Izindle ezimnyama: izimbangela zalesi sibonakaliso

Indle, noma indle, ivumela umzimba ukuba ukhiphe udoti oqinile ekugayekeni kokudla nezinye izinqubo ze-metabolic. Indle ngokuvamile iqukethe amanzi angaba ngu-75-85% kanye no-20% wezinto ezomile.

Ngokuvamile umbala wabo uba nsundu, ngenxa yobukhona be-bile pigment ensundu ebizwa ngokuthi i-stercobilin ne-urobilin.

Ngezinye izikhathi umbala we-stool ungashintsha. Ukuguquguquka okumnyama okungavamile kwendle kufanele kuholele ekubonisaneni nodokotela.

Indle emnyama ezinganeni

Qaphela ukuthi ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa, indle yokuqala ephuma ngemva kokuzalwa imnyama, futhi ukungaguquguquki kwabo kufana nowoyela wokubasa. Lokhu kujwayelekile ngokuphelele: i-meconium.

Ukukhishwa kwendle emnyama, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ivumelana kangakanani (iwuketshezi noma cha), kungase kube uphawu lokopha (noma ukopha) okwenzeka ohlelweni olungenhla lokugaya ukudla, ikakhulukazi isisu.

Bese sikhuluma nge-melena noma i-melaena. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe ama-80% wokopha kokugaya ukudla atholakala kulandela i-melena.

Egazini lemilingo lendle, indle imnyama njengamalahle futhi inephunga elibi kakhulu. Umbala ubangelwa ukuba khona kwegazi eligaywe.

Ziningi izimbangela zokopha kokugaya ukudla. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• isilonda;
• ukuhlukumezeka noma ukushaqeka;
• ukukhala kwe-esophagus;
• imithambo ye-varicose ye-esophagus noma isisu;
• noma i-gastritis.

Kodwa-ke, okunye ukudla nemithi kungenza kube mnyama umbala wendle futhi kubonakale kumnyama noma kumnyama. Ngakho-ke, uma zingekho ezinye izimpawu ezikhona, indle emnyama ingase ibe ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi, phakathi kwabanye:

• izithako zensimbi;
• izidakamizwa ze-bismuth;
• amalahle acushiwe;
• i-beetroot (umbala onsomi omnyama);
• i-cuttlefish (noyinki wayo);
• i-pudding emnyama;
• isipinashi (okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka);
• noma ama-blueberries noma ama-blueberries.

Lapho iphunga lingajwayelekile, ngokuvamile asikho isizathu sokukhathazeka. Uma ungabaza, thintana nodokotela wakho.

Uma umbala omnyama uhlobene nokuthatha umuthi noma ukudla ukudla, asikho isenzo okufanele sithathwe. Konke kuzolunga ngokushesha.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba khona kwegazi eligaywe esitokisini kuwuphawu okufanele luholele ekubonisaneni okuphuthumayo.

Kunconywa ukuya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo esibhedlela uma kwenzeka i-melena, ukuze wenze ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okudingekayo ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa. Uma kwenzeka ukopha kokugaya ukudla, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa.

Imbangela yokopha iyobe isinqunywa ithimba lezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi ngu- i-gastroenterologist.

Izici ezingokomzimba nezamakhemikhali zendle zingatshela okuningi ngempilo yomuntu, ikakhulukazi, ngomsebenzi womgudu wakhe wokugaya ukudla. Ngokuphila okuyisidina nokudla okunomsoco, isitulo sizinzile, sinombala ocishe ufane, umthunzi wawo oshintsha kancane. Ukushintsha okubukhali kombala kudinga ukunakwa, njengoba kungabonisa ukuphazamiseka okukhulu emzimbeni. Kufanele uqaphele ikakhulukazi uma isitulo sishintshe umbala saba mnyama. Kwezinye izimo, lo mbala uhlotshaniswa ne-pathologies engathi sína ye-digestive tract. Ukubambezeleka ekwelashweni kwabo kungalahlekisela umuntu ukuphila.

Kufanele ibe yini indle yomuntu ophile kahle?

Ubuningi be-fecal bakheka kusuka ku-chyme (isigaxa sokudla) ngenxa yokucubungula kwayo i-enzymatic. Izinga lokuguqulwa kanye nokulinganisa kokudla lincike emsebenzini wokugaya ukudla, okubandakanya izici eziningi (umsebenzi wokukhishwa kwe-digestive tract, motility, ukwakheka kokudla). Ukwakheka kwendle kuqedwa emathunjini. Ngemuva kokucubungula okuphelele, indle ishiya umzimba ngendlela yezinto ezihlotshisiwe zemibala ehlukahlukene ensundu (kusuka kokuphuzi kuya kokumnyama). Ngokuvamile, isihlalo kufanele sibe njalo futhi nsuku zonke (kusuka izikhathi ezingu-2 ngosuku kuya ku-1 isikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-2).

Ngokushintsha kokudla nokudla, ukweqisa kwezigaba ezithile zemikhiqizo, ukusetshenziswa kokudla okungavamile, imingcele yendle iyashintsha. Kungenzeka ukushintsha umbala, ukuthungwa, iphunga, ukubukeka kwenani elincane lezinhlayiya ezingagayeki, okubhekwa njengento evamile. Lezi zenzakalo zibangelwa izici ezingavamile zokugaya kwemikhiqizo ngayinye.

Izinguquko ezingathi sína zombala nokungaguquguquki zingase zibonise ukungasebenzi kahle kwepheshana lesisu, ukukhiqizwa okunganele kwamajusi okugaya (i-hydrochloric acid, ijusi le-pancreatic, i-bile), ukungalingani kwe-microflora yamathumbu. Ukuhlolwa okunqunywe yi-gastroenterologist kusiza ukusungula izimbangela, okokuqala, i-coprogram (ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwendle) inikeza ulwazi oluningi.

Indle emnyama kakhulu iwukuchezuka kunkambiso yomzimba. Uphawu ludinga ukunakwa okuseduze kanye nocwaningo oluningiliziwe lombuzo wokuthi kungani indle imnyama. Kubalulekile ukushiya ngaphandle izimbangela ezisongela ukuphila ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Izimbangela ezingenzeka zendle emnyama?

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokushintsha umbala kwendle yilezi ezilandelayo:

• ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ethile;
• ukuthatha imithi;
• imiphumela emibi yemithi ethile;
• ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zepheshana lesisu.

Ngezansi sicabangela izici zokubonakaliswa kophawu lwembangela ngayinye efakwe ohlwini.

Ukudla kuwushintsha kanjani umbala wendle

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukucabangela ukuthi yiziphi izimo umbala omnyama wendle ongelona uphawu oluyingozi. Ukuba mnyama kwendle kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezikhethekile zokudla, ezingcolisa indle ngokuqondile noma ziguqule izakhiwo zazo ngesikhathi sokugaya. Indle ingase ibe mnyama ngokungavamile ngemva kokudla lokhu kudla okulandelayo:

• ama-beet etafuleni;
• amajikijolo amnyama (ama-blackberries, ama-currants, ama-blueberries);
• ama-prunes;
• amagilebhisi;
• ikhofi elinamandla netiye;
• ihalananda;
• utamatisi;
• inyama eyosiwe ephansi naphakathi;
• isibindi.

Ngokumelene nesizinda sokusetshenziswa kwale mikhiqizo, ukufiphala kwesitulo kubonakala ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-1-2. Isibonakaliso siqhubeka izinsuku ezingu-1-3. Ngemuva kokukhishwa komkhiqizo, indle ithola umbala ojwayelekile.

Njengomthetho, i-blackening of the feces akuhambisani noshintsho olubukhali ekuhambisaneni kwesitulo, i-excrement ihlala yakhiwe. Ngokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwemikhiqizo evusa inkanuko, umphumela we-laxative noma ukuqunjelwa kungakhula. Uma umbala omnyama we-stool uhlotshaniswa nokuba khona kokudla okuthile noma izitsha kumenyu, isimo esijwayelekile sesiguli asishintshi futhi azikho ezinye izikhalazo.

Imiphi imithi engashintsha umbala wendle

Eminye imithi iyakwazi ukuvusa ushintsho kumbala wesihlalo, kuze kube mnyama ngokuphelele. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngesikhathi sokuhamba emgudwini wokugaya ukudla, izidakamizwa zivezwa kujusi wokugaya ukudla. Lokhu kungase kuthinte izakhiwo zezinto ezisebenza nge-pharmacologically. Ukumnyama kwesitulo kubonakala lapho uthatha izidakamizwa zamaqembu alandelayo:

• i-antianemic (i-iron-based agents);
• ukumboza (amalungiselelo e-bismuth, isibonelo i-De-Nol);
• amavithamini namaminerali (ngensimbi ekubunjweni).

Uma lesi sibonakaliso sibangelwa umuthi, akukho okumele ukhathazeke ngakho. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuyeka umuthi, indle ithola umbala ovamile. Kunconywa ukuthi ufunde imiyalelo futhi uqinisekise ukuthi umkhiqizo ungashintsha umbala wendle. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akufanele kube khona ukubonakaliswa (ngaphandle kwezimpawu zesifo esiyisisekelo).

Amalahle acushiwe kanye namalungiselelo asekelwe kuwo ayakwazi ukunikeza indle umbala omnyama. Ukungcola kungenxa yokuphuma kwento ingashintshiwe emzimbeni. Njengomthetho, ngolunye usuku ngemuva kokuyeka umuthi, umbala wendle uba ojwayelekile.

Imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa

Isizathu sokwabiwa kwendle emnyama kungase kube ukuthatha imithi engavusa ukopha kwangaphakathi. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• izidakamizwa ezingekho-steroidal eqeda ukuvuvukala;
• ama-antiplatelet agents asekelwe ku-acetylsalicylic acid;
• amanye ama-antibiotics.

Kulokhu, ezinye izici zomzimba we-stool (ukuvumelana, imvamisa), kanye nenhlalakahle evamile yesiguli, zingashintsha. Izimpawu zokulahleka kwegazi kwangaphakathi ubuthakathaka, ukozela, ukugqama kwesikhumba, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukulahlekelwa ukudla, njll.

Uma muva nje umuntu ethathe izidakamizwa emaqenjini asohlwini, futhi isitulo saba mnyama ngokuzumayo, kuyadingeka ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuze kuhlolwe ukuphuma kwegazi kwangaphakathi, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kuzobekwa, ngoba. Lesi simo sidinga usizo oluphuthumayo.

Yiziphi izifo ezibangela indle emnyama

Inketho eyingozi kakhulu yindle emnyama, njengesibonakaliso sesifo esikhulayo. Kubonisa ukopha kwangaphakathi ezingeni lomminzo, isisu, noma izingxenye zokuqala zamathumbu amakhulu. Kancane kancane, igazi lingena emgudwini wokugaya ukudla ezifweni zezitho ze-ENT kanye nesistimu yokuphefumula. Umtholampilo kungenxa yokuguqulwa kwe-hemoglobin yegazi ibe yi-hemin ngaphansi kwesenzo se-gastric hydrochloric acid. Indle emnyama kumuntu ibonisa ukulahleka kwegazi okukhulu (ngaphezu kuka-60 ml), ngakho-ke ukuvakashela udokotela kuyimpoqo.

Isihlalo ngesikhathi sokuphuma kwegazi asishintshi umbala kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuvumelana. Indle iba yimbi, ibe ne-viscous futhi inamathele, ifane netiyela. Izimpawu zingase zihambisane nama-pathologies alandelayo:

• i-erosive esophagitis eyingozi;
• i-periarteritis ye-nodular;
• ukuphuka kwe-aortic aneurysm ku-lumen yamathumbu amancane;
• isisu;
• i-peptic ulcer yesisu ne-duodenum;
• I-Mallory-Weiss syndrome;
• izimila esiswini;
• umkhuhlane we-hemorrhagic;
• umkhuhlane we-typhoid;
• umkhuhlane wodenga;
• i-hemophilia;
• i-thrombocytopenia;
• isikelemu;
• i-histoplasmosis;
• ukuqina kwesibindi;
• i-acute lymphoblastic leukemia, njll.

Izinhlobo eziyingozi zokopha kwangaphakathi zihambisana nokucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza (okunobuningi obubomvu noma obunombala wekhofi), ubuthakathaka obuvamile, ukwehla komfutho wegazi, nezinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo. Ukopha kwangaphakathi ezifweni ezithathelwanayo kuhambisana nomkhuhlane, ukujuluka, ukugodola.

Uma unesinye sezifo ezibalwe noma inhlanganisela yendle emnyama ngokuwohloka okujwayelekile kwesimo sakho, kufanele ufune ngokushesha usizo esikhungweni sezokwelapha.

Ingabe indle emnyama enganeni ijwayelekile noma i-pathological?

Izifo ezivusa ukopha kwangaphakathi azivamile ukutholakala ezinganeni. Izinkinga zempilo ezingathi sína nazo ziboniswa ngokuba khona kwezinye izimpawu (umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu besisu, ubuthakathaka, ukuhlanza, njll.). Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukwelashwa kufanele kutholakale ngokushesha.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukufiphala kwendle yezingane kungenxa yemikhuba yokudla noma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi. Ngenxa yomsebenzi oncishisiwe wama-enzyme, ukugaya okungaphelele kwemikhiqizo ngayinye kanye noshintsho embala wabo ngenxa yokusebenzisana namajusi okugaya kungenzeka. Isibonelo kungaba ukukhathazeka kwabazali ngemicu emincane emnyama esitulweni, evame ukwenziwa iphutha nezimuncagazi. Empeleni lezi izinhlayiya zikabhanana ezingakagayeki ngokuphelele.

Okumnyama, okuluhlaza okotshani, isitulo ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa kuyinto evamile. Lena i-meconium noma okuqukethwe kwamathumbu, okwakhiwe ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwengane. Lapho kuqala ukusetshenziswa kobisi lukamama noma ubisi lwezinsana, indle ithola isici sombala wezinsana (isinaphi, esinsundu ngokukhanyayo noma esiphuzi).

Asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngombala we-stool ezimweni lapho ingane ithatha i-multivitamin complex noma izithako zensimbi. Ukushintsha kombala wendle kulesi simo nakho kuyinto evamile.

Indle emnyama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Izihlalo ezimnyama kowesifazane okhulelwe zingase zenzeke ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-anemia ngamalungiselelo ensimbi noma izinguquko kwimenyu. Lokhu kuyinto evamile futhi akubangeli usongo empilweni kamama noma yengane.

Lapho kuvela indle emnyama, kufanele uqaphele uma intombazane inomlando wezifo zomgudu wokugaya ukudla, isibindi noma igazi. Ukukhulelwa ngezinye izikhathi kwandisa umthwalo emzimbeni wesifazane, okungaholela ekwandeni kwama-pathologies angapheli. Ngokufiphala okungazelelwe kwendle, kuhlanganiswe nempilo engagculisi, kuyadingeka ukuthintana ne-obstetrician-gynecologist eqapha inkambo yenqubo yokukhulelwa.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma indle iba mnyama?

Indle emnyama ehlotshisiwe kumuntu omdala noma enganeni akufanele ibe yimbangela yokwethuka. Lesi simo singasingathwa ngokuzimela ngezigaba eziningana:

1. Kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya isimo somuntu okwamanje. Uma kunezimpawu ezishaqisayo, shayela i-ambulensi noma ubayise esibhedlela ngokwabo.
2. Uma isiguli sihlala ekhaya, udinga ukusibuza noma ukhumbule uwedwa ukuthi ubuzizwa kanjani emasontweni ambalwa edlule (ukuthi ngabe bezikhona yini izimpawu, noma ngabe izifo zitholakele, noma ngabe imithi yenziwe). Uma impendulo inguyebo, udinga ukuxhumana nomtholampilo. Uma umuntu ezizwa ephilile, ungadlulela esinyathelweni esilandelayo.
3. Cacisa ukuthi yimiphi imithi isiguli esiyiphuzayo njalo noma esisanda kuyiphuza. Uma usebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingavusa ukopha kwangaphakathi, kufanele uthintane nodokotela. Uma umuntu engazange aphuze noma yimuphi umuthi, ungadlulela esinyathelweni esilandelayo.
4. Hlaziya ukudla kwesiguli ezinsukwini zokugcina ezingu-2-3 (ingabe kwakukhona izinguquko ekudleni, kwakuyizitsha ezingavamile, izinongo, iziphuzo ezethulwa, kwakuwukudla okuvela ohlwini oluthile olusetshenzisiwe). Uma uxhumano nokudla kuqinisekiswa, kuyadingeka ukukhipha umkhiqizo ocasulayo futhi ulindele ukujwayelekile kwesitulo phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-1-3.

Udinga nini ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha?

Ngokumelene nesizinda sezihlalo ezimnyama, lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo akufanele zinganakwa:

• ukukhwehlela okukhulu;
• ukopha ekhaleni;
• ubuhlungu endaweni yesifuba;
• isisu esibuhlungu;
• ukunciphisa ingcindezi;
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane;
• isicanucanu, ukuhlanza;
• ukulahlekelwa ukwazi;
• ubuthakathaka;
• ukukhathala okusheshayo lapho wenza imisebenzi evamile;
• ukwanda kokushisa komzimba;
• ukujuluka;
• ukucwenga kwesikhumba.

Lapho kukhona uphawu olulodwa noma ngaphezulu ohlwini, akwamukelekile ukuhlehlisa ukuvakashela udokotela.

Yikuphi ukuhlolwa okufanele kwenziwe ngesihlalo esimnyama?

Ngenkinga yombala ongavamile wendle, kufanele uxhumane ne-gastroenterologist. Ezimweni ezinzima, usizo lukadokotela ohlinzayo luyadingeka. Uma kusolwa ukopha kwangaphakathi, ukuhlolwa kuhlanganisa izinqubo ezilandelayo:

• ukuhlolwa kwegazi (ngokuvamile umtholampilo ojwayelekile, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-coagulation kunqunywe);
• ukuhlaziywa kwendle (yenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi lemimoya, i-coprogram, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-bacteriological);
• i-endoscopy (i-esophagogastroduodenoscopy ne-colonoscopy ayivumeli nje kuphela ukucacisa indawo yokopha, kodwa futhi ukuyimisa, ukuthatha izingcezu zezicubu zokuhlaziywa kwe-histological);
• I-X-ray / i-MRI enokuthuthukiswa kokuqhathanisa (ikuvumela ukuthi uhlonze ukutholakala kwesici sokopha).

Ngomuntu siqu, uhlu lwezinqubo zokuxilonga lungalekelelwa.

Ungaya kuphi ukuthola indle emnyama?

Uma uzizwa ungaphilile, udinga ukushayela i-ambulensi 112. Uma indle emnyama ingahambisani nempilo ebuthaka, khona-ke ungathola usizo njalo esikhungweni sezokwelapha se-MedProsvet multidisciplinary. Udokotela we-gastroenterologist uzothatha i-anamnesis, enze ukuhlolwa kanye ne-palpation, futhi enze uhlelo lokuxilonga ukuze akhiphe izinqubo ze-pathological.