Kuyo yonke inkathi yanamuhla, ushokoledi oshisayo wawubhekwa njengesinye seziphuzo ezibiza kakhulu eYurophu; kungenxa yokubukeka kwayo ukuthi isiko lokukhonza indebe esosweni elikhethekile lixhunyiwe, ukuze lingachithi ithonsi le-liquid elibalulekile. I-cocoa yenziwe ngembewu yomuthi wegama elifanayo, engowomndeni wama-mallow, odabuka ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMelika. AmaNdiya asebenzise lesi siphuzo kusukela ngenkulungwane yokuqala yeminyaka AD, ama-Aztec ayekubheka njengento engcwele, enezakhiwo ezingaqondakali. Ngaphezu kwembewu kakhokho, ummbila, i-vanilla, inani elikhulu le-pepper eshisayo nosawoti bangezwa emanzini ngesikhathi sokupheka, ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakudakwa kubanda. Kwakukule ngqungquthela lapho abantu baseYurophu bokuqala, abanqobi, banambitha lesi siphuzo - "chocolatl".
Ezwekazini laseYurophu, i-cocoa yafika ekunambithekeni kwezicukuthwane, iSpain yayibusa yedwa ekusatshalalisweni kwayo isikhathi eside, kepha kungekudala yavela eFrance, eGreat Britain nakwamanye amazwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuchwepheshe bokwenza i-cocoa buye bashintsha kakhulu: esikhundleni sikasawoti, pepper kanye nommbila, baqala ukwengeza uju, isinamoni ne-vanilla. Abapheki abenza ushokoledi ngokushesha bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi kumuntu waseYurophu isiphuzo esinjalo esishisayo singcono kunamakhaza, baqala ukunezela ubisi kuso noma ukusinikeza ingilazi yamanzi. Kodwa-ke, ukutholwa okuthakazelisa kakhulu kwenziwa maphakathi nekhulu lesi-XNUMX, lapho umDashi u-Konrad van Houten ekwazi ukukhama ibhotela ku-cocoa powder esebenzisa umshini wokunyathelisa, futhi okusalayo kwakuncibilika ngokuphelele emanzini. Ukungeza lo oyela emuva empupheni kwakha ibha yoshokholethi onzima. Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa kuze kube yilolu suku ekwenzeni zonke izinhlobo zeshokoledi eqinile.
Ngokuqondene nesiphuzo ngokwaso, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
Itiye elinoshokholethi... Uma upheka, ncibilikisa i-slab evamile, engeza ubisi, isinamoni, i-vanilla, bese ushaya kuze kube yigwebu futhi uphake izinkomishi ezincane, ngezinye izikhathi ingilazi yamanzi abandayo. Ushokoledi uvame ukuthengwa ezindaweni zokudlela nezindawo zokudlela ezinhle.
Isiphuzo sikakhokho enziwe ngempuphu. Njengomthetho, kwenziwa ngobisi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kumane nje kuncibilikiswe njengekhofi eligwadluliwe obisini olufanayo noma emanzini afudumele ekhaya.
Noma imuphi umkhiqizo osuselwa ku-cocoa, kungaba ushokoledi onzima noma isiphuzo esisheshayo, uqukethe inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yezinto ezibalulekile emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi imishanguzo yemvelo: i-serotonin, i-tryptophan ne-phenylethylamine. Lezi zakhi zithuthukisa isimo sesimiso sezinzwa, zikhulule ukunganaki, umuzwa wokukhathazeka okwandayo, nokwandisa umsebenzi wengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cocoa iqukethe ama-antioxidant epicatechin nama-polyphenols, avimbela ukuguga nokwakheka kwesimila. Ngokwemaphesenti, amagremu ayi-15 kashokoledi anama-antioxidants afanayo nama-apula ayisithupha noma amalitha amathathu wejusi lewolintshi. Izifundo zakamuva zososayensi baseMünster zikuqinisekisile ukuba khona kukakhokho wezinto ezivimbela ukubhujiswa kobuso besikhumba futhi kukhuthaze ukwelashwa kwamanxeba amancane, ukushelela imibimbi. I-cocoa inothe ngokungavamile ku-magnesium, iqukethe i-potassium, i-calcium, i-sodium, i-iron, amavithamini B1, B2, PP, i-provitamin A, isiza ukujwayela umsebenzi wenhliziyo, yandisa ukunwebeka kwemithambo yegazi.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngaphezu kwezakhi eziwusizo emzimbeni, imbewu yalesi sitshalo iqukethe amafutha angaphezu kuka-50%, cishe u-10% ushukela nama-saccharides, ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kukashokoledi kungaholela ekukhuluphaleni. Isiphuzo esenziwe nge-cocoa powder asinangozi kakhulu: amafutha amaningi aqukethwe emafutheni futhi ahamba ngokukhipha. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cocoa ngobisi lwe-skim kuyisisekelo sokudla okuningi, ngoba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kugcwalisa izidingo zomzimba zezakhi zokulandelela, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwenza isikhumba nemithambo yegazi ibe nokunwebeka, okusindisa umuntu imiphumela engathandeki yokulahlekelwa isisindo ngokushesha: imithambo, ukugoqa, amabala esikhumbeni , ukuwohloka okujwayelekile kwempilo. Imikhawulo yokudla ehlanganiswe nokusetshenziswa okusesilinganisweni kwemikhiqizo kakhokho ivuselela umsebenzi wobuchopho.
Ehamba phambili emhlabeni ekuthengisweni kwe-cocoa yiVenezuela, izinhlobo zayo ezivame kakhulu yiCriolo neForastero. "I-Cryolo" iyinhlobonhlobo edume kakhulu yesiphuzo, ayizwa intukuthelo ne-asidi, ukunambitheka kwayo okuthambile kuhlanganiswe nephunga elimnandi likashokoledi. I-Forastero iyinhlobonhlobo esakazeke kakhulu emhlabeni, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yesivuno sayo esiphezulu, kodwa inokunambitheka okubabayo nokumuncu, okuphinyiswa kancane ngokuya ngendlela yokucubungula.