Okuqukethwe
I-Amur catfish ingeyohlelo lwe-catfish kanye nohlobo lwe-Far Eastern catfish. Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ovela ezinhlanzi ezijwayele kakhulu izakhamuzi zaseRussia yaseYurophu - i-catfish evamile, ubukhulu. Ubukhulu obukhulu be-catfish ye-Amur bubhekwa njengesisindo esingaba ngu-6-8 kg, ubude bufika ku-1 m. Kodwa ngokuvamile i-Amur catfish ifika ku-60 cm futhi inesisindo esingama-2 kg. Umbala umpunga-luhlaza, isisu simhlophe, ingemuva limnyama. Izikali azikho. Ezicini, ukuba khona kwamapheya amabili wezimpondo ezinhlanzini zabantu abadala kungahlukaniswa. Ezinganeni, umbhangqwana wesithathu ukhona, kodwa uyanyamalala ezinhlanzini ezingaphezu kuka-10 cm ubude. Kuyaphawuleka lapha ukuthi enye inhlobo ye-catfish itholakala ku-Amur basin - i-catfish ye-Soldatov. Lezi zinhlobo zaseMpumalanga Ekude zihlukaniswa yizimo zendawo yokuhlala, osayizi abakhulu (obunzima obufika ku-40 kg nobude obungaba ngu-4 m), kanye nokuhluka okuncane kwangaphandle. Ngokuqondene nezinhlobo ezichazwe (i-Amur catfish), ngokuphathelene nezinye "izihlobo", kuhlanganise ne-catfish ye-Soldatov, ikhanda nomhlathi ophansi wezinhlanzi zincane kakhulu. Kusekhona umehluko wemibala, ikakhulukazi esemncane, kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho, izinhlanzi zifana kakhulu. Imikhuba nendlela yokuphila ye-Amur catfish ifana nefomu lomhlanga we-catfish evamile (yaseYurophu). I-Amur catfish inamathela kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi zemifula nemifula. Zingena emseleni oyinhloko ngezikhathi zokwehla okunamandla kwezinga lamanzi noma lapho izingxenye zamadamu eziphila ngokujwayelekile ziba yiqhwa ebusika. I-Catfish ye-Soldatov, ngokuphambene nalokho, inamathela ezingxenyeni zesiteshi se-Amur, Ussuri namanye amadamu amakhulu. Njengezinhlobo eziningi ze-catfish, i-catfish i-Amur iphila impilo yasebusuku, iyisilwane esizingelayo. Izingane zidla izilwane ezihlukahlukene ezingenamgogodla. Ngezikhathi zokuvakashelwa kwenqwaba yezinhlanzi ezincane ezifudukayo noma ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile kwezinhlobo ezihlala phansi, kwaphawulwa ukuziphatha ngokuhlanganyela kwe-catfish. Babuthana ngamaqembu futhi bahlasele imihlambi yephunga elimnandi nokunye. Nakuba, ngokuvamile, i-Amur catfish ibhekwa njengabazingeli bodwa. Ubukhulu benyamazane bungaba ngu-20% wobukhulu bezinhlanzi ngokwazo. E-Amur, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-13 zezinhlanzi i-Amur catfish engadla kuzo. Isici esibalulekile salolu hlobo ukukhula kancane (ukukhula kancane). Inhlanzi ifinyelela ubukhulu obungama-60 cm lapho ineminyaka engu-10 noma ngaphezulu. Naphezu kokusabalala kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezisesigodini sase-Amur, kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ubukhulu nobuningi be-Amur catfish kuthonywa kakhulu izici zemvelo, njengombuso wezinga lamanzi waminyaka yonke. Endabeni yesikhathi eside samanzi aphakeme, izinhlanzi zinokunikezwa kokudla okuncishisiwe endaweni yokuhlala unomphela, okunomthelela omubi. I-Amur catfish ithathwa njengenhlanzi ethengiswayo futhi ibanjwa ngobuningi.
Izindlela zokudoba
Njengoba sekushiwo, ukuziphatha kwe-Amur catfish kufana "nezihlobo" zaseYurophu. Ukuphotha kungabhekwa njengendlela ethakazelisa kakhulu ye-amateur yokubamba le nhlanzi. Kodwa uma kucatshangelwa indlela yokudla ye-catfish, ezinye izinhlobo zokudoba zisebenzisa ama-baits emvelo nazo zingasetshenziselwa ukudoba. Abadobi abaningi basebenzisa izinto ezihlukahlukene ezingaphansi kanye nezintantayo. Izindlela zokudoba kanye nezinto zokusebenza zincike ngokuqondile kubukhulu bamachibi nezimo zokudoba. Okokuqala, lokhu kuthinta izinsimbi “zokuphonswa isikhathi eside” kanye nesisindo sezikhala zokuphotha. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ubukhulu bezinhlanzi buncane kakhulu, ukulwa okunamandla ikakhulukazi akudingekile, ngakho-ke, kulungiswe ezinye izinhlobo zaseMpumalanga Ekude, ungasebenzisa izinduku zokudoba ezifanele ukudoba kulesi sifunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kucatshangelwa izici ezihlukile zemithombo yamanzi yaseMpumalanga Ekude kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zazo, ukudoba okukhethekile kwe-Amur catfish kuvame ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa izinti zemvelo.
Ukubamba izinhlanzi phezu kwenduku yokuphotha
Ukubamba i-Amur catfish ekuphotheni, njengasendabeni ye-European catfish, kuhlotshaniswa nendlela yokuphila ephansi. Ukudoba, izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokudoba zisetshenziselwa ukudoba ama-jigging kanye nama-wobblers ajulile. Ngokwemibandela kanye nezifiso zomdobi, endabeni yokudoba okukhethekile, ungasebenzisa izinduku ezifanele zalezi zinhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okwamanje, abakhiqizi banikeza inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo enjalo. Kodwa noma kunjalo, ukukhethwa kohlobo lwenduku, i-reel, izintambo nezinye izinto, okokuqala, kuncike ekuhlangenwe nakho komdobi kanye nezimo zokudoba. Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, lezi zinhlobo azihlukani ngobukhulu obukhulu, kodwa kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukubamba izinhlanzi ezinkulu zezinye izinhlobo. Ama-anglers wendawo akholelwa ukuthi abantu abakhulu kunabo bonke basabela ezindleleni zemvelo, ngakho-ke, uma kunesifiso esinamandla sokubamba "izinhlanzi ze-trophy", kuhle ukusebenzisa imishini ehlukahlukene yokudoba "izinhlanzi ezifile". Ngaphambi kokudoba, kufanele nakanjani ucacise izimo zokudoba emfuleni, ngoba i-Amur basin kanye ne-tributaries ingahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngesifunda, futhi kakade ukhethe amagiya ahlobene nalezi zinkomba.
Amahubo
Ukukhethwa kwe-bait kuxhunywe nokukhetha kwegiya kanye nendlela yokudoba. Endabeni yokudoba, ama-wobblers ahlukahlukene, ama-spinner kanye nama-jig nozzles afaneleka ukuphotha igiya. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezimweni eziningi inhlanzi ithanda ama-baits amakhulu. Ukudoba ngaphansi nezinsimbi zokuntanta, kusetshenziswa imibhobho ehlukahlukene evela enyameni yenkukhu, inhlanzi, i-shellfish nokunye. Izilobo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa amaxoxo, izikelemu ezinwabuzelayo nezinye. Njengenhlanzi yase-Europe, i-Amur catfish isabela kahle ezilwaneni ezidla ukudla okunuka kamnandi, nakuba igwema inyama ebolile.
Izindawo zokudoba kanye nezindawo zokuhlala
I-Amur catfish ihlala ngaphansi kolwandle lwaseJapan, oluphuzi kanye naseNingizimu China. Isakazwa emifuleni, kusukela e-Amur kuya eVietnam, eziqhingini zaseJapane, naseMongolia. Ensimini yaseRussia, ingabanjwa cishe kuwo wonke umfula i-Amur: emifuleni esuka eTransbaikalia kuya e-Amur Estuary. Kuhlanganisa, enyakatho-mpumalanga mayelana. Sakhalin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-catfish ihlala emachibini ageleza ku-Amur basin, njengeLake Khanka.
Ukuzalela
Izinhlanzi zivuthwa ngokobulili lapho zineminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala. Ukuzala kwenzeka ehlobo, lapho amanzi efudumala, ngokuvamile kusukela maphakathi noJuni. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abesilisa ngokuvamile bancane kunabesifazane, kuyilapho isilinganiso sabantu ezindaweni zokuzala ngokuvamile singu-1:1. Ukuzalela kwenzeka ezindaweni ezingashoni ezigcwele izimila zasemanzini. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-catfish, i-Amur catfish ayakhi izidleke futhi ayiwagadi amaqanda. I-caviar enamathelayo ifakwe ku-substrate; abesifazane bayibeka ngokuhlukana ezindaweni ezinkulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamaqanda kuyashesha futhi izingane ze-catfish zishintshela ekudleni okudliwayo.