Ukwephulwa kwe-copyright Ezweni Lethu ngo-2022

Ukwephulwa kwe-copyright kuyindaba ebucayi engaholela ngisho nasekubopheni ubugebengu. Indlela i-copyright esebenza ngayo Ezweni Lethu ngo-2022 - siyithola kanye nochwepheshe

Isithombe esishicilelwe ngaphandle kwemvume, siboleka iculo lomunye umuntu, sikhipha izinto zokusebenza ngaphansi kophawu lokuthengisa “ongelona iqiniso” – konke lokhu kuwukwephulwa kwe-copyright. Ezweni Lethu, nasemhlabeni wonke, lo mkhuba utholakala yonke indawo. Abantu abaningi baye bezwa ngempahla yengqondo, kodwa akubona bonke abantu abazi ukuthi abephula umthetho bangashushiswa futhi banxeshezelwe. Ake sikhulume ngezindlela zokuvikela abanikazi be-copyright, sikutshele ukuthi ungasilungiselela kanjani isimangalo sokwephulwa kwe-copyright Ezweni Lethu ngo-2022.

Yini i-copyright

I-copyright ingamalungelo engqondo yomuntu ngamunye noma inhlangano esemthethweni emisebenzini yesayensi, imibhalo kanye nobuciko.

Futhi, i-copyright iqoqo lezinkambiso zomthetho ezilawula ubudlelwano mayelana nokudalwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi ethile.

Okusho ukuthi, i-copyright iqondwa ngokuqondile njengeqiniso lokuthi impahla yengqondo eyomuntu othize, noma njengomkhakha wezomthetho odingida izindaba eziphathelene nempahla yengqondo.

Izici ze-copyright Ezweni Lethu

I-copyright ihlanganisa ini?	Emisebenzini yesayensi, izincwadi nezobuciko. Imisebenzi yesayensi isho ububanzi obubanzi kakhulu: kusukela kokusungulwayo kanye nezinhlelo ze-IT kuya ekuzuzweni kokuzalanisa kanye nemininingwane yolwazi
Imaphi amalungelo umbhali womsebenzi onawo?	Okukhethekile, ilungelo legama lombhali, ilungelo lobunikazi, ilungelo lokungaphulwa komthetho kanye nokushicilelwa komsebenzi. Kwezinye izimo, kunamalungelo enkokhelo yomsebenzi wenkonzo, ilungelo lokukhumbula, ilungelo lokulandela kanye nokufinyelela emisebenzini yobuciko obuhle.
Ubude be-copyright obukhethekile	Kusukela eminyakeni emi-5 kuye kwengama-70. Kuya ngesiqephu esithile. Isibonelo, kumadizayini wezimboni isikhathi esifushane kakhulu iminyaka emi-5, ezincwadini namafilimu eside kunazo zonke iminyaka engama-70. Ngaphezu kwalokho, endabeni yezincwadi (hhayi izincwadi kuphela!) Isikhathi sibalwa kusukela ngonyaka olandelayo ngemva kokufa komlobi. Ilungelo livumelekile ngesikhathi sokuphila kombhali, kodwa futhi - hhayi ngayo yonke imisebenzi
Umbhali unalo nini ilungelo lomsebenzi?	Ngesikhathi sokudalwa kwayo
Idokhumenti eyinhloko elawula i-copyright	Ingxenye yesine ye-Civil Code ye-Federation
Ubani ongaba umnikazi we-copyright	Abantu ngabanye kanye nezinhlangano ezisemthethweni
Izindlela zokuvikela ukwephulwa kwe-copyright	Idiphozithi, uphawu lwe-copyright, icala, amaphoyisa

Isihloko sokwephulwa kwe-copyright

Ikhodi yokuphatha (CAO RF) ine-athikili 7.12¹. Ku-Criminal Code (Criminal Code of the Federation) kukhona i-athikili 146² ngokwephulwa kwe-copyright namalungelo ahlobene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku-Civil Code of the Federation, i-athikili 1301³ uthi uma kwenzeka kwephulwa ilungelo elikhethekile lomsebenzi, umbhali noma omunye umnikazi wamalungelo angase afune amademeshe noma isinxephezelo.

Isibopho sokwephulwa kwe-copyright

Ukuphatha

Ngaphansi kwe-athikili 7.12 ye-Code of Administrative Offences of the Federation, bangathweswa icala lokwephulwa kwe-copyright, amalungelo ahlobene, okusungula kanye namalungelo obunikazi. Kodwa uhlu lwezimo abangajeziswa ngazo lulinganiselwe.

Ngenisa, ukuthengisa, ukuqasha noma okunye ukusetshenziswa okungekho emthethweni kwamakhophi emisebenzi noma amaphonogram ngenjongo yokwenza imali. Okusho ukuthi, bazama ukwenza imali ngempahla yobuhlakani yomunye umuntu. Ngasikhathi sinye, amakhophi emisebenzi kufanele abe ngomgunyathi noma aqukathe ulwazi olungamanga mayelana nabakhiqizi, izindawo abakhiqizwa kuzo, kanye nabanikazi be-copyright namalungelo ahlobene. Isibonelo esilula: ukuthengiswa kwezicathulo nezingubo ezinezimpawu zomkhiqizo, lapho inkampani yabanikazi be-copyright ngokwayo ingenzi lutho.
Ukusetshenziswa okungekho emthethweni kokusungulwayo, imodeli yensiza noma idizayini yemboni. Isibonelo: usosayensi wathola ilungelo lobunikazi lokwazi, kodwa ngokusho kwemidwebo yakhe, ukukhululwa kokusungulwa kwaqalwa ngaphandle kwesidingo.
Ukudalula ngaphandle kwemvume yombhali wengqikithi yokusungulwa, imodeli yensiza noma idizayini yemboni ngaphambi kokushicilelwa okusemthethweni kolwazi olumayelana nakho. Isibonelo: ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwe-smartphone entsha, abangaphakathi bazama ukuvuza isithombe sedivayisi kunethiwekhi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka Ezweni Lethu, umuntu angaba necala ngaphansi kwalesi sihloko. Nakuba phesheya, impahla yengqondo ivikelwe ngokuqinile, ngakho-ke amafemu nawo abopha abangaphakathi.
Ukunikezwa kobunikazi noma ukuphoqelelwa ekubhaleni ngokubambisana.

Lesi sihloko sijeziswa ngenhlawulo. Inani eliphezulu lincike ekutheni ubani ophule umthetho. Umuntu ngamunye uzokhokha ama-ruble angama-2000, izikhulu - kufika kuma-ruble angama-20, nezinhlangano ezisemthethweni - ama-ruble angama-000. Inkantolo ingase inqume ukushaqa izimpahla zomgunyathi.

Amacala okuphatha ekwephulwa kwe-copyright adingidwa yizinkantolo zendawo yonke. Umthetho wemikhawulo yamacala anjalo unyaka owodwa.

Criminal

Ngaphansi kwe-athikili 146 ye-Criminal Code of the Federation, bazojeziswa:

ukuvezwa kobunikazi (ukukopa);
ukusetshenziswa okungekho emthethweni kwezinto ze-copyright noma amalungelo ahlobene;
ukutholwa, ukugcinwa, ukuthuthwa kwamakhophi omgunyathi emisebenzi noma amaphonogram ngenhloso yokuwadayisa.

Izimo kuphela eziholela ekulimaleni okukhulu kumbhali noma omunye umnikazi we-copyright eziwela ngaphansi Kwekhodi Yobugebengu. Umonakalo ongabonakala njengomkhulu, izinkantolo zinquma ngezimo zecala ngalinye. Isibonelo, kusukela enanini lomonakalo wangempela, inzuzo elahlekile, inani lemali engenayo etholwe umephuli.

Isijeziso singaba inhlawulo efinyelela kuma-ruble angama-200, umsebenzi wokuqondisa izigwegwe noma oyimpoqo. Okunzima kakhulu ukukopela - kuze kube yizinyanga eziyisithupha zokuboshwa, ukusetshenziswa ngokungemthetho kanye nomgunyathi - kuze kube yiminyaka emibili ejele. Umthetho wemikhawulo yobugebengu iminyaka emibili. Ngemva kwalesi sikhathi, umephuli mthetho ngeke esajeziswa.

Ingxenye ehlukile ye-athikili igqamisa ubugebengu bokusetshenziswa okungekho emthethweni kwezinto ze-copyright, kanye nazo zonke izenzo ezithengiswayo ngezimpahla zomgunyathi, uma:

zenziwe yiqembu labantu ngokuhlanganyela;
umenzi wobubi wasebenzisa isikhundla sakhe esisemthethweni;
umonakalo ubonwe njengomkhulu kakhulu - ngaphezu kwama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-1.

Kulokhu, owephula umthetho uzobhekana nomsebenzi ophoqelelwe, inhlawulo efinyelela ku-500 ruble, futhi iminyaka eyisithupha ejele. Isijeziso sinqunywa yinkantolo. Umthetho wemikhawulo kuleli cala iminyaka eyishumi.

Izindlela zokuvikela i-copyright

Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokuzivikela ekwephuleni i-copyright Ezweni Lethu.

Faka uphawu ©

Kubizwa ngokuthi i-copywrite - "copyright" kusuka esiNgisini. I-Civil Code yethu ithi:

"Ukwazisa ngelungelo elikhethekile lomsebenzi okungowakhe, umnikazi welungelo lobunikazi unelungelo lokusebenzisa uphawu lokuvikela ilungelo lobunikazi, olubekwe ekhophini ngayinye yomsebenzi" (Isigaba 1271 se-Civil Code of the Federation)⁴.

Ikhodi ichaza uphawu "lwe-copyright" kanje: incwadi yesiLatini C embuthanweni, eduze kwegama noma isihloko somnikazi we-copyright, kanye nonyaka wokushicilelwa kokuqala komsebenzi.

Vula izincwadi zesimanje zabashicileli abakhulu futhi uzobona uphawu olunjalo ekhasini lesihloko, ekhasini elingemuva, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nasezihlokweni zekhasi. Thatha imiyalelo yezinto zikagesi zasendlini futhi uthole lapho “i-copyright”, uphawu lophawu kanye nombhalo othi “Wonke amalungelo agodliwe”.

Into embi eyodwa: uphawu lwe-© alulona uhlobo oluthile lwesipelingi oluzonikeza ukuvikelwa okuthembekile kwempahla yakho yengqondo. Kunalokho, kuyisinyathelo sokuvimbela. Futhi uma noma kunjalo umsebenzi wakho webiwa, kuyoba lula kuwe ukufakazela ubunikazi - phela igama lakho kanye ne- © bekusempahleni yengqondo.

Idiphozi ye-copyright

Lokhu ukulungiswa kwedokhumentari yobuqambi. Kukhona amarejista asebenzela ukuvumela abanikazi be-copyright ukuthi babhalise impahla yabo yengqondo. Isibonelo, amahhovisi obunikazi kanye nezinhlangano zamalungelo obunikazi. Imvamisa lawa ngamahhovisi aphathekayo, kepha ngo-2022 kuba nezinsiza ezengeziwe ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokukhosela eziku-inthanethi. Isibonelo: wabhala ingoma, wayilayisha, wakhokhela ikhomishini - wathola isitifiketi. Kuthe uma bebona ukuthi kunomuntu ontshontshe umculo wakho, baya enkantolo nalobu bufakazi bafakaza icala labo.

Isinxephezelo sokwephulwa kwe-copyright

Ngenhla sikhulume nge-Article 1301 ye-Civil Code ye-Federation. Ithi ngenkantolo kungenzeka ukubuyisela kusuka ku-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-10 kuya ku-5 million isinxephezelo sokwephulwa kwempahla yengqondo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukulungiselela icala enkantolo - esifundeni, uma unengxabano nomuntu ngamunye, futhi ekuxazululeni - uma umephula umthetho eyinhlangano esemthethweni. Enkantolo, kuzodingeka uphikisane nenani lesinxephezelo futhi ufakazele ukuthi unamalungelo akhethekile emsebenzini.

Ukuletha esibophweni sokuphatha nobugebengu

Uma isimo sokwephulwa kwe-copyright siwela ngaphansi kwemibandela esiyichaze esigabeni Sesibopho Sezomthetho Sokuphulwa Kwe-copyright, ungangeza umephuli wezinkinga. Mayelana nesakhiwo sokuphatha secala, vula icala enkantolo. Emacaleni obugebengu, gcwalisa umbiko wamaphoyisa.

Usilungiselela kanjani isimangalo sokwephulwa kwe-copyright

Nquma ukuthi udinga usizo lwezomthetho

Esigabeni sokuqala somzabalazo wempahla yengqondo, udinga ukunquma: ingabe wenza ngokwakho futhi ucela usizo lwabachwepheshe? Ummeli yizindleko ezengeziwe zezezimali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ulondoloze isikhathi somuntu siqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma izindaba ze-copyright ziwumsebenzi wommeli, uyazi i-algorithm esebenzayo yokubhala, ukufaka isimangalo nokusifakazela. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngommeli onekhono kuzokwazi ukubhekana nokuphulwa kwe-copyright ngaphandle kokuletha icala enkantolo.

Rekhoda ukwephulwa komthetho

Ngaphambi kokufaka icala, kufanele ube nobufakazi bokuthi umsebenzi wakho uyaphindwa, uyathengiswa, ukhonjiswa ngaphandle kwesidingo. Awukwazi ukuya enkantolo, uvule isithombe ocingweni lwakho bese uthi: “Lapha, bantshontshe isithombe sami!” noma “Thengisa umkhiqizo wami ngaphansi kwelogo yabo.” Uzodinga ukuya ku-notary ukuze uqophe iqiniso.

Lungiselela isimangalo sangaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala

Ezinkantolo ezinezinhlangano ezisemthethweni, lokhu kuwumkhuba oyimpoqo. Okuqukethwe okuyinhloko kwesimangalo sangaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala esinamandla phinda isimangalo esiya enkantolo. Umhlanganisi wayo ngokunengqondo futhi ehlelekile ubeka ingqikithi yesimangalo, uchaza izimo. Iletha ekunakekeleni kophula umthetho ahlose ukummangalela, ichaza ukuthi kungani umthetho wephulwa, futhi ekupheleni kwesimangalo ikhombisa izidingo zomephuli. Isibonelo, khokha isinxephezelo, susa isithombe, yeka ukuhweba nokwenza umgunyathi, shicilela ukuhoxiswa, nokunye.

Faka icala

Uma ungayitholanga impendulo esicelweni sangaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala noma impendulo ingakufanelanga, thatha zonke izincwadi ozibhalela ummangalelwa, uqoqe bonke ubufakazi bese ufaka isimangalo enkantolo.

Isitatimende ngokwaso siyisihloko se-iceberg. Lungela ukufakazela izimo obhekisela kuzo njengesisekelo sezimangalo zakho. Njengoba inqubo iqhubeka, kuyodingeka ukuthi kwenziwe izicelo zokubuyiselwa kobufakazi, ukuhlolwa kwabo, ucwaningo, ukufakwa kobufakazi obengeziwe, ukubiza ofakazi, ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuzimele, nokunye.

Izibonelo zokwephulwa kwe-copyright

1. I-ejensi yezokuvakasha yanquma ukuhlobisa isayithi labo ngesithombe esihle sezwe. Umphathi wakhe wokuqukethwe ubone isithombe esihle enkundleni yezokuxhumana. Uhlaka lwalandwa futhi lwasetshenziselwa ukuklama kwekhasi labo. Umbhali wesithombe ngemuva kwesikhashana wabona umsebenzi wakhe. Wacelwa imvume.

2. Isiteshi se-TV sisakaza amavidiyo omculo futhi safaka izingoma njengesizinda somsindo ezindabeni zaso. Abaphathi be-copyright bezingoma - ilebula lomculo - bathole ngalokhu. Njengoba kwakungavunyelwananga ngama-royalty nabo, bamangalela.

3. Unjiniyela wokuklama indawo yokuhlala uthumele umsebenzi wakhe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ukuze amakhasimende angaba khona akwazi ukuhlola iphothifoliyo yakhe. Intshisekelo kumaphrojekthi ayizange iboniswe kuphela ngamakhasimende, kodwa nangabancintisana nabo. Sithathe imidwebo, sayithumela kuwebhusayithi yethu futhi sethula umkhankaso wokukhangisa ngale mifanekiso. Umbhali wempahla yengqondo ucasulwe ukukopela wabe esefaka icala.

4. Umklami wezinsiza zabesifazane wayedume ngamamodeli akhe amagilavu. Isitayela sakopishwa ngokuphelele ngusomabhizinisi, waqala ukuthunga okufanayo futhi adayise esitolo sakhe. Umklami wefashini wathukuthela, wenza ukuthenga kokuhlolwa, wayala ukuhlolwa kwemikhiqizo. Ufune inkantolo ukuthi ivimbele usomabhizinisi ukuthi athengise amagilavu omklamo wakhe, kanye nowephula umthetho - akhokhe isinxephezelo.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Imibuzo ephendulwa yi-CEO yenkundla ye-inthanethi ye-IPLS Andrey Bobakov.

Isiphi isinxephezelo esifanele sokwephulwa kwe-copyright?

- I-Civil Code ichaza ukuthi ngomsebenzi, umbhali noma omunye umnikazi we-copyright unelungelo lokufuna:

- isinxephezelo senani lama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi kuya kwezigidi ezinhlanu (enqunywa ngokubona kwenkantolo ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lokwephulwa komthetho);

- kabili izindleko zamakhophi omsebenzi mbumbulu;

– kabili izindleko zelungelo lokusebenzisa umsebenzi, ezinqunywa ngokusekelwe enanini.

Ungazi kanjani ukuthi i-copyright iphuliwe?

- Uma okunye kwalokhu okulandelayo kwenzeke ngaphandle kwemvume yakho, cishe kukhona ukwephulwa kwe-copyright yakho.

– Sithole izithombe zakho kumagazini, ku-inthanethi esizeni sokuthengisa, isitoko sezithombe.

- Engosini yokuxhumana nabantu, sihlangabezane nokuthunyelwe okucishe kukopishe ngokuphelele inothi elivela kubhulogi yakho.

Othile uthumele ividiyo oyishuthe ku-YouTube.

- Umuntu oqhudelana naye esizeni sakhe wethula izixazululo zakho zokuklama njengezakhe.

- Ingoma yakho ivele kuvidiyo yomunye umbhali.

- Ubhale incwadi, umshicileli akazange ayithathe, futhi ngokushesha indlu efanayo yokushicilela yashicilela umsebenzi okukhumbuza kakhulu owakho.

- Unelungelo lobunikazi bolwazi, futhi inkampani yasebenzisa imidwebo ngaphandle kwemvume yakho, yaqala ukukhiqiza nokuthengisa umkhiqizo.

Yini okungekona ukwephulwa kwe-copyright?

- Kwezinye izimo, izinto ze-copyright zingasetshenziswa ngaphandle kwemvume yomnikazi we-copyright futhi akukho mholo okhokhelwayo. Isibonelo esilula: ukucaphuna amagama avela engomeni njengengcaphuno noma ukwenza umdlalo othile ngepheya. Lokhu ngeke kubhekwe njengokwephulwa komthetho we-copyright. Kukhona nohlu lwalokho okungahlanganiswa yi-copyright:

– idokhumenti esemthethweni yezinhlangano zombuso, isibonelo, imithetho, izinsiza zezinkantolo;

- izimpawu zombuso - amafulegi, amajazi ezikhali, ama-oda;

– inganekwane – ubuciko bomdabu, ngokwencazelo, ayaziwa futhi ayinabo umbhali othile;

- imiyalezo yolwazi - uhlelo lwezokuthutha, izindaba zosuku, inkomba yohlelo lwe-TV;

- imiqondo, izimiso, imibono, izindlela, izixazululo zezinkinga zobuchwepheshe kanye nenhlangano;

- okutholakele namaqiniso;

- izilimi zokuhlela;

- ulwazi lwezesayensi yemvelo mayelana nengaphakathi lomhlaba.

Ubani ongaxhumana naye esimweni sokwephulwa kwe-copyright?

— Thintana nommeli osebenza ngokukhethekileyo emacaleni okuphulwa kwempahla yengqondo, lungiselela isimangalo sangaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala kanye necala. Uma kufanele, gcwalisa umbiko wamaphoyisa.

Imithombo ye

https://legalacts.ru/kodeks/KOAP-RF/razdel-ii/glava-7/statja-7.12/
http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_10699/b683408102681707f2702cff05f0a3025daab7ab/
https://base.garant.ru/10164072/33baf11fff1f64e732fcb2ef0678c18a/
http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_64629/8a1c3f9c97c93f678b28addb9fde4376ed29807b/