Okuqukethwe
Iningi lezakhamzimba zokondla umzimba womuntu lingena ngomgudu wamathumbu.
Kodwa-ke, ukudla okuvamile abantu abakudlayo: isinkwa, inyama, imifino - umzimba awukwazi ukusebenzisa ngqo izidingo zawo. Ngalokhu, ukudla neziphuzo kufanele kuhlukaniswe kube izingxenye ezincane - ama-molecule ngamanye.
La mangqamuzana athuthwa yigazi ayiswa kumaseli ekwakheni amaseli amasha nokukhiqiza amandla.
Ukudla kugaywa kanjani?
Inqubo yokugaya ibandakanya ukuxuba ukudla nejusi lesisu nokukuhambisa ngomgudu wamathumbu. Ngalesi sikhathi sokunyakaza, ukudla kuhlukaniswe ngezakhi, okusetshenziselwa izidingo zomzimba.
Ukugaya kuqala emlonyeni lapho ukuhlafuna nokugwinya ukudla. Futhi kugcina emathunjini amancane.
Ukudla kuhamba kanjani emgudwini wokugaya ukudla?
Izitho ezinkulu eziyize zomgudu wamathumbu - isisu namathumbu kunesendlalelo semisipha, okwenza izindonga zazo zihambe. Le nhlangano ivumela ukudla noketshezi ukuba kudlule ohlelweni lokugaya bese kuxubeka.
Ukuncishiswa komgudu wamathumbu kubizwa ngokuthi i-peristalsis. Kufana negagasi okuthi ngosizo lwemisipha lihambe kuwo wonke umgudu wokugaya ukudla.
Imisipha yamathumbu idala ingxenye ebophelelayo, eqhubekela phambili kancane, icindezela ukudla noketshezi.
Inqubo yokugaya
Ukugaya kuqala emlonyeni. Uma uhlafuna ukudla kumanziswa kakhulu ngamathe. Amathe aqukethe ama-enzyme aqala ukonakala isitashi.
Ukudla okugwinyiwe kuyangena i-esophagus okuyinto ixhuma umphimbo nesisu. Lapho kuhlangana khona umphimbo nesisu, kunendandatho yemisipha. Le yi-sphincter engezansi yomphimbo, evula ngokucindezela kokudla okufakiwe bese ikudlulisela esiswini.
Isisu sinakho imisebenzi emithathu eyisisekelo:
1. Storage. Ukwenza inani elikhulu lokudla noma uketshezi, imisipha yengxenye ephezulu yesisu iyakhululeka. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi izindonga zomzimba zeluleke.
2. Ukuxuba. Ingxenye engezansi yesisu yehliselwa ekudleni nasekuketsheni okuxubene nejusi yesisu. Le jusi iqukethe i-hydrochloric acid nama-enzyme wokugaya ukudla, okusiza ekuwohlokeni kwamaprotheni. Izindonga zesisu zikhipha amafinyila amaningi, eziwavikela emiphumeleni ye-hydrochloric acid.
3. Transportation. Ukudla okuxutshiwe kungena kusuka esiswini kuya emathunjini amancane.
Kusuka esiswini, ukudla kudlulela engxenyeni engenhla yamathumbu amancane - i-duodenum. Lapha ukudla kuvezwa ujusi kwamanyikwe nama-enzyme wamathumbu amancane, ingculaza ekugayweni kwamafutha, amaprotheni, nama-carbohydrate.
Lapha kudliwa kudliwe enyameni ekhiqizwa isibindi. Phakathi kokudla, i-bile igcinwa ngaphakathi gallbladder. Ngenkathi idliwa iphushelwa ku-duodenum, lapho ihlangana khona nokudla.
Ama-bile acids ancibilikisa amanoni kokuqukethwe kwamathumbu okucishe kufane namafutha asepanini: ahlukana abe ngamaconsi amancane. Ngemuva kokuthi amafutha agayiwe, ahlukaniswa kalula ngama-enzyme abe izingxenye.
Izinto ezitholakala kuma-enzyme ahlukanisiwe zimuncwa ezindongeni zamathumbu amancane.
I-mucosa yamathumbu amancane imbozwe ngemicu emincane edala indawo enkulu kakhulu, evumela ukuthi imunce inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba.
Ngamaseli akhethekile, lezi zinto ezisuka emathunjini zingena egazini zisabalale emzimbeni wonke ukuze zigcinwe noma zisetshenziswe.
Ingxenye engadliwe yokudla ingena ngaphakathi ithumbu elikhulu ku okwenziwa ukumuncwa kwamanzi kanye namanye amavithamini. Imfucumfucu ngemuva kokugaywa kwakheka esihlalweni futhi iyasuswa unxande.
Yini ephazamisa umsebenzi wepheshana lamathumbu?
1. Imikhuba emibi: Ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala
2. Ubuthi ekudleni
3. Ukudla okungalingani
Okubaluleke kakhulu
Umgudu wamathumbu uvumela umzimba ukuthi udabule ukudla kube izakhi ezilula, ezingakha izicubu ezintsha futhi zithole amandla.
Ukugayeka kwenzeka kuzo zonke izingxenye zomgudu wamathumbu kusuka emlonyeni kuye kunxande.
Okuningi mayelana nokubuka kohlelo lokugaya ukudla kuvidiyo engezansi:
