Ungayithola kanjani imali mboleko ngesikweletu esibi ngo-2022

Amabhange, izinhlangano zezimali ezincane (ama-MFIs) kanye namadlelandawonye wezikweletu akudingekile ukuthi achazele amakhasimende ukuthi kungani kunqatshelwe ukubolekwa imali. Kodwa ngokuvamile ungezwa kubaphathi: “Unomlando omubi wezikweletu.” Futhi-ke umuntu odinga imali uwela ogwini.

Mhlawumbe akakaze abolekise kulesi sikhungo, kodwa wonke umuntu uyazi ngaye. Noma wathola izikweletu, wakhokhelwa ngesikhathi esingafanele, futhi kwafika kulokhu. Amaphutha ezezimali esikhathi esidlule awawona umusho. Sizokutshela kanye nochwepheshe ukuthi ungayithola kanjani imali mboleko enomlando omubi wesikweletu ngo-2022 kumhlahlandlela wethu wesinyathelo nesinyathelo sabafundi.

Uyini umlando wesikweletu

Umlando wezikweletu (CI) isethi yedatha equkethe ulwazi mayelana nazo zonke izimali mboleko ezikhishwe ngaphambilini kanye nemalimboleko yamanje yomuntu. Idatha igcinwa ehhovisi lemilando yezikweletu - i-BKI. Ulwazi olukuzo kufanele ludluliselwe yiwo wonke amabhange, ama-MFI kanye nama-credit cooperatives.

Umthetho Womlando Wezikweletu¹ Ilokhu isebenza kusukela ngo-2004, kodwa ihlale inezelwa futhi icwengisisiwe. Bakwenza kube lula kubantu namabhange. Okungamangazi, ngoba ziyanda izikweletu ezithathwayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi izikhungo zezezimali zihlole ngokunembile isithombe somboleki ukuze ziqonde ukuthi ziyamboleka noma zenqabe. Futhi abantu banohlobo lwedokhumenti yomuntu siqu lapho ungahlola khona izikweletu zakho.

Amarekhodi ku-BCI agcinwa iminyaka eyisikhombisa - ngenkokhelo ngayinye yekhredithi futhi kusukela ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwayo kokugcina. Ake sithi wagcina ukuboleka imali ngo-2014, wakhokha isikweletu sakho izinyanga ezimbalwa, kwathi ngo-2022 wabuya uzothatha imali. Umbolekisi uzohlola umlando wakho wesikweletu kodwa angaboni lutho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngeke akwazi ukuthembela emlandweni wezikweletu futhi kuzomele athathe isinqumo esisekelwe kwezinye izinto.

Esinye isibonelo: umuntu wathatha imali ebolekiwe ngo-2020 futhi wavumela ukubambezeleka kwezinkokhelo. Kwathi ngo-2021 ngathola enye imali ebolekiwe. Ngo-2022, waphendukela ebhange ukuze athole entsha. Wathumela isicelo ku-BKI futhi wabona isithombe esilandelayo: kwakukhona ukubambezeleka, kusekhona isikweletu esisele. Isikhungo sezezimali singakwazi ukuzitholela isiphetho ngokwaso: kuyingozi ukunikeza imali kumboleki onjalo.

Isikweletu esibi yitemu elihlobene. Awekho amazinga afanayo nemithetho yokuthi yimuphi umboleki ozofaka ohlwini oluvinjelwe ngokusekelwe kudatha evela ku-BCI, nokuthi iyiphi azosebenza nayo. Ibhange elilodwa lizobona ukuthi ikhasimende elingase libe nekhasimende libe nokubambezeleka ezinkokhelweni, linezikweletu ezisilele, kodwa namanje alikubheki njengokubalulekile kulo futhi ligunyaza imali ebolekiwe. Esinye isikhungo sezezimali singase singakuthandi ukuthi umuntu wake wenza ukubambezeleka kanye, ngisho noma wabe esebuyisela yonke into.

Imibandela yokuthola imali ebolekiwe enomlando omubi wesikweletu

Ungayithola kanjani imali mboleko enomlando omubi wesikweletu isinyathelo nesinyathelo

1. Thola umlando wakho wesikweletu

Ungacela umlando wesikweletu wamahhala ku-BCI ngayinye kabili ngonyaka ku-inthanethi futhi kanye ngonyaka - okukhishwe ephepheni. Zonke ezinye izicelo zizokhokhwa - cishe ama-ruble angama-600 ngenkonzo.

Kunama-BCI amakhulu ayisishiyagalombili Ezweni Lethu (nalu uhlu lwawo kusizindalwazi seBhange Elikhulu) kanye namanye ambalwa amancane. Ukuze uthole ukuthi umlando wakho ugcinwe kuphi, yiya kuwebhusayithi Yezinsizakalo Zombuso. Emugqeni wokusesha, thayipha: “Ulwazi mayelana nama-credit bureaus”, bese uthi “Olwabantu ngabanye”. 

Phakathi nosuku - ngokuvamile emahoreni ambalwa - impendulo izovela eBhange Elikhulu. Ibala izikhungo ezigcina umlando wakho wesikweletu, abathintwayo bazo kanye nesixhumanisi sesayithi. Kubukeka kanjena:

Yiya kumasayithi, ubhalise bese ungacela umbiko. Lona umbhalo omkhulu - uma umlando wesikweletu uba mude futhi ucebile, uba nenjongo nakakhulu. Isitatimende esifanayo mayelana nomuntu ongase abe umboleki sitholwa izikhungo zezezimali lapho isicelo semalimboleko sitholwa.

Ubukeka kanje umbiko womlando wesikweletu we-United Credit Bureau:

Idizayini ingase ihluke, kodwa ingqikithi iyafana kuwo wonke umuntu.

Umlando wezikweletu ukhombisa ukuthi ikhasimende likhokhe kanjani eminyakeni eyisikhombisa edlule, ukuthi kube nokubambezeleka, ngayiphi inyanga futhi isikhathi esingakanani.

2. Bheka amaphuzu akho esikweletu

Ukwenza kube lula nakakhulu ukuthi amabhange enze izinqumo, umuntu ngamunye orekhodwa kuma-credit bureaus unikezwa amaphuzu. Kubizwa nge-Individual Credit Rating (ICR). Ikalwe kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-999 amaphuzu. Manje isikali sesihlangene, nakuba ama-BCI angaphambili ayengasebenzisa olwawo uhlelo lokuhlola. Amaphuzu engeziwe, umboleki ekhanga kakhulu kumabhange.

Isilinganiso sesikweletu ngo-2022 singahlolwa mahhala inombolo engenamkhawulo yezikhathi. Sibukeka kanje isitatimende sokulinganisa isikweletu esivela kwa-United Credit Bureau.

Isilinganiso manje sihambisana nokucaca kwesithombe okuyisibopho. Okusho ukuthi, benza igrafu noma, njengezibonelo, uhlobo lwe-speedometer enesilinganiso. Indawo ebomvu - isho amaphuzu aphansi esikweletu kanye nomlando omubi wesikweletu. Okuphuzi - izinkomba ezimaphakathi. Indawo eluhlaza kanye nendawo eluhlaza encane ekhanyayo isho ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle futhi kuhle kakhulu.

Uma isilinganiso sakho sisendaweni ebomvu, kusho ukuthi umlando wakho wesikweletu mubi futhi ngeke kube lula ukubolekwa imali.

OKUBALULEKILE

Kunamaphutha esilinganisweni sekhredithi nakumlando wesikweletu. Ulwazi olungalungile mayelana nokubolekwa kwemali kanye nobugebengu, izicelo emabhange ongazenzanga. Kwesinye isikhathi ukunemba kungasibekela isithombe somboleki. Ungasusa imininingwane engalungile. Ukwenza lokhu, ngo-2022 kufanelekile ukuthintana nebhange elenze ukunganembile, noma i-credit bureau ngqo. Zingakapheli izinsuku eziyishumi kufanele baphendule. Kwenzeka ukuthi i-BKI ayivumi ukuthi kwenziwe iphutha. Khona-ke umuntu unelungelo lokuya enkantolo.

3. Faka isicelo sokubolekwa imali

Ummeli kanye nomxhumanisi ochwepheshe wenkampani "Financial and Legal Alliance" U-Alexey Sorokin ikhuluma ngezinketho zemalimboleko ngayinye futhi ihlole impumelelo yayo kubantu abanomlando omubi wezikweletu.

Amabhange

Ithuba lokuthola imali mboleko: liphansi

Isikhungo esikhulu sezezimali ngeke sibeke izingozi futhi sikhiphe imali kumboleki ongenangqondo. Ikakhulukazi labo abanokubambezeleka okuvulekile ngesikhathi sokufaka isicelo.

Ithiphu: uma usanquma ukuqala ngamabhange, ungathumeli izicelo kuwo wonke kanyekanye. Izicelo ziboniswa ku-BCI. Amabhange azobona ukuthi izicelo ezinkulu zamukelwe lapho - lokhu akulona uphawu oluhle kuwo. Khetha amabhange angu-1-2 athembeke kakhulu. Mhlawumbe lezo lapho wake wabolekisa khona ngaphambilini noma uvule i-akhawunti. Linda impendulo kubo. Uma wenqaba, faka isicelo kwamanye amabhange.

Ugunyaziwe? Ungathembeli emigomeni evumayo. Izinga lenzalo lizoba phezulu, futhi isikhathi sokukhokha sizoba sincane.

I-Credit consumer cooperatives (CPC)

Ithuba lokuthola imali mboleko: isilinganiso

Imifelandawonye ihlelwe kanje: abaninimasheya banikela ngezimali zabo esikhwameni esisodwa. Kuyo, abanye abanikazi bamasheya bangathatha imalimboleko yezidingo zabo. Ngaphambilini (e-USSR kanye ne-Tsarist Izwe Lethu), amalungu omphakathi kuphela, iqoqo elilodwa, aba ngabanikazi bamasheya. Manje uhlelo olufanayo lusetshenziselwa ezinye izinjongo. Isibonelo, ukwamukela ukutshalwa kwezimali kubantu nokukhipha imali mboleko.

Isebenza kanje: umboleki uza ku-PDA futhi uthi ufuna ukubolekwa. Unikezwa ukuthi abe umnikazi wamasheya. Ngokuvamile, mahhala. Manje njengoba eseyilungu lomfelandawonye, ​​useyakwazi ukusebenzisa imali yakhe. Kodwa ngokwemibandela efana nebhange - okungukuthi, ukukhokha isikweletu ngenzalo.

Qaphela lapho uthintana ne-CCP. Inhlangano engathembekile ingase isebenze ngaphansi kwalolu phawu. Hlola igama kurejista yeBhange Elikhulu² Uma kunjalo, konke kusemthethweni. Emifelandawonye, ​​iphesenti liphezulu kunasebhange, kodwa lithembeke kakhulu kubantu abanomlando omubi wezikweletu.

Izinhlangano zezezimali ezincane (MFIs)

Ithuba lokuthola imali mboleko: ngaphezu kwesilinganiso

Ezimpilweni zansuku zonke, lezi zinhlangano zibizwa ngokuthi "imali esheshayo". Bathembekile kubaboleki abaningi, kodwa okubi ukuthi imali ikhishwa ngezinga lenzalo enkulu (kufika ku-365% ngonyaka, akusanakwenzeka, njengoba iBhange Elikhulu linqume.³). Izindaba ezinhle kubantu abanezikweletu ezimbi ukuthi ama-MFI anqatshelwa kuphela ngezizathu ezinhle. Isibonelo, uma umboleki enqaba ukukhombisa ipasipoti. Umlando omubi wezikweletu awubalulekile kangako kubo.

I-Pawnshop

Ithuba lokuthola imali mboleko: liphezulu

Ama-pawnshops ngokuvamile awadingi umlando wesikweletu, njengoba athatha into yomuntu siqu njengesibambiso. Ngokuvamile, ubucwebe, izinto zikagesi, izimoto.

4. Bheka ezinye izindlela

Uma isikweletu sinqatshelwa ngenxa yesikweletu esibi, qaphela ezinye izindlela zokuthola imali.

Ikhadi lesikweletu. Ibhange lingase lingavumelani nokubolekwa imali, kodwa ligunyaze ikhadi lesikweletu. Uzoqondiswa izigwegwe ekukhokheleni isikweletu kuso futhi uthuthukise umlando wakho wesikweletu.

I-Overdraft. Le sevisi ixhunywe kumakhadi edebithi, okungukuthi, amakhadi asebhange avamile. Akuwona wonke amabhange anendawo ye-overdraft. Ingqikithi yayo: ikhono lokudlula umkhawulo wezimali ku-akhawunti. Okusho ukuthi, ibhalansi izoba yimbi. Isibonelo, ama-ruble angu-100 ayesekhadini, uthenge ama-ruble angu-3000 futhi manje ibhalansi ingama-ruble angu-2900. I-overdraft, njengamakhadi esikweletu, inenzalo ephezulu. Kufanele ikhokhwe phakathi nesikhathi esifushane, ngokuvamile phakathi nenyanga.

Ukuxhaswa kabusha kwezimali mboleko ezindala. Kwesinye isikhathi umlando omubi wezikweletu uba mubi hhayi ngenxa yobuningi bobugebengu, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi umuntu unezikweletu eziningi kakhulu. Isikhungo sezezimali singamane sesabe ukuthi ikhasimende ngeke lidonse enye imali ebolekiwe. Khona-ke kunengqondo ukuthatha imali ukuze ubuyekeze izikweletu, uvale izikweletu kwamanye amabhange ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi uhlale nesikweletu esisodwa.

5. Vumelana nayo yonke imibandela yamabhange

Ukunxephezela umlando omubi wesikweletu unga:

• ababoleka ngokubambisana nabaqinisekisi.  Okubalulekile ukuthi banakho konke ngokuhlelekile ngomlando wezikweletu futhi abantu bayavuma ukuvala imali ebolekiwe uma kwenzeka uhluleka ukukhokha;
• ukuthuthukiswa kwesithunzi kanye nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa umlando wesikweletu. Azikho yonke indawo. Okubalulekile ukuthi iklayenti lithatha imali ebolekiwe ebhange ngemibandela engathandeki. Nge-overpayment engathi sína, isikhathi esifushane. Kodwa imali encane. Uma lesi sikweletu sivaliwe, ibhange lithembisa ukwethembeka kuwe futhi ligunyaze imali mboleko enkulu;
• ibheyili. Amabhange anelungelo lokwamukela indawo ethengiswayo - amafulethi, amafulethi, izindlu zezwe - njengesibambiso. Uma umboleki engakwazi ukukhokha, into izothengiswa;
• Izinsizakalo ezingeziwe. Ibhange lingabeka imigomo yemali mboleko: uqala ikhadi lomholo nalo, uvule idiphozithi, uxhume izinsizakalo ezengeziwe. Okuvame kakhulu umshwalense: impilo, impilo, ekuxoshweni. Kuzodingeka ukhokhe ngokweqile kulokhu, mhlawumbe ngemali enikezwe ngesikweletu.

6. Inqubo yokuqothuka

Uma benganikezi nhlobo imali ebolekiwe futhi ingekho indlela yokubhekana nendala, ungangena ngenqubo yokuqothuka. Yiqiniso, eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, lapho ufaka isicelo sokubolekwa imali, kuzodingeka wazise amabhange nezinye izikhungo zezimali ukuthi awukho emthethweni. Ngeqiniso elinjalo ku-biography, kunzima ukuthola imalimboleko. Kodwa ezinye izikweletu zizosulwa, futhi ngalesi sikhathi umlando wesikweletu uzocishe uphele ngokuphelele ku-BCI - lokhu kungabhekwa njengesiqalo sokuphila kusukela ekuqaleni.

Iseluleko sochwepheshe ngokuthola imali mboleko enesikweletu esibi

Uchwepheshe we-“Financial and Legal Alliance” U-Alexey Sorokin ibala lokho okufanele ukugweme, uma kungenzeka, esimweni lapho udinga ukuthola imali ebolekiwe enomlando omubi wezikweletu.

• Thatha enye imalimboleko ukuze uvale ukubambezeleka ngenye indlela. Izimo ezintsha zebhange noma i-MFI zingase zibe ngcono nakakhulu. Ukwengeza, umthwalo wesikweletu uhlala.
• Iya ku-MFI. Izinga lingama-365% ngonyaka, izinhlawulo ezinkulu ngisho nokubambezeleka okuncane, amakhomishini azo zonke izinsizakalo. Lolu wugibe lwezikweletu okungelula ukuphuma kulo.
• Thatha imalimboleko ku-inthanethi. Eqinisweni, lawa ama-MFI afanayo. Kodwa ingozi yokuvuza idatha yakho yomuntu siqu iphezulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amasayithi omgunyathi: athola izikena zakho zamadokhumenti, amasampula esiginesha, futhi nawo asevele athatha imali ebolekiwe egameni lakho.
• Xhumana nabalamuli. Banikela ngokuthatha imali mboleko enkulu ukuze bavale ezangaphambili. Bakhokhisa iphesenti ngezinkonzo zabo. Abakuvimbi ukwenza amadokhumenti omgunyathi okuthiwa aqinisekisa iholo lomuntu okweletayo ngokwesitifiketi sasebhange kanye nentela engenayo yomuntu siqu engu-2. Akekho “ongakwazi “ukuxoxisana” nebhange, ngaphandle kwakho: abaxhumanisi ababi bomlando wezikweletu ngeke basize. Yeqa izikhangiso ezedlule ezithembisa ukususa i-CI.

Anton Rogachevsky, isisebenzi sesikhungo sokuhlaziya se-Synergy University, uchwepheshe emkhakheni wezamabhange, naye wabelane ngeseluleko sakhe.

- Amabhange angase akubheke njengomboleki ngokwethembeka nakakhulu uma uyiklayenti elidala futhi ungakaze wephule umthetho onzima ngaphambili.

Uma sikhuluma ngesimo esingenathemba, kufanele sikhulume ngezigaba zekhwalithi yemalimboleko⁴. Le nkomba itshela ibhange izinga lengozi yesikweletu emalimboleko. Uma imali ebolekiwe isesigabeni esingu-V sekhwalithi futhi ibonakala njengembi, okusho ukuthi, awuzange uyibuyisele nhlobo futhi awukwazi ukuyenza, cishe esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo, mancane amathuba okuthi uthole imali mboleko noma kuphi. Ngesigaba IV, ungathuthukisa isilinganiso sakho ngokubonisa isiyalo sokukhokha futhi wandise izinga lakho lomholo.

Umuntu onesikweletu esibi ngokuvamile kufanele abhekane nokulahlwa. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa kuwe:

• thumela ngamabomu izicelo emabhange ngethemba lokuthi amanye azothembeka kakhulu kule ndaba;
• zisebenza kuma-MFIs akhulula amaphuzu ama-negative kumabhuleki;
• xhumana nabatshalizimali abazimele.

Umlando wesikweletu ungalungiswa, kodwa inqubo ayisheshi. Ngokwesilinganiso, kuzothatha okungenani izinyanga ezingu-6-12 ukuthuthukisa umlando wakho wesikweletu. Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ukugxila ekuzikhokheleni kwezinye izikweletu zakho. Ungathatha izikweletu ezincane noma izitolimende ukuze uthenge izinto zikagesi zasendlini, amafoni, nokunye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyafaneleka ukumelana nayo yonke inkathi yokukhokha, futhi ungacimi ngaphambi kwesikhathi esimisiwe. Ngisho noma iphuma ibiza kakhulu, izothuthukisa kakhulu isilinganiso sakho sesikweletu njengomboleki.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Izimpendulo Anton Rogachevsky, isisebenzi se-Analytical Center of the University "Synergy", uchwepheshe emkhakheni wezamabhange.

Imithombo ye

1. http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_51043/
2. https://www.cbr.ru/search/?text=государственный+реестр+кредитных+потребительских+кооперативов
3. https://www.cbr.ru/microfinance/
4. https://base.garant.ru/584458/1cafb24d049dcd1e7707a22d98e9858f/
5. https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/editions/vesti/399583/12/