Okuqukethwe
| Igama | I-Тернеция (Gymnocorymbus) |
| umndeni | I-Haracin |
| Origin | i-South America |
| Ukudla | I-Omnivorous |
| Ukukhiqiza | Ukuzalela |
| ubude | Kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane - kufika ku-4,5 - 5 cm |
| Ubunzima bokuqukethwe | Kwabaqalayo |
Incazelo yenhlanzi yameva
I-Ternetia (Gymnocorymbus) ingeyomndeni wakwaCharacidae. Laba bomdabu emifuleni eshiswe yilanga yaseNingizimu Melika babizwa nangokuthi “izinhlanzi ezigqoke iziketi.” Iqiniso liwukuthi i-anal fin yabo yinhle kangangokuthi ifana ne-crinoline yengubo yebhola yentokazi ehloniphekile. Futhi ameva anemibala emnyama athola ngisho nesidlaliso esibi "umfelokazi omnyama we-tetra", nakuba empeleni lezi zinhlanzi zinokuthula kakhulu, futhi igama libonisa kuphela ingubo yazo enesizotha.
Ekuqaleni, ama-aquarist athandana nalezi zinhlanzi hhayi kakhulu ngokubukeka kwazo, kodwa ngenxa yokuzithoba kwazo kokuqukethwe. Njengoba basuswa emachibini abo omdabu bayiswa esitsheni sengilazi, bazizwa bebahle futhi baze bakhiqiza kahle. Umumo omuhle oyindilinga nosayizi omncane wenze i-blackthorn yaba enye yezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zezinhlanzi zase-aquarium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, namuhla kuye kwafuywa izinhlobo eziningana zalezi zinhlanzi, okuthi, ngokungafani namanondescript, ezikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngombala omuhle kakhudlwana (1).
Izinhlobo kanye nezinhlobo zameva ezinhlanzi
Endle, ameva anombala ohlakaniphile - ampunga anemigqa emine emnyama evundlile, owokuqala odlula esweni. Izinhlanzi ezinjalo zisengatholakala ezindaweni eziningi ezihlala emanzini. Kodwa-ke, ukukhetha akumile, futhi namuhla izinhlobo eziningi zameva ezikhanyayo nezinhle ziye zakhuliswa.
Ternetia vulgaris (Gymnocorymbus ternetzi). Izinhlanzi eziyindilinga ezimpunga ezinemigqa emine evundlayo emnyama kanye nezimpiko eziluhlaza. Enye yezindawo zokuhlala ezingathobeki kakhulu ze-aquarium.
Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlobo, izinhlobo eziningana ezithakazelisayo ziye zazalaniswa:
- Iveyili ameva - ihlukaniswa ngamaphiko amade: i-dorsal ne-anal, futhi labo abazoba nalobu buhle obuhle kufanele bakhumbule ukuthi amaphiko abo amancane abuthakathaka kakhulu, ngakho-ke akufanele kube khona ama-snags abukhali nezinye izinto ku-aquarium abangaziphula;
- Ameva e-Azure - ekuboneni kokuqala, ingadideka ne-albino, kodwa umbala une-tint bluish, njengoba kwenzeka ezinhlanzi zasolwandle, njenge-herring, ezihamba ngolimi lwabashayeli bezimoto, lo mbala ungabizwa ngokuthi "i-blue metallic";
- I-Albino (Ikhekheba Leqhwa) - ameva amhlophe qhwa, angenawo umbala omnyama futhi, ngokufanelekile, imivimbo. Yena, njengawo wonke ama-albino, angase abe namehlo abomvu;
- I-Caramel - efana ne-Snowflake, kodwa ine-hue ekhilimu futhi ifana ngempela namaswidi - i-caramel noma i-toffee, iwumkhiqizo okhethiwe, ngakho-ke isengozini kakhulu kunezihlobo zayo zasendle;
- I-Glofish - lo mkhiqizo wobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo ungumhlobiso wangempela we-aquarium, zakhuliswa ngokufaka izakhi zofuzo ze-coelenterates ezihlala emigodini yamakhorali ku-DNA yameva asendle, okuholela ezinhlanzi ezinemibala engavamile kakhulu yezilwane zasendle, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-aniline noma “i-acid”: okuphuzi okubenyezelayo, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okunsomi, okusawolintshi okukhanyayo - umhlambi wezinhlanzi ezinjalo ufana nokusakazwa kwamaswidi anemibalabala (2).
Ukuhambisana kwezinhlanzi zameva nezinye izinhlanzi
I-Ternetia yizilwane ezihlala ngendlela emangalisayo. Kepha ayasebenza impela futhi angakwazi "ukuthola" omakhelwane ku-aquarium: basunduze, baxoshe. Kodwa ngokungathí sina, ngeke balethe noma iyiphi ingozi kwezinye izinhlanzi.
Nokho, azinakutshalwa nezilwane ezidla ezinye ezisobala ezivame ukuluma amaphiko ezinye izinhlanzi, ngaphandle kwalokho “iziketi” eziluhlaza zameva zingase zihlupheke.
Ukugcina izinhlanzi zameva ku-aquarium
Zonke izinhlobo zameva, ngisho ne-GloFish engavamile, zifanelekile ukuqala ukuzalanisa izilwane ezifuywayo zasemanzini. Okokuqala, zihle kakhulu, futhi okwesibili, azihambisani ngokuphelele nokwakheka kwamanzi, noma izinga lokushisa, noma ngisho nomthamo wendawo yokuhlala. Ngaphandle kokuthi ukufakwa komoya kanye nezitshalo ku-aquarium kufanele kube yimpoqo. Ngomhlabathi, kungcono ukusebenzisa amatshe anemibala eminingi, kodwa isihlabathi ngeke siphazamiseke, njengoba sizodonswa ku-tube lapho sihlanzwa.
Kungcono ukuqala ameva amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngoba lokhu kuyinhlanzi yesikole ezizwa kangcono ngokwengqondo enkampanini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuwabuka, uzobona ngokushesha ukuthi ngamunye wabo unesimo sakhe, futhi ukuziphatha kude nokungasho lutho.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Thornfish
Iqiniso lokuthi ameva angenye yezinhlanzi ezingenasizotha akusho ukuthi awadingi nakancane ukunakwa. Yiqiniso, lokhu kuyadingeka, ngoba baseyizidalwa eziphilayo.
Isethi encane yokunakekelwa ihlanganisa ukushintsha amanzi, ukuhlanza i-aquarium kanye nokudla. Futhi-ke, kuyadingeka ukugcina izinhlanzi kanye nezimo ezihlala kuzo: izinga lokushisa, ukwakheka kwamanzi, ukukhanya, nokunye.
Umthamo we-aquarium
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ameva ayakuthanda ukuhlala emhlambini, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuqala ishumi nambili lalezi zinhlanzi ezinhle ngesikhathi esisodwa. I-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha angama-60 ifaneleka kubo, ukuze inkampani yezinhlanzi ibe nendawo yokubhukuda.
Akunakushiwo ukuthi uma inani lendawo yokuhlala lincane, izinhlanzi zizofa. Abantu bangaphila futhi ezindlini zemindeni emincane, kodwa wonke umuntu uzizwa engcono ezindlini ezivulekile. Kodwa, uma kwenzeka ukuthi ameva akho ahlala e-aquarium encane, qiniseka ukuthi ushintsha amanzi kuwo kaningi - okungenani kanye ngesonto.
Ukushisa kwamanzi
Njengoba bengabantu bomdabu emifuleni eshisayo, ameva azizwa kangcono emanzini afudumele namazinga okushisa angama-27 - 28 ° C. Uma amanzi epholisa (isibonelo, ngenkathi epholile, lapho kubanda ngaphandle, futhi amafulethi angakashisi okwamanje. ), izinhlanzi ziba buthakathaka, kodwa azifi. Ziyakwazi impela ukusinda ezimweni ezimbi, ikakhulukazi uma uziphakela kahle.
Yini ongayondla
I-ternetia yizinhlanzi ze-omnivorous, zingadla kokubili ukudla kwezilwane nemifino, kodwa kungcono ukuthenga ukudla okulinganiselwe kwe-flake ezitolo, lapho konke sekukhona kakade ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinhlanzi. Ama-flakes nawo alula ngoba imilomo yameva itholakala phezulu komzimba, futhi kulula kakhulu ukuba baqoqe ukudla emanzini kunangaphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-flakes angachotshozwa kancane ezandleni zakho, ukuze kube lula ukuba izinhlanzi ezincane zibambe. Kodwa-ke, lapho ameva ekhula, enza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu ngama-flakes amakhulu - inqobo nje uma enikeza. Ezinhlotsheni ezinemibala eminingi, izifunzo ezinezithasiselo zokuthuthukisa umbala zifaneleka kahle.
Kuhle kakhulu uma kunezitshalo zemvelo ku-aquarium - ameva ayakuthanda ukuzidla ngoba akukho lutho olungenziwa phakathi kokuphakelwa.
Udinga ukunikeza ukudla izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku ngenani elinjalo ukuthi izinhlanzi zingadla ngokuphelele ngemizuzu emibili.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlanzi zameva ekhaya
I-Ternetia izalela ngokuzithandela ku-aquarium, into esemqoka ukuthi isikole sakho kufanele sibe nezinhlanzi zabo bobabili ubulili. Amantombazane avamise ukuba makhudlwana futhi aminyene, kuyilapho abafana benephiko elide neliwumngcingo.
Uma insikazi izozala, yona kanye nobaba ongaba khona kufanele bahlaliswe kabusha endaweni ehlukile ye-aquarium. I-Ternetia izalela amaqanda amnyama, ngokuvamile afika ku-1000 amaqanda e-clutch. Izingane zichanyuselwa phakathi nosuku. "Esibhedlela sokubeletha" kufanele kube nezitshalo eziningi lapho i-fry ingafihla khona ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila. Baqala ukuzondla ngokwabo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kuphela ukudla okufanele kube okukhethekile - ukudla okuthosiwe kungathengwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezilwane ezifuywayo.
Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile
Emibuzweni yama-aquarists mayelana nokuqukethwe kwameva, wasiphendula umnikazi wesitolo sezilwane u-Konstantin Filimonov.
Imithombo ye
- I-Romanianshin G., u-Sheremetiev I. Isichazamazwi-reference aquarist // Kyiv, Harvest, 1990
- Shkolnik Yu.K. Izinhlanzi zase-aquarium. Complete Encyclopedia // Moscow, Eksmo, 2009