Okuqukethwe
Ilayisi ingenye yezinhlamvu ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke etafuleni lethu, zonke izinhlobo zezitsha zelayisi zivela unyaka wonke. Nokho, bambalwa abantu abacabanga ngokuthi kukhiqizwa kuphi futhi kanjani okusanhlamvu esikuthandayo. Kodwa lokhu kuthinta ngqo ikhwalithi. Sinqume ukufunda zonke izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu nezithakazelisa kakhulu mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwerayisi kanye nophawu lokuhweba lukazwelonke.
Izimpande zibuyela ezikhathini zasendulo
Umuntu wafunda ukulima irayisi eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa edlule. Ilungelo lokubizwa ngokuthi indawo yokuzalwa kwerayisi liyaphikiswa phakathi kweNdiya neChina. Nokho, akunakwenzeka ukusungula iqiniso. Into eyodwa eqinisekile: amasimu erayisi okuqala avela e-Asia. Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, abalimi bendawo baye bazijwayeza ukutshala ilayisi ngisho nasezintabeni nasezindaweni ezincane.
Namuhla, irayisi likhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke. Futhi nakuba ubuchwepheshe besimanje buye baqhubekela phambili, zintathu kuphela izindlela ezisetshenziswayo ekulimeni kwayo. Amarisidi elayisi ahlala edume kakhulu. Ziyiziqephu zomhlaba ezibanzi, ezinesimiso esinamandla sokumpompa nokukhipha amanzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, izimpande kanye nengxenye yesiqu zicwiliswa emanzini cishe kuze kube yilapho izinhlamvu zivuthwa. Njengoba isitshalo esithanda umswakama, irayisi izizwa kahle ezimweni ezinjalo. Amarisidi elayisi asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza u-90% werayisi womhlaba, kuhlanganise naseRussia.
Indlela yokutshala irayisi echwebeni ithathwa njengeyakudala kakhulu. Ingqikithi yawo isekutheni imbewu itshalwa osebeni lwemifula emikhulu egcwele amanzi. Kodwa le ndlela ifaneleka ezinhlobonhlobo ezithile zelayisi - ngohlelo lwempande olunegatsha kanye neziqu ezinde. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zitshalwa kakhulu emazweni ase-Asia. Amasimu omile awadingi ukukhukhula nhlobo. Ngokuvamile zingatholakala ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama. IJapane neChina zidume ngamasimu anjalo, lapho imvelo ngokwayo iye yanakekela izimo ezinhle zelayisi.
Ilayisi emhlabathini waseRussia
Insimu yokuqala yerayisi ezweni lakithi yavela ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Ivan the Terrible. Khona-ke yahlwanyelwa ezindaweni eziphansi ze-Volga estuary method. Kodwa ngokusobala, ukuhlolwa kwesilingo akuzange kuhlangabezane nalokho okwakulindelwe. Ngaphansi kukaPeter I, okusanhlamvu kweSaracen (okubizwa ngokuthi irayisi okhokho bethu) kwaphinde kwaba seRussia. Kulokhu kwanqunywa ukuyihlwanyela endaweni ephuma emfuleni iTerek. Nokho, ukuvuna kwaba nesiphetho esifanayo. Futhi kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVIII, i-Kuban Cossacks yaba nenhlanhla yokubona amahlumela erayisi avulekile ezweni lawo. Izikhukhula ezinamaxhaphozi zaseKuban zaba yindawo ekahle yokutshala irayisi.
KwakuseKuban cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu nengxenye kamuva lapho isheke lokuqala lerayisi elinendawo engaba amahektha angama-60 lakhiwe. Uhlelo lwerayisi, kanjalo, lwahlelwa e-USSR yi-Khrushchev, kuma-60s. Ngama-80s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, i-acreage yayisikhule yaba amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200. Namuhla, iKrasnodar Territory isalokhu iyisifunda esihamba phambili ngokukhiqiza irayisi eRussia. Ngokusho kwedatha ka-2016, ivolumu yerayisi ekhiqizwa lapha okokuqala idlula isibalo samathani ayizigidi ezingu-1, okwaba uhlobo lwerekhodi. Futhi, ngendlela, lokhu kumelela u-84% wokukhiqizwa kwerayisi ezweni.
Indawo yesibili ekulinyweni kwerayisi ibanjwe ngokuqinile esifundeni saseRostov. Kodwa-ke, ngokuya ngevolumu yesitshalo, iphansi kakhulu kune-Kuban. Uma kuqhathaniswa, onyakeni odlule, cishe amathani erayisi ayizinkulungwane ezingu-65.7 avunwa lapha. Umugqa wesithathu wesilinganiso esingekho emthethweni uthathwa yi-Dagestan ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-40.9 elayisi. Futhi i-Primorsky Territory kanye neRiphabhulikhi yase-Adygea iqedela ezinhlanu eziphezulu.
Umkhiqizo wezinga eliphezulu
Umkhiqizi omkhulu werayisi eRussia yi-agro-industrial ephethe i-AFG National. Futhi kunezizathu eziningi ezinhle zalokhu. Cishe i-20% yezindawo zayo ezitshaliwe zihlwanyelwa minyaka yonke ngezinhlobonhlobo zembewu, enye iwela erayisini lokuzala kokuqala. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uzuze inani elifanele lentengo - isilinganiso sekhwalithi. Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukuvundisa azinawo nhlobo umthelela omubi endaweni ezungezile noma esitshalweni ngokwaso. Amakheshi okusanhlamvu nezitshalo zokucubungula zitholakala eduze kwamasimu ezitshalo.
Ukukhiqizwa kwelayisi emabhizinisini e-AFG National kuyinqubo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, elungiswe kwaze kwaba semininingwaneni yokugcina. Isebenzisa imishini yesimanje kakhulu kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili obuhlangabezana ngokugcwele nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe. Impahla eluhlaza ibhekana nokucutshungulwa okujulile kwezigaba eziningi, okuvumela ukuthi ihlanzwe ekungcoleni okuncane kakhulu. Futhi ngenxa yokugaya okuthambile, okuphumelelayo, ubuso bezinhlamvu buba bushelelezi ngokuphelele, obunomthelela omuhle kwikhwalithi yomsoco werayisi. Ukupakishwa komkhiqizo oqediwe kwenziwa ngemodi ezenzakalelayo, lapho ithonya lesici somuntu lingabandakanywa ngokuphelele.
Uchungechunge lwerayisi lomkhiqizo lukazwelonke kuphakheji ye-polypropylene yakudala engu-900 g noma engu-1500 g ihlanganisa izinhlobo zerayisi ezidume kakhulu ezenelisa ukunambitheka kwenqwaba yabathengi: irayisi eliyindilinga “laseJapane”, irayisi lezinhlamvu ezinde “Igolide I-Thailand", i-elite long-grain rice "Jasmine", irayisi elisanhlamvu eliphakathi "Adriatic", irayisi lokusanhlamvu eliphakathi "Ngokwe-pilaf", irayisi elimhlophe eligcwele okusanhlamvu "Krasnodar", irayisi elide elingapholishiwe "Impilo" nabanye.
Ngokulandela umgomo othi “kusuka enkundleni kuye ekhawuntani”, ongoti bendawo bahlezi beqapha ikhwalithi kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhiqiza. Ukunakwa okukhulu kukhokhelwa ekulawuleni izimo ezinhle ngesikhathi sokugcinwa nokuthuthwa kwerayisi. Konke lokhu kusebenza njengesiqinisekiso sokuthi ikhwalithi, umkhiqizo oqinisekisiwe uzovela etafuleni lakho.
I-AFG National Holding ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokusanhlamvu: "National", "National Premium", Prosto, "Russian Breakfast", "Agroculture", Cento Percento, Angstrom Horeca. Ngaphezu kokusanhlamvu, i-AFG National ikhiqiza amazambane emikhiqizo elandelayo: "Ukukhetha Kwemvelo", "Vegetable League".
Ukudla okunempilo komndeni kuqala ngokukhetha ukudla okufanele. I-AFG National Holding ihlale iqinisekisa ukuthi uyithola ngokusobala emashalofini ezitolo ezinkulu. Nakekela umndeni wakho nawe, ubajabulise ngezitsha zakho zelayisi eziyizintandokazi zekhwalithi engenakuqhathaniswa.