiwe, okuthosiwe.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-2.

Ama-flywheels nezimbuzi

Ama-flywheel kanye nezimbuzi zikaJulayi zivame ukukhula emahlathini axubile anama-oki nama-spruces. Zivame ukungabonakali futhi zifihle kahle emaqabunga namaqabunga awile.

I-Flywheel yellow-brown (Suillus variegates).

Izindawo zokuhlala: ikhula kuphayini namahlathi axubile, iyodwa noma ngamaqembu. Impahla yokuqoqwa kwezinto eziyingozi: lolu hlobo lunempahla yokuqoqwa okuqinile kwezinsimbi ezisindayo, ngakho-ke kufanele ugcine ngokucophelela isimo sokuqoqa amakhowe endaweni engekho eduze kwamamitha angu-500 ukusuka emigwaqweni emikhulu kanye namabhizinisi amakhemikhali.

Isizini: Julayi-Okthoba.

Isigqoko sinobubanzi obungu-4-12 cm, sinjengomcamelo, siyi-convex, esigobile, futhi sineminyaka enomphetho owehlisiwe, ulamula-ophuzi, onsundu-ophuzi noma umnqumo. Isikhumba esigqokweni somile, sicolekile noma sicishe sizizwe, siba bushelelezi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngemva kwemvula siyashelela kancane.

Umlenze uyisilinda, uphuzi, unephethini yemabula emnyama, ukuphakama kuka-5-8 cm, ukuqina okungu-1,5-2,5 cm.

I-pulp iphuzi, ayinakho iphunga nokunambitha, iphenduka kancane ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekusikeni.

I-tubules i-olive ebusheni, bese i-olive egqwalile.

Ukuhlukahluka: i-cap iba yomile futhi i-velvety ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi umbala we-cap ushintsha usuka ku-chestnut ube nsundu omnyama. Umbala wesiqu uyahlukahluka kusuka ensundu ngokukhanyayo kanye nophuzi-nsundu kuya kokubomvu-nsundu.

Izinhlobo ezifanayo. Ikhowe lasePoland (i-Boletus badius) liyafana, kodwa alinayo i-velvety, kodwa ingaphezulu lesikhumba ne-oily cap.

Awekho amawele anobuthi. Amakhowe enyongo (Tylopilus felleus) afana kancane, lapho inyama inombala obomvana, futhi isigqoko sinsundu, siyababa kakhulu.

Izindlela zokupheka: ukomisa, uku-marinating, ukubilisa.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-3.

 

Ibhu le-Motley (i-Boletus chrysenteron).

Izindawo zokuhlala: ikhula emahlathini aluhlaza naxubile, emaphethelweni emigwaqo, imisele, emaphethelweni. Amakhowe ayivelakancane, abhalwe kwezinye izincwadi ezibomvu zesifunda, lapho anesimo se-4R.

Isizini: Julayi-Okthoba.

I-Шляпка диаметром 4-8 см, иногда до 10 см, полусферическая нево-бурая, красновато-коричневая шляпка. Трещины часто имеют розовый оттенок.

Umlenze uyi-cylindrical, ukuphakama okungu-3-8 cm, ukuqina kuka-0,8-2 cm, okuphuzi okukhanyayo, okubomvu engxenyeni engezansi. Unyawo oluphansi lungase lunciphe. Umlenze uvame ukugoba, unezikali ezincane ezibomvu.

Inyama iminyene, imhlophe noma iphuzi, ibomvu ngaphansi kwesikhumba se-cap nangaphansi kwesiqu, i-bluish kancane ngesikhathi sokuphumula.

I-tubules i-olive ebusheni, bese i-olive egqwalile. Ama-spores anombala omnqumo.

I-hymenophore iyanamathela, ihlukaniswa kalula ne-pulp, iqukethe ama-tubules angu-0,4-1,2 cm ubude, ukhilimu-ophuzi, ophuzi-oluhlaza, kamuva o-olive ngombala, ophenduka oluhlaza ngesikhathi sekhefu. Izimbotshana zama-tubules zikhulu. Impushana ye-spore inombala ophuzi-o-olive-brown.

Ukuhlukahluka. Ukubuka ngokwako kuyaguquguquka. Kukhona ama-specimens akhanyayo ocher-grey, acishe abebomvu futhi ansundu, aphuzi-ukhilimu. Kukhona okumnyama ngokubomvu-nsundu ngisho nansundu. Njengoba isikhunta sikhula, isikhumba sekepisi singase sishwabane, siveze amashubhu asizungezile.

Awekho amawele anobuthi. Amakhowe enyongo (Tylopilus felleus) afana kancane, lapho inyama inombala obomvana, futhi isigqoko sinsundu, siyababa kakhulu.

Izindlela zokupheka: ukomisa, uku-marinating, ukubilisa.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-3.

 

Imbuzi (Suillus bovines).

Izindawo zokuhlala: ikhula kuphayini omanzi noma emahlathini axubile nama-sphagnum bogs.

Isizini: Julayi-Okthoba.

Isigqoko esinobubanzi obungu-2-8 cm, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi sifika ku-10 cm, i-hemispherical, yellow-brown noma ibomvu, yomile ngokuphuzi okuphuzi phansi. Ifilimu ayihlukani nekepisi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuma kwesigqoko kuyacaba. Ingaphezulu linamafutha esimweni sezulu esimanzi.

Umlenze mncane, ophuzi, ubude obungu-3-8 cm, ubukhulu obungu-0,6-2 cm, buncane kancane ngezansi. Umbala wesiqu ucishe ufane, umbala usuka esitini esiphuzi kuya kokubomvu.

Inyama ithambile ngokubomvana, insundu-ukhilimu, imhlophe-ophuzi, iba bomvu kancane uma isikiwe. I-pulp ayinalo iphunga.

Ama-pores we-tubular layer abonakala ngokucacile. Ama-tubules anamathele, ehla, ukuphakama kuka-0,3-1 cm, ophuzi noma omnqumo-ophuzi ngombala anezimbotshana ezinkulu ze-angular zombala oluhlaza okotshani.

I-hymenophore iyanamathela, ihlukaniswe kalula ne-pulp, iqukethe ama-tubules angu-0,4-1,2 cm ubude, ukhilimu-ophuzi, isulfure-yellowish-green, kamuva umnqumo ngombala, uphenduka ube luhlaza ngesikhathi sekhefu. Ama-pores ama-tubules makhulu futhi angama-angular. Impushana ye-spore inombala ophuzi-o-olive-brown.

Изменчивость. Цвет может быть от желто-коричневого до бурого и ржаво-коричневого. Цвет ножки — от светло-оранжевого до темно-кирпичного.

Awekho amawele anobuthi. Amakhowe enyongo (Tylopilus felleus) afana kancane, lapho inyama inombala obomvana, futhi isigqoko sinsundu, siyababa kakhulu.

Izindlela zokupheka: ukomisa, uku-marinating, ukubilisa.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-3.

URussula

Amakhowe aseRussula ngoJulayi athatha izindawo eziningi zamahlathi. Ikakhulukazi eziningi zazo zikhula ehlathini, udoti we-spruce, nakuba ezinye izinhlobo zithanda izindawo ezimanzi.

I-Russula betularm (i-Russula betularm).

Izindawo zokuhlala: emahlathini anomswakama noma axubile, eduze kwamabhishi.

Isizini: Juni - Okthoba.

I-cap inobubanzi obungu-3-8 cm, ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-10 cm. Umumo uqala ngokuba yi-convex hemispherical, kamuva ucindezeleke kancane. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo yisigqoko esicindezelekile esinemiphetho ephakathi ebomvu-pink kanye nemiphetho epinki ekhanyayo. Isikhumba sibushelelezi, siyacwebezela, kwesinye isikhathi simbozwe imifantu emincane.

Umlenze: 4-10 см длиной, 7-15 мм толщиной. Форма ножки — цилиндрическая или немного, белого цвета, ломкая. У старых грибов ножка становится сероватой.

Amapuleti avamile, abanzi, anemiphetho emise kancane. Umbala wamapuleti kuqala umhlophe, bese umhlophe-ukhilimu.

I-pulp imhlophe, ithambile, inambitheka kamnandi.

Ama-spores ane-buffy elula. Impushana yesipore iphuzi ngokuphaphathekile.

Ukuhlukahluka. Emakhowe amancane, imiphetho yekepisi ibushelelezi, ngokuya ngeminyaka iba nezimbambo. Imikhawulo yamakhowe amancane ingase ibe mhlophe ngokuphelele noma ibe nombala opinki omncane, kamuva obomvana. Indawo emaphakathi inombala obomvana ekuqaleni, kamuva obomvu-opinki.

ukufana nezinye izinhlobo. I-Russula birch ifana ne-marsh russula edliwayo (i-Russula paludosa), lapho, ngokuphambene nalokho, phakathi nendawo ilula, iphuzi, futhi imiphetho imnyama, ibomvu. I-Russula birch ingadidaniswa nokuhlanza okuvuthayo (i-Russula emitica), enesiqu esimhlophe kanye nokunambitheka okubukhali kwe-peppery, ikepisi elibomvu elivuthayo futhi ongenawo omunye umbala phakathi nendawo.

Izindlela zokupheka: marinating, ukupheka, salting, ukosa.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-3.

 

I-Russula fading (i-Russula decolorans).

Izindawo zokuhlala: ama-coniferous, ngokuvamile amahlathi kaphayini, ku-moss nama-blueberries, akhula ngamaqembu noma ngawodwa.

Isizini: July - September.

I-cap ingama-4-10 cm ububanzi, ngezinye izikhathi ifika ku-15 cm, ekuqaleni iyindilinga, i-hemispherical, kamuva i-flat-convex, igoqa, ukuze icindezeleke ngemiphetho ebushelelezi noma enezimbambo. Umbala: ophuzi, osawolintshi obomvu, osawolintshi ngezitini, osawolintshi ophuzi. Isigqoko sifiphala ngokungalingani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, sakhe amachashaza anombala ompunga obomvu nongcolile. Isikhumba samakhowe amancane siyanamathela, bese somile futhi sibushelelezi.

Umlenze 5-10 cm mude, 1-2 cm obukhulu, cylindrical, ngezinye izikhathi imincinyane ngasesisekelo, obukhulu, obumhlophe, bese grey noma phuzi.

Мякоть белая, хрупкая со сладковатым вкусом, немного острая, на разломе сереет.

Amarekhodi obuningi obuphakathi, amancane, abanzi, anamathelayo, amhlophe ane-tint ephuzi noma empunga, ngisho nakamuva - okumpunga okungcolile.

Ukuhlukahluka. Imibala ye-cap nokufiphala kuyahlukahluka: nsundu, obomvu, onsundu ogqwalile, ngisho nohlaza.

ukufana nezinye izinhlobo. I-russula efiphalayo ifana ne-russula evuthayo (i-Russula emitica), lapho amapuleti amhlophe, inyama ingaphenduki ibe mpunga futhi inokunambitheka okubabayo, umbala we-cap unobomvu obomvu.

Izindlela zokupheka: gazinga, marinate,

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-3.

 

I-Russula bile (Russula fellea).

Izindawo zokuhlala: emahlathini asespruce nasemahlathini aluhlaza, ikhula ngamaqembu noma iyodwa.

Isizini: July - September.

I-Cap 4-9 cm ububanzi, ekuqaleni i-hemispherical, i-convex, kamuva i-convex-prostrate noma iphansi, icindezelekile kancane phakathi, ibushelelezi, yomile, enemiphetho ebuthuntu, ebushelelezi. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo umbala ophuzi-ophuzi onombala ophuzi noma onsundu kancane omaphakathi kanye nemiphetho ebomvu-ephuzi.

Umlenze 4-7 cm ukuphakama, 8-15 mm ubukhulu, cylindrical, ngisho, obukhulu, omhlophe. Umbala wesiqu nobudala uba ngotshani-ophuzi ofanayo nalowo wekepisi.

I-Pulp. Impahla yesibili ehlukanisayo yezinhlobo yiphunga lezinyosi ze-pulp kanye nokuvutha, ukunambitheka kwe-caustic nokumunyu.

Amapuleti abamhlophe, kamuva acishe abe nombala ofanayo nowekepisi. Amapuleti amaningi anamagatsha. Izinhlamvu zimhlophe.

Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala ophuzi wotshani uyanyamalala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi umbala wekepisi ubaphuzi ngokukhanyayo phakathi futhi ukhanye kancane emaphethelweni.

ukufana nezinye izinhlobo. I-russula ebilibilika futhi enemibandela edliwayo ingadideka ne-russula ephuzi enhle, ehlwabusayo (i-Russula claroflava), enekepisi eliphuzi eliphuzi noma elikalamula, kodwa elingenalo iphunga.

Banokunambitheka okubabayo, kepha uma kubilisiwe emanzini angama-2-3, ukufutheka kuyancipha, amasoso ashisayo angalungiswa.

Kudliwa ngokwemibandela ngenxa yokunambitheka okubabayo nokubabayo.

 

I-Russula eluhlaza (i-Russula aeruginea).

Izindawo zokuhlala: emahlathini ane-coniferous navuthuluka, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwamabhishi.

Isizini: Juni - Okthoba.

I-Cap 5-9 cm ububanzi, ngezinye izikhathi ifika ku-15 cm, ekuqaleni i-hemispherical, i-convex, kamuva i-convex-prostrate noma iphansi, icindezelekile ngemiphetho ebushelelezi noma enezimbambo kancane. Umbala ungaba lula emaphethelweni. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo umbala oluhlaza wekepisi onombala omnyama phakathi nendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amabala agqwalile noma abomvu-ophuzi phakathi nendawo yekepisi. Isikhumba siyanamathela esimweni sezulu esimanzi, simbozwe ngama-radial grooves amancane.

Ножка 4-9 см высотой, 8-20 мм толщиной, цилиндрическая, ровная, плотная, гладкая, блестящая, белая или с ржаво-коричнепинка. У основания ножка может слегка суживаться. Ножка сереет на срезе.

Inyama iqinile, iyashwabana, ayinaphunga futhi inokunambitheka okunopelepele noma okubabayo.

Amapuleti avamile, aphindwe kabili, akhululekile noma anamathele, ehla kancane eduze kwesiqu, amhlophe noma ukhilimu.

Ukuhlukahluka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umthunzi kuphela oguqukayo ngokumelene nesizinda sombala oluhlaza ojwayelekile.

Ukufana nezinye izinhlobo ezidliwayo. I-russula eluhlaza ingadideka ne-russula eluhlaza okotshani (i-Russula virescens), lapho isigqoko singesihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa siphuzi-luhlaza, futhi isiqu simhlophe ngezikali ezinsundu phansi. Zombili lezi zinhlobo ziyadliwa.

Umehluko kuhlobo oluluhlaza olunoshevu lwegrebe eliphaphathekile (Amanita phallioides): i-russula eluhlaza inesisekelo esiyisicaba somlenze, kuyilapho igrebe eliphaphathekile linendandatho emlenzeni kanye nesitho sangasese esivuvukele esisekelweni.

Способы приготовления: маринование, жарка, соление.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-3.

 

I-Russula luteotacta, noma emhlophe (Russula luteotacta).

Izindawo zokuhlala: amahlathi axubile.

Isizini: July - September.

I-cap ingama-4-8 cm ububanzi, ngezinye izikhathi ifika ku-10 cm, ekuqaleni i-hemispherical, kamuva i-convex futhi iguqa, icindezelekile phakathi. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo isigqoko esimhlophe esinesikhungo esiphuzi ngokunsundu. Amaphethelo wekepisi kumasampula avuthiwe awalingani, anemisele.

Umlenze 4-9 cm ukuphakama no-7-20 mm ubukhulu, omhlophe, cylindrical, ukwanda kancane phansi, ekuqaleni aminyene, kamuva ingenalutho.

I-pulp imhlophe, i-brittle enokunambitheka okubuthakathaka, okubabayo kancane.

Amapuleti avamile, amhlophe noma amhlophe-ukhilimu ngombala. Izinhlamvu zimhlophe.

Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala wekepisi uyahluka kusukela komhlophe qwa ukuya kophuzi kanye nendawo ephethwe amathoni aphuzi kanye ansundu.

ukufana nezinye izinhlobo. Le russula ingadideka ne-russula edliwayo enemibandela (i-Russala farinipes), enekepisi eliphuzi eli-ocher.

Umehluko ovela ohlotsheni olumhlophe olunoshevu lwegrebe eliphaphathekile (Amanita phallioides) ulele ebukhoneni beringi emlenzeni kanye nevolva evuvukele esisekelweni segrebe eliphaphathekile.

Okudliwayo ngokombandela ngenxa yokunambitha okubabayo.

 

I-Russula ocher-yellow (Russula ochroleuca).

Izindawo zokuhlala: amahlathi e-coniferous namaqabunga, akhula ngamaqembu futhi eyedwa.

Isizini: July - September.

I-cap ingama-4-10 cm ububanzi, ekuqaleni i-hemispherical, kamuva i-convex futhi iguqa, icindezelekile phakathi. Ubuso bumatte, bomile, bunamathela esimweni sezulu esimanzi. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo umbala we-ocher-yellow, ngezinye izikhathi unombala oluhlaza okotshani. Isikhungo sekepisi singase sibe mnyama, sibe silt esinsundu futhi sibe bomvu-ophuzi. Isikhumba sisuswa kalula.

Umlenze 4-9 cm ukuphakama kanye 1-2 cm obukhulu, bushelelezi, cylindrical, mhlophe ekuqaleni, kamuva grayish-ophuzi.

I-pulp ithambile, imhlophe, inokunambitheka okubukhali.

Amapuleti aminyene, anamathele, amhlophe noma alula ukhilimu.

Ukuhlukahluka. Isiqu esiyisilinda esimhlophe siba mpunga ngokukhula.

Ukufana nezinye izinhlobo ezidliwayo. I-ocher-yellow russula ingadideka ne-russula ephuzi edliwayo (Russula claroflava), enekepisi eliphuzi elikhanyayo nenyama emhlophe ephenduka ibe mnyama kancane uma isikiwe.

Umehluko kugrebe eliphaphathekile elinoshevu (Amanita phallioides) enezinhlobonhlobo ezinomnqumo noma ikepisi eliphuzi ukuthi igrebe eliphaphathekile linendandatho emlenzeni kanye nevolva evuvukele phansi.

Okudliwayo ngokombandela ngenxa yokunambitheka kwepelepele. Ifanele ukupheka izinongo ezishisayo. Ubukhali buyancipha uma ubilisiwe emanzini angu-2-3.

 

I-Russula purple-reddish (Russula obscura).

Izindawo zokuhlala: amahlathi e-coniferous enamaxhaphozi navuthulukayo, akhula ngamaqembu noma ngawodwa.

Isizini: July - September.

Izici zokwelapha:

• I-Russula purple-reddish inezakhiwo zama-antibiotic ngokumelene namagciwane ezifo ezihlukahlukene - i-staphylococci kanye namagciwane ayingozi - i-pulularia. Ama-tincture asekelwe kulawa makhowe anezindawo zokulwa namagciwane futhi angacindezela ukukhiqizwa kwe-staphylococci.
• Odayi ababomvu-onsomi bayasebenza ngokumelene namagciwane ayingozi. Lokhu kuvumela umphumela onamandla we-antibacterial.

I-cap ingama-4-15 cm ububanzi, ekuqaleni i-hemispherical, kamuva iguqa, icindezelekile phakathi, ne-wavy, ngezinye izikhathi i-serrated. Ingaphezulu liyanamathela kancane esimweni sezulu esimanzi, lomile kwesinye isimo sezulu. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo umbala oyinhloko onsomi-obomvu futhi ukuhlukahluka kungenzeka: obomvu-bluish, obomvu-obomvu nge-gray tint. Kumakhowe amancane, ingxenye emaphakathi yekepisi iba mnyama, kodwa kamuva iyafiphala ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ножка 4-10 см высотой kanye 1-2,5 см толщиной, цилиндрическая, плотная, к основанию немного суженная, со временем становится рых.

Inyama imhlophe, impunga ngesikhathi sokuphumula, inokunambitheka okumnandi okungeyona i-caustic.

Amapuleti anobubanzi obungu-0,7-1,2 cm, amhlophe kuma-specimens amancane, kamuva anombala ophuzi, i-spore powder.

Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala we-cap uyahlukahluka: kusuka konsomi-obomvu kuya kobomvu-obomvu kuya komnyama wezitini.

ukufana nezinye izinhlobo. I-russula enombala obomvu-obomvu ingadidaniswa ne-russula ebabayo engenakudliwa (i-Russula emitica), enekepisi elibomvu, elibomvana noma elinsomi, isiqu esibomvana ezindaweni, inyama emhlophe, ebomvana ngaphansi kwesikhumba, enokunambitheka okushisayo kakhulu.

Izindlela zokusebenzisa: marinating, salting, hot.

I-Russula pink (i-Russula rosea).

Izindawo zokuhlala: amahlathi aluhlaza namahlathi kaphayini, ngamaqembu noma ngawodwana.

Isizini: Agasti-Okthoba.

Isigqoko singu-4-10 cm ububanzi, ekuqaleni siyi-hemispherical, kamuva sagoba, sigoqe phakathi, somile ngonqenqema olubushelelezi. Ingaphezulu liyanamathela kancane esimweni sezulu esimanzi, lomile kwesinye isimo sezulu. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo ngumbala opinki, obomvu-obomvu, obomvu ophaphathekile onamabala amhlophe afiphele naphuzi. Isikhumba asisuswa.

Umlenze 4-8 cm ubude, 1-2,5 cm ubukhulu, mfushane, mhlophe ekuqaleni, bese kuba pinki, fibrous, cylindrical.

I-pulp iminyene, i-brittle, imhlophe ngombala, iyababa kumakhowe amancane, amnandi kwakhulile.

Amapuleti mancane, imvamisa ephakathi, emincane, emhlophe ekuqaleni, kamuva ukhilimu noma ukhilimu opinki. Amapuleti anamathela kancane noma akhululekile.

Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala we-cap uyahlukahluka: kusuka ku-pink-red kuya kuphuzi-pink.

ukufana nezinye izinhlobo. I-russula ephinki ifana ne-marsh russula edliwayo (i-Russula paludosa), enesigqoko esibomvu esisawolintshi, isiqu esimise okwe club, esimhlophe esinombala obomvana. I-pulp ye-marsh russula ayinakho ukunambitheka okubabayo, kodwa i-mushroom emnandi.

Ikhowe elidliwayo elinemibandela ngenxa yokunambitheka okubabayo, lisetshenziselwa ukwenza izinongo ezishisayo. Ukunambitheka okubabayo kungancishiswa

 

I-Russula purple, noma i-lilac (i-Russula violaceae).

Izindawo zokuhlala: uphayini, isihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi namahlathi axubile, akhule ngamaqembu noma awodwa.

Isizini: Julayi-Okthoba.

Isigqoko sinobubanzi obungu-4-10 cm, kwesinye isikhathi sifinyelela ku-12 cm, ekuqaleni siyi-convex, i-hemispherical, bese sigoba, sicishe sibe yisicaba nge-concave middle. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo isigqoko esinsomi esinamaphethelo angalingani, amagagasi kanye nomthunzi omnyama phakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphetho yekepisi iyalenga phansi.

Umlenze unobude obungu-5-10 cm, ubukhulu obungu-7-15 mm, umhlophe, usesimweni se-cylindrical.

I-pulp i-brittle, imhlophe.

Amapuleti avamile, anamathele, ekuqaleni amhlophe, futhi njengoba evuthwa, ukhilimu.

Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala we-cap uhluka kusuka ku-purple kuya ku-lilac kanye ne-brown-violet.

Ukufana nezinye izinhlobo ezidliwayo. I-Russula purple ingadidaniswa nefomu elinsomi le-brittle russula (i-Russula fragilis, f. violascens), ehlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwama-chips nesigqoko esibuhlungu, kanye nombala onsomi okhanyayo.

Izindlela zokupheka: pickling, salting, ukuthosa. Amakhowe abhalwe ohlwini lwezincwadi ezibomvu zesifunda, isimo - 3R.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-4.

Value

Валуи в июле растут повсеместно, предпочитая высокие места. В деревнях и местах с давними традициями валуи собирают помногу, вымачивают и засаливают в бочках. В окрестностях больших городов их также очень много. Но здесь их почти не собирают, отдавая предпочтение другим видам. Они отличаются многообразием форм и размеров: от шарообразной на ножке до зонтикообразных.

Valui (Russula foetens).

Izindawo zokuhlala: exutshwe ne-birch kanye namahlathi e-coniferous, akhule ngamaqembu.

Isizini: July - September.

Isigqoko sinobubanzi obungu-3-15 cm, ngezinye izikhathi sifinyelela ku-18 cm, siyinyama, ekuqaleni siyindilinga futhi siyi-hemispherical, bese siguqa phansi, ngokuvamile sinokucindezeleka okuncane phakathi, okuthambile, okunamathelayo, okunomphetho onezimbambo, ngezinye izikhathi ukuqhekeka. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo yisimo esiyindilinga kuma-specimens amancane kanye nombala we-cap: i-ocher, utshani, ophuzi ongcolile, o-orange-brown. Isikhumba asisuswa.

Umlenze 3-8 cm ukuphakama, 1-2,5 cm obukhulu, cylindrical, ngezinye izikhathi ukuvuvukala phakathi, ekuqaleni spongy, umbala ofanayo nge cap. Impahla yesibili ehlukanisayo yalolu hlobo iwumlenze ongenalutho onemigodi eminingana engenalutho.

Inyama imhlophe, bese i-ocher, iminyene ku-cap, i-spongy esiqwini, ikhululekile ngephunga elimnandi nokunambitha. Iphunga elibi liqiniswa kumakhowe amadala.

Amapuleti ayanamathela, anombala ophuzi noma ansundu ngokunsundu anamabala ansundu, amagatsha anemfoloko, avamile, ngokuvamile akhipha amaconsi awuketshezi eceleni konqenqema. I-spore powder imhlophe noma ikhilimu.

Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala we-cap ungahluka kakhulu, kusukela ku-orange-brown kuya kokuphuzi okukhanyayo, futhi ama-blades angahluka kusuka kokuphuzi okukhanyayo nokhilimu kuya kunsundu.

ukufana nezinye izinhlobo. I-Valui ifana ne-ocher-yellow russula enemibandela edliwayo (i-Russula ochroleuca), lapho umbala wekepisi unombala ophuzi ophuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani, isiqu sibushelelezi, siyicylindrical, simhlophe. Ukwakheka kwekepisi kuhluke kakhulu: kumanani amancane navuthiwe, iyindilinga noma i-hemispherical futhi kamuva iba isicaba, njengase-russula.

Izindlela zokupheka: usawoti emva kokwelashwa kwangaphambili.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-4.

Млечник futhi краснушка

Млечники и краснушки — все съедобные грибы. Среди них есть особенно ароматные и вкусные, например, млечники древесинные, отличающиеся необыкновенным контрастом проклаипише контрастом песни. Однако все они требуют предварительного отмачивания перед окончательной засолкой.

Ukhuni olunobisi, noma olunsundu (Lactarius lignyotus).

Izindawo zokuhlala: хвойные леса, среди мха, растут обычно группами.

Isizini: Agasti Septhemba.

I-cap inobubanzi obungu-3-6 cm, iminyene, ibushelelezi, i-convex ekuqaleni, kamuva i-flat-conical. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo yinhlanganisela engavamile yemibala: isigqoko esimnyama, i-chestnut, esinsundu, esinsundu noma esinsundu esimnyama, esivame ukuba ne-tubercle ephawulekayo phakathi, amapuleti akhanyayo futhi alula kanye nomlenze omnyama omnyama.

Isiqu side, 4-12 cm ubude, 0,6-1,5 cm obukhulu, cylindrical, ngokuvamile sinuous, black brown, blackish, brown, chestnut umbala cap.

Inyama imhlophe, kamuva iba phuzi kancane, ibomvu ngokusikwa.

Amapuleti avamile, ehla kancane eduze kwesiqu noma anamathelayo, ukhilimu olula noma ukhilimu ophuzi.

Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala wekepisi kanye nesiqu ungahluka kusuka kunsundu ngokumnyama ukuya kunsundu kanye nomnyama-nsundu.

ukufana nezinye izinhlobo. I-mushroom iyisici futhi ihluke kumbala omnyama we-cap, imilenze namapuleti alula ukuthi ihlukaniswa kalula kwabanye futhi ayinazo izinhlobo ezifanayo.

Izindlela zokupheka: ukupheka, usawoti, ukushisa.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-2.

 

I-Rubella (Lactarius subdulcis).

Izindawo zokuhlala: лиственные и смешанные леса, растут группами.

Isizini: Julayi-Okthoba.

Isigqoko sinobubanzi obungu-4-9 cm, siminyene, kodwa siyaphuka, siyacwebezela, siconvex kuqala, kamuva siyisicaba, sicindezelekile kancane phakathi. Ingaphezulu li-matte, libushelelezi noma lishwabene kancane. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo wumbala ogqwalile-obomvu, obomvu-obomvu, umbala ophuzi-obomvu.

Umlenze 3-7 cm ukuphakama, 0,6-1,5 cm ubukhulu, cylindrical, mncane kancane esisekelweni, ngezinye izikhathi ezinemithende longitudinal fleecy, bushelelezi, nsundu.

I-pulp ibuthakathaka, i-brownish-yellowish, inephunga elincane elingathandeki kanye nokunambitheka okubabayo.

Amapuleti avamile, amancane, ehla kancane eduze kwesiqu, ansundu ngokukhanyayo. Lapho isikiwe, kukhishwa ijusi emhlophe ewuketshezi, ekuqaleni i-sweetish, kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana iqala ukunambitha okubabayo.

Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala wekepisi nesiqu ungahluka ukusuka kokubomvu okugqwalile ukuya kunsundu ngokumnyama.

ukufana nezinye izinhlobo. I-Rubella ifana ne-bittersweet (Lactarius rufus), enenyama emhlophe esikhundleni sokuba nsundu ngokuphuzi futhi ine-tubercle emaphakathi.

Izindlela zokupheka: i-mushroom edliwayo enombandela, njengoba idinga ukubilisa okuphoqelekile kokuqala, emva kwalokho ingafakwa usawoti.

Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-4.

Esigabeni sokugcina salesi sihloko, uzothola ukuthi yimaphi amakhowe angenakudliwa akhula ngoJulayi.

Amakhowe angenakudliwa ngoJulayi

I-Gall fungus (Tylopilus felleus).

Ehlathini eliminyene nelimnyama, izibabazo zivame ukuzwakala: “Ngithole i-boletus! Futhi, kukhona eziningana zazo! Uma uhlolisisa, kuvela ukuthi la makhowe anamapuleti aphinki. Uma usuka kude, abukeka njengamakhowe e-porcini noma ama-boletus. Abanye baze bawabilise. Azinabo ubuthi, kodwa ziyababa kakhulu. Lezi yi-gall fungi.

Izici zokwelapha ze-gall mushroom:

• I-Gall fungus inomphumela we-choleretic. Kuyo ulungiselela izidakamizwa zokwelashwa kwesibindi.

Izindawo zokuhlala: izindawo ezimanzi emahlathini ane-coniferous naxubile, eduze neziphunzi ezibolile, zenzeka zodwa futhi ngamaqembu.

Isizini: Julayi-Okthoba.

Ikepisi linobubanzi obungu-4 kuya ku-15 cm, eliwugqinsi-inyama, ekuqaleni libe ne-hemispherical, kamuva elimise okwe-round-cushion bese liyagoqa noma liyisicaba-convex. Ingaphezulu lithambile, kamuva libushelelezi, lomile. Umbala: u-chestnut okhanyayo, onsundu ngokumpunga, ophuzi noma obomvu.

Umlenze 4-13 cm ukuphakama no-1,5-3 cm ubukhulu, okokuqala cylindrical, kamuva okumise okweklabhu esisekelweni. Umbala we-stem u-cream-buff noma ophuzi-brown. Phezulu emlenzeni kunephethini yemeshi emnyama emnyama ecacile.

I-pulp iminyene, iminyene, imhlophe qwa, ikhululekile kumakhowe amadala, iphenduka ibe pink ngesikhathi sekhefu. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo ukunambitheka okuvuthayo-bilious kwe-pulp, nakuba iphunga limnandi, amakhowe.

Ungqimba lwe-tubular lunamathela esiqwini, kwesinye isikhathi alukhonjwanga. Isici sesibili esihlukanisayo salolu hlobo yi-pink ephaphathekile noma umbala opinki ongcolile we-down and tubules. Uma icindezelwe, ungqimba luba pink. Emakhowe amancane, umbala ucishe ube mhlophe. Ama-pores ayindilinga noma angama-angular, amancane. I-spore powder - grey-brown, pink-brown, pink.

Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala we-cap ngesikhathi sokukhula kwesikhunta uyashintsha usuka ensundu ngokukhanyayo ube nsundu ngokunsundu, futhi ungqimba lwe-tubular lushintsha lusuka kumhlophe lube pink.

Izinhlobo ezifanayo. Esemncane, lapho ama-tubules emhlophe, i-fungus ye-gall ingadideka nezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-ceps. Kodwa-ke, i-pulp yesikhunta esimhlophe ayinambitheki futhi imhlophe, ayishintshi umbala lapho iphukile futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ayinakho ukunambitheka okubabayo kakhulu.

Ayidleki, ibe nokunambitheka okubabayo okuvuthayo.

 

I-Float

Izintanta zikaJulayi zigqama kahle otshanini. Lawa makhowe amahle azacile anesiqu eside, nakuba engenakudliwa, ahlala eheha abacoshi bamakhowe.

Ukuntanta okumhlophe (Amanita nivalis).

Izindawo zokuhlala: ama-deciduous futhi axutshwe namahlathi e-birch, akhule ngamaqembu noma awodwa.

Isizini: Agasti-Okthoba.

I-cap incane, inobubanzi obungu-3-6 cm, ekuqaleni i-ovoid, kamuva i-convex-prostrate futhi iphansi ngokuphelele. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo isigqoko esincane esimhlophe qhwa esine-tubercle ebuthuntu, esinomthunzi emaphethelweni kanye nesiqu eside nesincane esimhlophe esineVolvo. Imiphetho yekepisi ibushelelezi ekuqaleni, kamuva i-wavy.

Ножка длинная 5-16 см высотой, 5-10 мм толщиной, гладкая, сначала белая, позже светло-кремовая с крупными чешуйками.

I-Pulp: imhlophe, inamanzi, iyashwabana, ayinaphunga.

Пластинки свободные, частые, мягкие, белые.

Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala wekepisi uyahluka ukusuka komhlophe kuye komhlophe nge-tubercle.

Izinhlobo ezifanayo. Ukuntanta okumhlophe qhwa okungadleki kuyefana nezibonelo ezincane zeselesele esinobuthi (Amanita citrine), esihlukaniswa ngendandatho enkulu emhlophe esiqwini kanye nesigqoko esiwugqinsi, esiyinyama.

Ayidleki.

 

Float ocher-grey (Amanitopsis lividopallescens).

Izindawo zokuhlala: amahlathi aluhlaza naxubile, akhula ngamaqembu noma ngawodwa.

Isizini: Agasti-Okthoba.

I-cap incane, inobubanzi obungu-3-7 cm, ekuqaleni i-hemispherical, kamuva i-convex-prostrate futhi iphansi ngokuphelele. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo isigqoko se-ocher-grey esine-blunt tubercle, indawo engalingani kanye nemiphetho eqhekeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ezibonelweni ezincane, isifunda esimaphakathi sekepisi silula, sicishe sibe mhlophe.

Umlenze mncane, mude, 5-12 cm ukuphakama, 6-15 mm ubukhulu.

Ingaphezulu lomlenze limhlophe, phansi linombala ofanayo nesigqoko. Isisekelo somlenze sijiyile.

I-Pulp: imhlophe, ayinaphunga.

Amapuleti avamile, athambile, amhlophe, anamathiselwe-anamathiselwe.

Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala wekepisi uyahluka ukusuka ku-ocher grey ukuya komhlophe nokuphuzi.

Izinhlobo ezifanayo. I-float yesiliva engenakudliwa ifana nefomu elimhlophe elinobuthi le-grebe ephaphathekile (Amanita phalloides), ehlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwendandatho ebanzi esiqwini kanye nokungabi bikho komthunzi emaphethelweni ekepisi.

Ayidleki.

 

I-toadstools ephaphathekile.

• Ama-Pale grebe anobuthi obubulalayo, yingakho engama-grebe.

I-Pale grebe, ifomu elimhlophe (Amanita phalloides).

Izindawo zokuhlala: amahlathi aluhlaza naxubile, enhlabathini enothe nge-humus, akhula ngamaqembu noma ngawodwa.

Isizini: Agasti - Novemba.

I-cap inobubanzi obungu-6-15 cm, ekuqaleni i-hemispherical, kamuva i-convex prostrate. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo wubuso obushelelezi obumhlophe obumhlophe bekepisi ngaphandle kwesikali kanye nesiqu esineVolvo nendandatho ebanzi.

Umlenze 6-16 cm ubude, 9-25 mm ubukhulu, mhlophe, bushelelezi. Engxenyeni engenhla yomlenze, ama-specimens amancane anendandatho emhlophe ebanzi. Iringi ingase inyamalale ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Emzansi womlenze kune-tuberous thickening, ehlanganiswe ne-Volvo.

I-Pulp: emhlophe, ephuzi ngaphansi kwesikhumba, enephunga elicashile nokunambitha.

Amapuleti amahhala, avamile, athambile, amafushane, amhlophe.

Ukuhlukahluka. Umbala wekepisi ushintsha kancane - umhlophe qwa noma ube mhlophe namabala aphinki.

Izinhlobo ezifanayo. Udinga ukuqaphela ikakhulukazi lapho uqoqa ama-champignon amahle adliwayo - idlelo (Agaricus campestris), i-spore esikhulu (Agaricus macrosporus), insimu (Agaricus arvensis). Wonke lawa ma-champignon esemncane anamapuleti akhanyayo anombala ophuzi noma obonakala kancane ophinki namakepisi akhanyayo. Kule minyaka yobudala, bangadideka negrebe enobuthi obubulalayo. Lapho esekhulile, kuwo wonke la ma-champignon, amapuleti aba nsundu ngokukhanyayo, apinki, ansundu ngombala, kuyilapho ku-grebe ephaphathekile ahlala emhlophe.

Ubuthi obubulalayo!

 

Isikhulumi se-waxy (Clitocybe cerussata).

Phakathi kwabakhulumayo, iningi lamakhowe angenakudliwa ngisho anobuthi. Angahlukaniswa ngesiqu esimise okwekhoni kanye namapuleti agaqa esiqwini. NgoJulayi, enye yezinto ezinobuthi kakhulu itholakala - isikhulumi se-waxy.

Izindawo zokuhlala: amahlathi axubile nangama-coniferous, otshanini, enhlabathini enesihlabathi, akhule ngawodwa noma ngamaqembu.

Isizini: July - September.

I-cap ingama-3-7 cm ububanzi, okokuqala i-convex, bese iguqa futhi icindezelekile. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo isigqoko se-waxy noma esimhlophe esinezindawo eziqondile ezimhlophe kanye namaphethelo angamagagasi.

Umlenze 3-6 cm mude, 4-12 mm ubukhulu, ukhilimu noma mhlophe ngokuncipha kanye pubescence esisekelweni.

Inyama imhlophe, ishwabene, inephunga elibi.

Amapuleti avamile, aminyene, ehla ngokuqinile eduze kwesiqu, abe mhlophe ekuqaleni, kamuva-ukhilimu omhlophe. Impushana yesipore imhlophe.

Ukuhlukahluka: umbala we-cap uhluka kusuka kumhlophe kuya kwezinyo lendlovu kanye nokhilimu omhlophe.

Izinhlobo ezifanayo. Isikhulumi se-waxy sifana nesikhulumi esimhlophe esinoshevu (Clitocybe dealbata), esimise okwefaneli kancane futhi sinephunga elinamandla lempuphu.

Inobuthi.