izinhlanzi ze-gourami

Incazelo yezinhlanzi ze-gourami

I-Gourami (i-Trichogaster) imele i-suborder Labyrinths (Anabantoidei) yomndeni we-Macropod (Osphronemidae). Izwe labo liseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Abesilisa bafinyelela ubude buka-15 cm.

Lihunyushwe lisuselwa olimini lwasesiqhingini saseJava, igama elithi “gourami” lisho “inhlanzi ekhipha ikhala layo emanzini.” Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu baseJavane abaqaphile beqaphela ukuthi emachibini abo amaningi angashoni kunezinhlanzi ezidinga ukuvela njalo ukuze zigwinye umoya. Yebo, umoya. Ngempela, phakathi kwezinhlanzi kukhona eziyingqayizivele ezingaphefumuli umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe emanzini, njengeningi lezihlobo zabo, kodwa umoya womkhathi. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu bayakwazi ukuphila cishe ezindaweni ezinodaka nasemasimini elayisi. 

I-Gourami nazo zonke izihlobo zabo zinezitho zokuphefumula eziyingqayizivele - i-labyrinth eseduze ne-gill, ngosizo lwezinhlanzi ezingaphefumula umoya. Mhlawumbe kwakungokhokho babo abake baya ezweni bayoqala ukuphila kwasemhlabeni. Ngesizathu esifanayo, umlomo we-gourami utholakala engxenyeni engenhla yekhanda - kulula kakhulu ukuthi izinhlanzi zigwinye umoya ovela phezulu futhi zidle izinambuzane eziwela emanzini ngephutha.

Ngendlela, i-gourami yeqiniso akubona ubuhle be-aquarium, kodwa izinhlanzi ezinkulu (ezifika ku-70 cm), lapho noma yimuphi umdobi waseNdiya noma waseMalaysia angakuthandi ukubamba, ngoba ziwuju lwangempela. Kodwa izinhlobo ezincane seziphenduke ukutholwa kwangempela kwama-aquarists, ngoba i-gourami iphila futhi izalela kahle ekuthunjweni futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ayidingi ukungena kwe-aquarium.

Olunye uphawu oluphawulekayo lwenhlanzi ye-gourami iyintambo ende efana ne-ventral fin, efana ne-antenna futhi yenza cishe umsebenzi ofanayo - ngosizo lwayo, lezi zakhamuzi zasezindaweni ezinodaka zazi umhlaba ngokuthinta.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ze-gourami

Kunobunzima obuningi ngokuhlukaniswa kwe-gourami. Iningi labathandi be-aquarium babiza kanjalo izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlanzi ze-labyrinth aquarium, kuyilapho izinhlobo ezi-4 kuphela ezingezona i-gourami yangempela: i-pearl, ensundu, enamabala kanye ne-marble gourami. Zonke ezinye, njengokuthi “ukugquma” noma “ukuqabula” zihlobene nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi, kodwa namanje aziwona ama-gourami eqiniso (1).

Pearl gourami (Trichogaster leerii). Mhlawumbe enhle kakhulu futhi ethandwa phakathi kwama-aquarists. Lezi zinhlanzi zingafinyelela ku-12 cm ubude, futhi zinegama lazo ngombala wazo omangalisayo: zibonakala zigcwele amaparele amaparele. Ithoni eyinhloko yenhlanzi insundu ngokushintsha kwe-lilac, amabala amhlophe nge-sheen. Umugqa omnyama ugijima kuwo wonke umzimba eduze nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi umugqa ophakathi.

Inyanga gourami (i-Trichogaster microlepis). Ayisebenzi kancane. Futhi nakuba zingekho izindawo ezikhanyayo kuwo, amazenga, anombala osiliva anombala onsomi, enza lezi zinhlanzi zibukeke njengama-phantom alukwe ngobungu obunenkungu. I-Moon gourami incane kune-pearl gourami futhi ayivamisile ukukhula ibe ngu-10 cm.

I-gourami ekhonjiwe (I-Trichogaster trichopterus). Abameleli balolu hlobo bavame kakhulu phakathi kwama-aquarists. Ikakhulukazi, futhi ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zemibala yazo. Iza ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nosagolide. Amabala amnyama ahlakazekile phezu kwengemuva elinemibala, okwenza izinhlanzi zingabonakali emahlozini ezitshalo zasemanzini.

Uhlobo oludume kakhulu kuleli fomu I-marble gourami. Ngombala, lezi zinhlanzi, ezifinyelela ubude obuyi-15 cm, zifana ngempela nemabula emhlophe enamabala amnyama. Lolu hlobo lwaziswa kakhulu abathandi bezinhlanzi ze-aquarium.

Brown gourami (I-Trichogaster pectoralis). Ipendwe kalula kunabazalwane okukhulunywe ngabo ngenhla futhi, mhlawumbe, iseduze nokhokho bayo basendle. E-aquarium, ikhula ibe ngu-20 cm, kodwa endle inkulu kakhulu. Eqinisweni, ayisiliva ngombala anomugqa omnyama emzimbeni, kodwa anombala onsundu (2).

Ukuhambisana kwezinhlanzi ze-gourami nezinye izinhlanzi

I-Gourami ingenye yezinhlanzi ezinokuthula kakhulu. Ngokungafani nezihlobo zabo eziseduze, ama-bettas, abathambekele ekuhleleni izimpi zokubonisa futhi balungele ukuba ngabangane nanoma yimuphi umakhelwane ku-aquarium. Okuyinhloko ukuthi bona, nabo, ababonisi ubudlova, bengazami ukulimaza izihlobo ezinobungane. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukungatshali ngezinhlanzi ezinolaka ngokungananazi.

Ukugcina izinhlanzi ze-gourami ku-aquarium

I-Gourami ayiyona into ebhekwa njengezinhlanzi zabaqalayo, ngoba ziyakwazi ukusinda cishe kunoma yiziphi izimo. Into eyinhloko ukuthi amanzi akufanele abande (uma kungenjalo lezi zakhamuzi zasezindaweni ezishisayo ziba buthakathaka futhi zingase zibambe umkhuhlane) futhi akukho lutho oluvimbela ukuba zintante phezulu ukuze zigwinye umoya. Kodwa i-compressor empompa umoya-mpilo emanzini ayidingeki ikakhulukazi ku-gourami.

Ukunakekelwa kwezinhlanzi ze-Gourami

I-Gourami kulula kakhulu ukuyinakekela futhi izojabulisa abanikazi bayo isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, uma belandela imithetho eyisisekelo.

Umthamo we-aquarium

I-Gourami ayifuni kakhulu emanzini amakhulu. Emhlambini wezinhlanzi ezingu-6 - 8, i-aquarium engama-40 l ifanelekile (3). Uma ivolumu incane, kuzodingeka ushintshe amanzi njalo ukuze angangcoliswa imikhiqizo yokubola kokudla okungadliwanga - okungenani i-1/1 yomthamo we-aquarium kufanele ivuselelwe okungenani kanye ngesonto, kuyilapho ngokucophelela. ukuhlanza phansi ngepayipi. Amanzi kumele aqale avikelwe.

Ukuze kube lula ukuhlanza, kungcono ukubeka amatshe amatshe aphakathi nendawo noma amabhola engilazi anemibala eminingi ngaphansi kwe-aquarium. UGourami uthanda izitshalo zasemanzini ukuze acashe kuzo, ngakho tshala izihlahla ezithile.

Ukushisa kwamanzi

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-gourami ihlala emachibini angajulile, afudumele ilanga, ngakho-ke, bayozizwa bengcono emanzini afudumele. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu lifinyelela ku-27 - 28 ° C. Ezimweni zamafulethi, lapho kungabanda khona ngenkathi engekho, kungcono ukufaka izifudumezi ezengeziwe. Akunakusho ukuthi emanzini, izinga lokushisa elingu-20 ° C kuphela, izinhlanzi zizofa, kodwa ngeke neze zikhululeke.

Yini ongayondla

Gourami kukhona omnivorous ngokuphelele. Kodwa, lapho ukhetha ukudla kubo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi imilomo yalezi zinhlanzi mincane kakhulu, ngakho ngeke ikwazi ukuluma izingcezu ezinkulu. Ukudla okuphilayo okuphakathi kuyabafanele: i-bloodworm, i-tubifex, noma ama-flakes agayiwe ngaphambili, asevele equkethe konke okudingekayo empilweni yezinhlanzi.

Ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlanzi ze-gourami ekhaya

Uma unquma ukuthola inzalo ezinhlanzini zakho, okokuqala udinga ukuthola i-aquarium ekhethekile yevolumu encane (cishe amalitha angama-30). Umhlabathi awudingeki lapho, ukungenisa umoya nakho akudingeki, kodwa amagobolondo ambalwa noma ama-snags nezitshalo ezintanta phezulu zizofika kahle. 

I-Gourami iyakwazi ukuzalanisa lapho ineminyaka engaba ngu-1. Umbhangqwana ofuna ukuthosa kuwo kufanele utshalwe ku-aquarium elungisiwe. Udinga ukuthela amanzi amancane lapho - angabi ngaphezu kuka-15 cm, kodwa kufanele afudumale kunase-aquarium enkulu.

Osekusele wukubuka lo mdlalo omangalisayo. Zombili izinhlanzi zizama ukuzibonakalisa zisuka ohlangothini olungcono kakhulu: umbala wazo ukhanya kakhulu, zisakaza amaphiko azo ngokudelela futhi zibukise phambi komunye nomunye. Futhi-ke ubaba wesikhathi esizayo uqala ukwakha isidleke segwebu. Kusetshenziswa amathe, amabhamuza omoya nezingcezu ezincane zezitshalo. Khona-ke i-gourami yesilisa ibeka ngokucophelela iqanda ngalinye ebhodweni elihloselwe lona. 

Kodwa-ke, i-idyll ihlala kuze kube yilapho i-fry izalwa. Emva kwalokhu, kungcono ukutshala owesilisa, ngoba ngokuzumayo ukhohlwa yonke imisebenzi kayise futhi angase avule ngisho nokuzingela izingane.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Uphendule imibuzo yama-aquarists mayelana nokuqukethwe kwe-gourami umnikazi wesitolo sezilwane u-Konstantin Filimonov.

Imithombo ye

1. Grebtsova V.G., Tarshis M.G., Fomenko G.I. Animals in the house // M .: Great Encyclopedia, 1994
2. Shkolnik Yu.K. Izinhlanzi zase-aquarium. Complete Encyclopedia // Moscow, Eksmo, 200
3. Rychkova Yu. Idivayisi kanye nomklamo we-aquarium // Veche, 2004