Ukuvikelwa kwe-copyright Ezweni Lethu ngo-2022

Akwanele ukusungula nokudala okuthile, kubalulekile futhi ukunakekela ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo akho okukopisha asetshenzisiwe. Izinto zihamba kanjani nalokhu Ezweni Lethu ngo-2022 - ezintweni zethu

I-copyright ingamalungelo engqondo emisebenzi yesayensi, izincwadi nezobuciko (imidwebo, izithombe, izithombe, njalonjalo). I-copyright nayo itholakala emidwebeni, kumamephu, kusizindalwazi.

Kukhona nencazelo yesibili ye-copyright - njengendilinga elawula isici esingokomthetho sobudlelwane bomnikazi welungelo lobunikazi nomhlaba wonke.

Isibonelo esilula sokuvikelwa kwe-copyright ngo-2022: othile uthumele isithombe sentatheli ngaphandle kwemvume, futhi ufuna ukuvikela ilungelo lakhe lobunikazi esithombeni. Isibonelo, ukufuna isinxephezelo noma ukususwa kwesithombe esisetshenziswa se-inthanethi.

Izici ze-copyright Ezweni Lethu

Impahla yobuhlakani	Imisebenzi yesayensi, izincwadi nezobuciko; Izinhlelo ze-IT kanye nesizindalwazi; ukusebenza kanye namaphonogram; ukusakaza izinhlelo zomsakazo noma zikamabonakude; okuqanjiwe, amamodeli awusizo kanye nemiklamo yezimboni; izimpumelelo zokukhetha; i-topology yamasekethe ahlanganisiwe; izimfihlo zokukhiqiza, nazo ziyakwazi; amagama okuhweba, izimpawu zokuhweba kanye nezimpawu zesevisi; izinkomba zendawo, izibizo zemvelaphi yezimpahla; ukuqokwa kwezohwebo
Ubudlelwano be-copyright namanye amalungelo	Amalungelo obuhlakani awancikile elungelweni lobunikazi namanye amalungelo endawo
Ngubani umbhali	Isakhamuzi umsebenzi waso wokudala odale umphumela. Uma umsebenzi wokudala ubuhlangene (abantu ababili noma ngaphezulu basebenze), khona-ke ababambiqhaza babizwa ngokuthi ababhali ababambisene
Ubani ongathathwa njengombhali	Umuntu ongazange enze umnikelo womuntu siqu wokudala ekudaleni umphumela. Ababhali ababoni labo abanikeze kuphela usizo/usizo lobuchwepheshe, lokubonisana, lokuqondisa, lwenhlangano noma lwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ukuba semthethweni kwelungelo elikhethekile lomsebenzi (izincwadi, amafilimu)	Phakathi nokuphila kombhali kanye neminyaka engama-70 ngemva kokufa kwakhe (kubalwa kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, unyaka nonyaka wokufa). Kukhona okuhlukile kulabo abashicilelwe ngaphansi kwegama-mbumbulu, abacindezelwe, omakadebona beMpi Yezwe Yesibili, futhi uma umsebenzi washicilelwa okokuqala ngemuva kokushona kombhali.
Ubude besikhathi selungelo elikhethekile lokucula (kumaciko, abaqhubi, abaqondisi besiteji)	Kuyo yonke impilo yomculi, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-50. Ukubalwa kwehle kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari wonyaka olandelayo umnikazi welungelo lobunikazi enze, aqophe noma abike ngawo ukusebenza komsebenzi.
Ubude besikhathi selungelo elikhethekile lokuxhumana ngomsakazo noma ukusakaza kukamabonakude	Iminyaka engama-50, sibala kusukela mhla lu-1 kuMasingana wonyaka olandela unyaka okwasakazwa ngawo umlayezo
Ukufaneleka kwelungelo elikhethekile lephonogram	Iminyaka engama-50 kusukela mhla lu-1 kuMasingana wonyaka olandela unyaka okungenwa ngawo
Ukuba semthethweni kwelungelo elikhethekile lesizindalwazi	Iminyaka engu-15 kusukela ngesikhathi umenzi eqeda ukuhlanganisa. Ukubalwa kwehle kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari wonyaka olandela unyaka wokudala. Uma i-database ibuyekezwa, khona-ke isikhathi siyavuselelwa
Ukufaneleka kwamalungelo akhethekile kokusungulwayo, imodeli yensiza, idizayini yemboni	Kusukela ngosuku lokufaka isicelo selungelo lobunikazi: iminyaka engama-20 - okusunguliwe; Iminyaka eyi-10 - amamodeli wosizo; Iminyaka emi-5 - imiklamo yezimboni
Ukufaneleka kwelungelo elikhethekile lempumelelo yokukhetha	Iminyaka engama-30 kusukela ngosuku lokubhaliswa kuRejista Yombuso Yezimpumelelo Zokuzalela Okuvikelwe, kanye namagilebhisi, isihlahla, imihlobiso, izitshalo zezithelo nezinhlobo zamahlathi - iminyaka engama-35
Ukuba semthethweni kwelungelo elikhethekile le-topology	Iminyaka eyi-10 kusukela ngosuku lokusetshenziswa kwayo kokuqala noma kusukela ngosuku lokubhaliswa kwe-topology nenhlangano yesigungu esiphezulu sombuso wempahla yobuhlakani.
Imigomo yelungelo elikhethekile lemfihlo yokukhiqiza	Isebenza inqobo nje uma ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo kolwazi kugcinwa. Ngemva kokulahlekelwa ubumfihlo, ilungelo lemfihlo yokukhiqiza liyaphela kubo bonke abanikazi be-copyright
Kwenzekani ngemva komnqamulajuqu	Umsebenzi uba isizinda somphakathi. Ingasetshenziswa ngokukhululekile ngaphandle kwemvume noma imvume yomuntu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubunikazi, igama lombhali kanye nokungaphulwa komsebenzi kuvikelwe. Ezincwadini zakhe zefa, izincwadi, idayari, umbhali angase avimbele ukushicilelwa kwemisebenzi yakhe

Umthetho we-copyright

Ngo-1993, Izwe Lethu lashaya umthetho¹ “Ku-copyright Namalungelo Ahlobene”. Manje isiphelelwe amandla. Nakuba abanye ngephutha basaqhubeka nokubhekisela kulo mbhalo. Yathathelwa indawo enye yezingxenye ze-Civil Code - ingxenye yesine². Iqukethe ama-athikili angaphezu kuka-300 achaza futhi alawula izici eziningi ze-copyright.

Ungafunda futhi mayelana nesibopho sezomthetho sokwephulwa kwe-copyright KuKhodi Yamacala Okuphatha (CAO RF). Isigaba 7.12³ ichaza ukuthi yisiphi isijeziso esilindele umaphuli mthetho welungelo lobunikazi kanye namalungelo ahlobene, ozimisele ngokwenza imali engenayo, kanye nezijeziso zokusetshenziswa okungekho emthethweni kokusungulwayo, imodeli yensiza noma idizayini yemboni.

Plagiarism that caused major damage to the author of the original (more than 100 thousand rubles), as well as the illegal use of copyright objects, the acquisition, storage, transportation of counterfeit copies for sale on a large scale – all this is regulated by the Criminal Code (Criminal Code of the Federation). Penalties are described in article 146⁴.

Izindlela zokuvikela i-copyright

Uphawu lwe-copyright

Lolu uhlobo lwesilinganiso sokuvimbela. Umnikazi we-copyright kufanele azise wonke umuntu ukuthi lo msebenzi unombhali. Ukwenza lokhu, i-Civil Code ithi ukubeka kukhophi ngayinye yomsebenzi uhlamvu lwesiLatini "C" kumbuthano (©). Enkulumweni ye-colloquial, lesi sibonakaliso sibizwa ngokuthi "copyright" - ukulandelela iphepha kusuka ku-English copywrite, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi "copyright". Eduze kuka-© udinga ukubeka igama noma amagama omnikazi welungelo lobunikazi futhi ubonise unyaka wokushicilelwa kokuqala komsebenzi.

I-“Copyright” izosiza ekuvikeleni ilungelo lobunikazi uma kwenzeka icala. Umuntu noma inkampani esebenzise umsebenzi ngaphandle kwemvume ayikwazi ukusho ukuthi ayikwazanga ukukhomba umbhali noma ibingazi ukuthi la malungelo awomuntu othile. Nakuba uma i- © ingekho, lokhu ngeke kusalokhu kube izaba zomephuli wecala.

Idiphozi ye-copyright

Okusho ukuthi, ukulungiswa kwayo kwe-documentary. Ukufaka imali kuyindlela yokulungisa amalungelo okushicilela emisebenzini yezincwadi, isayensi nezobuciko. Kuyacaca ukuthi ngaphansi komthetho amalungelo ombhali avela ngesikhathi sokudalwa komsebenzi. Kodwa ezimeni eziyizingxabano, isibonelo, enkantolo, kuzodingeka ubonise ukuthi ungumdali.

Ukuphikisana okuqinile ukubhala ukuthi lona umsebenzi wakho. Ideposition yenziwa izinhlangano ezikhethekile.

Ukuthola isinxephezelo sokwephulwa kwe-copyright

Civil Code (Article 1301 of the Civil Code of the Federation)⁵ ithi uma i-copyright yakho yephulwa, unelungelo lokufuna kulowo ophule umthetho:

ukukhokha amademeshe;
noma isinxephezelo.

Umthetho uchaza ngisho nenani lesinxephezelo inkantolo engasinikeza - kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10 kuya ku-5 million. Yiqiniso, ngo-2022 le "mfoloko" yenani iyabonakala⁶ okungahambisani noMthethosisekelo. Kodwa lawa ama-nuances angokomthetho ahlobene nezingxabano nosomabhizinisi ngabanye enkantolo. Noma kungaba njalo, isisulu sokwephulwa komthetho sinelungelo lokufuna isinxephezelo.

Ukuletha umephuli kusibopho sokuphatha

To help article 7.12. Code of Administrative Offenses of the Federation⁷. Amacala anjalo acutshungulwa yizinkantolo zombuso jikelele. Icala lingafakwa enkantolo yesifunda uma ummangalelwa engumuntu oyedwa. Uma ibhizinisi elisemthethweni, bese kuya kulamula.

Ukuletha umthwalo wemfanelo wobugebengu

For this there is article 146 of the Criminal Code of the Federation⁸.Kodwa kubalwa kuphela uma umonakalo omkhulu udalwe kumnikazi welungelo lobunikazi.

Umonakalo ongabonakala njengomkhulu, izinkantolo zinquma ngezimo zecala ngalinye. Isibonelo, kusukela ebukhoneni kanye nenani lomonakalo wangempela, inani lenzuzo elahlekile, inani lemali engenayo etholwe ngumuntu ngenxa yokwephulwa kwamalungelo akhe emiphumeleni yomsebenzi wobuhlakani noma izindlela zomuntu ngamunye.

Lesi sihloko siphinde sijezise ukusetshenziswa okungekho emthethweni kwezinto ze-copyright noma amalungelo ahlobene. Futhi ukuthengwa, ukugcinwa, ukuthuthwa kwamakhophi emisebenzi mbumbulu noma amaphonogramu athengiswayo. Kodwa nomonakalo kumele ube mkhulu.

Futhi enye i-nuance ebalulekile: isimiso semikhawulo ecaleni iminyaka emibili. Okusho ukuthi, ngemva kweminyaka emibili kusukela ngesikhathi sobugebengu, umenzi wobugebengu akanakujeziswa. Lesi sihloko sibuye sibe nesigaba sesithathu, esijezisa into efanayo, kodwa kakade iqembu labantu, uma umonakalo usezingeni elikhulu kakhulu (kusuka kuma-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-1) noma isigebengu sasebenzisa isikhundla sakhe esisemthethweni. Khona-ke isimiso semikhawulo iminyaka eyishumi.

Inqubo yokuvikela ilungelo lobunikazi enkantolo

Xhumana Nommeli Welungelo Lobunikazi kanye Nomthetho Ohlobene

Yiqiniso, ungenza konke ngokwakho. I-Civil Code inengxenye enkulu (ingxenye 4), enikezwe ilungelo lobunikazi. Kumelwe kuthenjelwe kuyo. Uma ungakakulungeli ukucwila esihlokweni, kungcono ukuthi uqale ngokushesha ukwenza ngokuhambisana nabachwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ummangalelwa uzokwazi ukubuyisela izindleko ezitholwe ummeli.

Lungisa ukuphulwa

Isibonelo esilula: isithombe sakho sishicilelwa kunethiwekhi ngaphandle kwemvume - udinga ukuya kummeli ukuze uqinisekise isithombe-skrini sesikrini. Kwezinye izindawo zokuvikelwa kwe-copyright, kungase kudingeke ukuthenga okuvivinyayo. Isibonelo, uma inkampani yebe umdwebo wombhali ukuze isungulwe futhi ikhiphe izimpahla ezithengiswayo ngokwalezi zinhlelo.

Ukulungiswa kwangaphambi kwecala

Ngaphambi kokufaka isimangalo, kufanele uthumele isimangalo kumphulaphuli. Futhi ugcine ikhophi yesibili. Umzamo wokulungisa ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo enkantolo yokulamula uyimpoqo.

In addition, in the Civil Code of the Federation (in paragraph 3 of paragraph 5.1. Article 1252)⁹ kukhona ukucaciswa okubalulekile. Inqubo yesimangalo esiyisibopho ayisebenzi ezingxabanweni:

mayelana nokuqashelwa kwelungelo;
ekucindezelweni kwezenzo eziphula ilungelo noma ukudala usongo lokwephulwa kwayo;
ekuthathweni kwabathwali bezinto ezibonakalayo lapho umphumela womsebenzi wobuhlakani noma indlela yomuntu ngamunye uvezwa;
ekushicilelweni kwesinqumo senkantolo mayelana nokwephulwa okwenziwe;
ekuhoxisweni ekusabalaliseni nasekucekeleni phansi amathuluzi, okokusebenza noma ezinye izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu noma ezihloselwe ukwephula amalungelo akhethekile.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma umnikazi welungelo lokukopisha lencwadi ethola ukuthi inkampani ethile yokunyathelisa inyathelisa umsebenzi ngaphandle kwemvume, akudingekile ukuba abhalele lowo owephulile isimangalo ngomlayezo othi: “yeka ukwenza lokhu.” Ungathintana nenkantolo kanye namaphoyisa ngokushesha.

Kwezinye izimo, uma isimangalo sidwetshwe ngendlela efanele, uzoba nabo bonke ubufakazi bokuphulwa komthetho ezandleni zakho, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi uvikele amalungelo akho okushicilela ngaphandle kokuya enkantolo. Umhlukumezi angavuma ngokushesha ukuthi unephutha esimweni futhi aye ezingxoxweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, gcina zonke izincwadi - kuzodingeka zihanjiswe enkantolo uma umenzi wecala engafuni ukuya enkulumweni.

Faka isicelo enkantolo

Uma kungenzeki ukuxazulula ingxabano ngaphandle kwenkantolo:

faka isimangalo enkantolo ukuze uthole isinxephezelo sokwephulwa kwamalungelo akhethekile emiphumeleni yomsebenzi wobuhlakani;
apply to the Ministry of Internal Affairs about the illegal actions of the violator, followed by bringing to administrative and/or criminal liability (Article 146 of the Criminal Code of the Federation, Article 7.12 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Federation).

Ngemva kwecala

Uma ukwazile ukunqoba icala, okungukuthi, isinqumo sokuvikelwa kwe-copyright senziwe esivuna wena, khona-ke ngenyanga sizoqala ukusebenza. Kodwa-ke, enye yezinhlangothi ingase ifake isicelo sokuphikisa isinqumo ngalesi sikhathi. Kodwa uma kungekho sikhalazo, khona-ke udinga ukuthola incwadi yokubulawa. Uma ummangalelwa engakwenzanga lokho obukufuna (isinxephezelo, ukususwa kwezinto, nokunye), xhumana nabasizi benkantolo (FSSP).

Isimangalo sesampula

Isimangalo kufanele sifake:

kunhlokweni: igama lenkantolo lapho isicelo sithunyelwa khona, igama lommangali, indawo ahlala kuyo, igama lommangalelwa, indawo yakhe, inani lesimangalo;
engxenyeni echazayo: tshela ngesimo samanje nazo zonke izimo zokwephulwa komthetho, futhi ubhale uhlu lobufakazi bakho;
engxenyeni yokugqugquzela: chaza kulokho osekela izimangalo zakho, mayelana ne-copyright, udinga ukucaphuna izihloko ezivela ku-Civil Code;
Izidingo Zomphendulayo: bonisa imiphumela oyifunayo, isibonelo, ukukhokhela inani le-N, futhi ususe izinto ezibonakalayo noma uyeke ukuyisebenzisa;
uhlu lwemibhaloenamathiselwe esicelweni sakho.

Isicelo kumele sihanjiswe enkantolo kanye namakhophi ngokwenani labamangalelwa. Uhlu lwemibhalo kufanele futhi lukopishwe.

Nasi isibonelo sesimangalo sokusebenzisa kabi okungenzeka.

В [igama lenkantolo]

Ummangali: [idatha]

Ophendulayo: [idatha]

Isitatimende sesimangalo

[Idatha yophendulayo] ukusetshenziswa ngokungemthetho [bonisa into ye-copyright]engiwumbhali wayo.

[ngosuku olunjalo nalolo] Ngithole ukuthi [kukhonjisiwe, kukhonjisiwe, kusatshalaliswa, kudayiswe, njll.]. nakuba ngingazange nginikeze imvume yami kulezi zenzo.

According to Part 1 of Art. 1229 of the Civil Code of the Federation, a citizen or legal entity that has the exclusive right to the result of intellectual activity or to a means of individualization (right holder) has the right to use such a result or such means at its own discretion in any way that does not contradict the law. The right holder may dispose of the exclusive right to the result of intellectual activity or to the means of individualization (Article 1233), unless otherwise provided by this Code.

Umnikazi welungelo, ngokubona kwakhe, angavumela noma avimbele abanye abantu ukuthi basebenzise umphumela wobuhlakani noma izindlela zokuzenzela umuntu. Ukungabikho kokuvinjelwa akubhekwa njengemvume (imvume).

Abanye abantu akumele basebenzise imiphumela ehambisanayo yomsebenzi wobuhlakani noma izindlela zokuzenzela umuntu ngaphandle kwemvume yomnikazi welungelo, ngaphandle kwamacala ahlinzekwe yile Khodi. Ukusetshenziswa komphumela womsebenzi wobuhlakani noma izindlela zomuntu ngamunye (okubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwazo ngezindlela ezihlinzekwe yile Khodi), uma ukusetshenziswa okunjalo kwenziwa ngaphandle kwemvume yomnikazi welungelo, akukho emthethweni futhi kubandakanya isikweletu esisungulwe yile Khodi, eminye imithetho, ngaphandle kwamacala lapho ukusetshenziswa komphumela womsebenzi wobuhlakani noma izindlela zomuntu ngamunye ngaphandle komnikazi welungelo, ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe, kuvunyelwe yile Khodi.

[It is also appropriate to quote other provisions of the Civil Code of the Federation that relate to the essence of your claim]

NGICELA:

alulame kusuka [imininingwane yomphenduli] isinxephezelo sokwephulwa kwelungelo elikhethekile enanini le [faka inani];
vala [imininingwane yomphenduli] Spread [isihloko somsebenzi] futhi ulethe wonke amakhophi ayo kummangali.

Izicelo:

[uhlu lwamadokhumenti owanamathisela esimangalweni]

[usuku, isiginesha, okulotshiweyo]

Qaphela ukuthi kunzima ukusebenzisa isimangalo esiyisampula ngaphandle kolwazi emkhakheni wezomthetho we-copyright nomthetho ohlobene.

Ngesikhathi sokuqulwa kwecala, ummangali kufanele afakazele izimo abhekisela kuzo njengesisekelo sezimangalo zakhe. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela eminye imibhalo yenqubo: izicelo zokubuyiselwa kabusha, ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kobufakazi, ukufakwa kobufakazi obengeziwe, ukubiza ofakazi, ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa okuzimele, njalonjalo. Akunakwenzeka ukulindela ukuthi ukuvikelwa kwe-copyright kuzokhawulelwa ekufakeni icala kuphela.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Imibuzo ephendulwa yi-CEO yenkundla ye-inthanethi ye-IPLS Andrey Bobakov.

Ubani ophethe ukuvikelwa kwe-copyright?

- Ummeli ogxile ezinkantolo mayelana ne-copyright kanye nomthetho ohlobene, ovikela imiphumela yomsebenzi wobuhlakani kanye nezindlela ezilinganayo zokuzenzela.

Iziphi izindlela ezikhona zokuvikela amalungelo okukopisha okungezona ezokwahlulela?

– Thumela isimangalo kulowo owephula umthetho ngokulandelana kwesixazululo sengxabano. Ungaphendukela ekuxazululeni, ekuxazululeni noma ekuxazululeni (inhlangano yezomthetho engekho ngaphansi kombuso exazulula izingxabano zomphakathi). Kwezinye izimo, isibonelo, uma i-copyright ingazange ibhaliswe ngaphambili, kungaba kuhle ukufaka isicelo ku-Rospatent ukuze uthole imibhalo yetayitela.

Ubani olawula i-copyright?

- Azikho iziphathimandla ezilawulayo ze-copyright Ezweni Lethu. Kunezinhlangano ezahlukahlukene ezifaka ama-copyright futhi ziqaphe ukwephulwa. Umbhali uqapha ukwephulwa kwemithetho eyedwa, noma uphendukela enkampanini ekhethekile. Uma othile ephule amalungelo, umbhali angafaka isimangalo, isikhalazo egameni lomephula umthetho kanye / noma kuziphathimandla eziqondisayo ukuze abone umuntu futhi amise izenzo ezingekho emthethweni zomephula umthetho, okulandelwa ukubuyiswa kwesinxephezelo. .

Ngingathola kanjani ukuthi ubani umnikazi we-copyright?

– Indlela elula ngemibhalo. Ungabona ekhasini lesihloko somsebenzi ukuthi ubani umbhali wawo. Noma xhumana nomshicileli. Uma umbhalo ushicilelwe kusayithi, bhalela umlawuli, umongameli ngesicelo. Kunzima kakhulu ngomculo, kodwa nalapha ungabheka ulwazi ngensizakalo yokusakaza noma uthinte isitudiyo nomnikazi we-copyright. Ngeminye imisebenzi kuba nzima nakakhulu. Ukuthola umbhali wedizayini, umsunguli we-microcircuit noma idizayini yemboni, noma impumelelo yokukhetha idinga ucwaningo olunzulu. Ukuze ungabi umephuli, kungcono ukungaboleki omunye umuntu.

Umthombo

http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_2238/
https://base.garant.ru/10164072/7d7b9c31284350c257ca3649122f627b/
https://legalacts.ru/kodeks/KOAP-RF/razdel-ii/glava-7/statja-7.12/
http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_10699/b683408102681707f2702cff05f0a3025daab7ab/
https://base.garant.ru/10164072/33baf11fff1f64e732fcb2ef0678c18a/
https://base.garant.ru/71563174/#block_102
http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_34661/38ae39c9c4f9501e2c080d13ff20587d2b8f5837/
https://base.garant.ru/10108000/0c5956aa76cdf561e1333b201c6d337d/
https://rulaws.ru/gk-rf-chast-4/Razdel-VII/Glava-69/Statya-1252/