Okuqukethwe
Ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana ne-salmon
I-Salmon, noma i-salmon yase-Atlantic, imele ukuhleleka okufana ne-salmon, uhlobo lwe-salmon yangempela. Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo ze-anadromous kanye ne-lacustrine (amanzi ahlanzekile) zalolu hlobo ziyahlukaniswa. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidla inyama, ubude bazo obufinyelela ku-1,5 m, nesisindo - cishe ngama-40 kg. Iphila iminyaka engu-13, kodwa izinhlanzi ezivame kakhulu zineminyaka engu-5-6 ubudala. I-salmon yechibi ingafinyelela ku-60 cm ubude kanye ne-10-12 kg yesisindo. Le nhlanzi iphila iminyaka engaba ngu-10. Isici esihlukile sezinhlanzi amachashaza emzimbeni asesimweni sohlamvu X. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokudoba ama-salmon emfuleni isikhathi sokungena kwawo ngobuningi. Izinhlanzi zingena emifuleni ngokungalingani. Emifuleni ehlukene, kunezici ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa indawo, ehlotshaniswa nomhlambi wezinhlanzi ezihlala ezindaweni ezihlukene ukusuka emlonyeni, nezinye izici. Kungenzeka ukuthi uhlukanise izinhlanzi eziningi ezingena emifuleni: intwasahlobo, ihlobo nekwindla, kodwa lokhu kuhlukaniswa kunemibandela kakhulu futhi akunayo imingcele yesikhathi esiqondile. Konke lokhu kuncike kakhulu ezintweni zemvelo futhi kungahluka unyaka nonyaka. Ulwazi olunembile mayelana nokungena kwezinhlanzi ngesizini ethile lunganikezwa abadobi bendawo noma abanikazi bezindawo ezinelayisensi.
Izindlela zokubamba i-salmon
I-Salmon ibanjwa ngezinto ezihlukahlukene zokudoba, emifuleni nasolwandle. Ezinsukwini zakudala eRus', i-salmon yayibanjwa kusetshenziswa ama-seine, amanetha angashintshiwe, kanye nocingo. Kodwa namuhla, lezi zinhlobo zezimpahla zokudoba, njengezitimela, ama-messes, izikhukhula, zibhekwa njengezimpahla zokudoba futhi azivunyelwe ukudoba amateur. Ngaphambi kokuba udobe i-salmon, udinga ukuzijwayeza ngemithetho yokubamba le nhlanzi, yimaphi amagiya, esifundeni esithile, avunyelwe ukudoba. Imithetho ingase inganqunywa kuphela ngomthetho wesifunda, kodwa futhi incike kumqashi we-reservoir. Lokhu kuyasebenza nasezidlalweni. Namuhla, kwamanye amachibi, ngaphezu kwezintambo zokwenziwa, kuvunyelwe ukudoba nge-hook ngokufaka kabusha ama-baits emvelo: lokhu kwenza ububanzi bamagiya asetshenziswe banzi. Kodwa ngaphambi kohambo, wonke ama-nuances kufanele acaciswe. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokudoba ukuzijabulisa okuvunyelwe ukudoba ukuphotha nokundiza. I-Trolling ivunyelwe emanzini athile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokudoba, ama-RPU amaningi avumela ukudoba kuphela ngesisekelo sokubamba nokukhululwa.
Ukudoba i-salmon
Lapho ukhetha i-tackle, qaphela ukwethembeka kwayo, ngoba kuhlale kunethuba lokubamba izinhlanzi ezinkulu. Emifuleni ephakathi nendawo emikhulu, ukubamba i-salmon enesisindo esingaphezu kuka-10 kg akubukeki njengento emnandi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa induku eqinile. Uma uzingela izinhlanzi ezinkulu usebenzisa izinto zokulutha ezisindayo, thatha ama-reel aphindaphindayo anomugqa obekiwe ongu-100 m noma ngaphezulu. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokusebenza kuncike ekuhlangenwe nakho komdobi kanye nedamu, kanye nenani labantu abazalanisa ama-salmon. Ngaphambi kohambo, qiniseka ukuthi ubuza nge-biology ye-salmon yase-Atlantic, nini futhi yimuphi umhlambi ongena emfuleni. Izipina zilingana ngokuhlukile futhi ziyazungeza noma ziyazulazula. Uma uthanda, ungasebenzisa ama-wobblers. Ukudoba i-salmon ngenduku yokuphotha usebenzisa izimpukane ze-salmon akulula kangako. Ukukhipha izinti ezikhanyayo, amabhomu amakhulu (sbirulino) asetshenziswa. Ukudoba ekuqaleni kwenkathi, emanzini amakhulu nabandayo, amabhomu acwilayo kanye nezimpukane ezinkulu ezithunyelwayo zisetshenziswa.
Fly ukudoba i-salmon
Lapho ukhetha induku yokudoba impukane ye-salmon, kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzicabangele. Ngokuqondene nokukhethwa kwenduku yesandla esisodwa noma ezimbili, konke kuncike, okokuqala, ekuthandweni komuntu siqu, isipiliyoni somdobi, kanye nobukhulu bedamu kanye nenkathi yokudoba. Emifuleni ephakathi nendawo emikhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwezinduku zesandla esisodwa ngokusobala kunciphisa amathuba okuba umdobi wezimpukane. Ukudoba ngezinduku ezinjalo kuba namandla kakhudlwana futhi ngakho-ke akunethezeki, ngaphandle uma imikhumbi yamanzi ivunyelwe emifuleni ethile emikhulu. Umthamo omkhulu wamanzi, lapho udoba ogwini, uphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izinduku ezinde, kufaka phakathi izinduku zezandla ezimbili ezifika ku-5 m ubude. Ikakhulukazi uma ukudoba emanzini aphezulu nabandayo, ekuqaleni kwenkathi, kanye nalapho kwenzeka izikhukhula ehlobo. Kunezizathu eziningana zokusebenzisa izinduku ezinde. Izici ezinjengokwandisa ubude be-cast ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu zasogwini zingase zibe nendima, kodwa into eyinhloko ukulawulwa kwe-bait emfudlaneni onamandla wamanzi entwasahlobo. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi kusetshenziswa izimpukane ezinzima nezinkulu. Ukukhetha ikilasi labahlinzeki ababili, baqhubekela phambili esimisweni sokuthi izinduku ezingaphezu kwekilasi lesi-9 zisetshenziswa emanzini asentwasahlobo ukuze kukhishwe ama-baits entwasahlobo, isisindo sawo, ngezinye izikhathi, sidlula amashumi amaningana amagremu. Lapho izinga eliphansi lasehlobo libekiwe, amanzi ayafudumala futhi izinhlanzi ziluma ngenkuthalo ongqimbeni olungaphezulu lwamanzi. Yilapho abadobi abaningi beshintshela ezintini zokudoba zamakilasi alula. Ukuze uthole ukudoba okuthakazelisayo, ama-anglers amaningi asebenzisa amakilasi angu-5-6, kanye namaswishi, ahluke kakhulu ngesakhiwo kusuka ku-spey rods futhi adale ukuxaka okwengeziwe lapho edlala. Kwabaqalayo nabadobi bezindiza ze-salmon ezomnotho, njengenduku yokuqala, kunconywa ukuthenga induku enezandla ezimbili, noma kunjalo, yekilasi lesi-9. Ngokuvamile ikilasi labaphathi ababili besimanje lizochazwa, isibonelo, njenge-8-9-10, elikhuluma ngokuhlukahluka kwabo. Ukukhethwa kwekhoyili kwehlela ekuthembekeni kanye namandla aphezulu. Ukukhethwa kwekilasi lezinduku zesandla esisodwa kuncike, okokuqala, ekuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu kanye nezifiso. Kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngisho nokudoba ehlobo kwezinhlanzi ezisezingeni eliphakathi, abaqalayo bangase babe nezinkinga ngokudlala izinhlanzi eziqinile. Ngakho-ke, akudingekile, ohambweni lokuqala lokudoba, ukusebenzisa izinduku ezingaphansi kwebanga lesi-8. Emifuleni lapho kungenzeka khona ukubamba ama-specimens amakhulu, ukusekelwa okude kuyadingeka. Ukukhethwa komugqa kuncike esikhathini sokudoba kanye nezintandokazi zomdobi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukudoba ehlobo emanzini aphansi, afudumele, kungcono ukusebenzisa imigqa emide, "ethambile".
I-salmon trolling
Ama-trollers ngokuvamile abheka i-salmon ezingxenyeni ze-estuarine zemifula, emanzini asogwini lwe-bay, ogwini lolwandle, kanye nemihlambi yezinhlanzi ezihlala phansi emachibini. Ngokuvamile i-salmon itholakala ekujuleni ngemuva kwezindawo zokukhosela ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Ngokunamathela emisinga yasolwandle, i-salmon ihlala ezindizeni zayo. I-Salmon, ehlala unomphela eGulf of Finland, ngokwesibonelo, incane kakhulu. Ukubamba umdondoshiya ongu-10 kg kuyimpumelelo enkulu, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sezinduku zokuphotha ezisezingeni lolwandle. Kodwa kusetshenziswa izinduku ezinamandla, ezinama-reel aphindaphindayo anamandla nezitokwe zentambo yokudoba engu-150-200 m ubude. Ama-wobblers amakhulu avame ukusetshenziswa njenge-bait. Ubude bawo abukho ngaphansi kuka-18-20 cm (ekujuleni okukhulu - kusuka ku-25 cm). Avame ukuhlonyiswa ngama-tee amathathu. Ama-bauble oscillating asetshenziswa kancane asetshenziswa kakhulu. Okuthandwa kakhulu kuma-wobblers asetshenzisiwe yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi "huskies". Leli gama libhekisela kokubili ama-wobblers we-Rapalovskie wakudala, kanye nemikhiqizo yohlobo olufanayo nayo evela kwabanye abakhiqizi, kanye neyenziwe ekhaya.
Bait
Ukukhethwa kwezimpukane zokubamba i-salmon yase-Atlantic kungumuntu ngamunye futhi kuhluke kakhulu. Ngokwezinga elikhulu kuncike enkathini. Kuyafaneleka ukuqhubeka nesimiso: amanzi abandayo - izithiyo ezinzima; uma amanzi efudumele, futhi izinhlanzi zikhuphukela ezingqimbeni ezingaphezulu zamanzi, khona-ke izimpukane ziphezu kwezithwali ezikhanyayo nezingwegwe, zikhuphukela phezulu, zigobe. Ubukhulu nombala wezicupho zingahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi umfula kanye nesifunda esithile. Kuhlale kufanelekile ukubuza abadobi abanolwazi kusengaphambili ukuthi yiziphi izithiyo okufanele zisetshenziswe esikhathini esithile. Lapho udoba ezisekelweni zokudoba, kufanele usebenzise ama-baits anikezwa abaqondisi. I-Salmon ingashintsha izintandokazi zabo phakathi nosuku, ngakho-ke kunzima ukudlula ngenani elincane lama-baits. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifunda ezisenyakatho zibonakala ngesimo sezulu esingazinzile. Inani elikhulu lemvula lingashintsha kakhulu izinga lokushisa lamanzi omfula kanye nezinga lawo, okusho ukuthi izimo zokudoba nazo zizoshintsha. Ngakho-ke, ngisho maphakathi nehlobo, ngeke kube yinto engafaneleki ukuba nomthombo wezimpukane ezinzima eziminzayo kanye ne-undergrowth.
Izindawo zokudoba kanye nezindawo zokuhlala
Izinhlobo ze-salmon ezisenyakatho ye-Atlantic zihlala endaweni enkulu: kusukela ogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika kuya eGreenland, i-Iceland kanye nogu lwaseNyakatho, i-Barents ne-Baltic Seas. E-Russia, ingena emifuleni yezilwandle okuthiwa, kanye noLwandle Olumhlophe, futhi ifinyelela empumalanga, uMfula iKara (Ural). Emachibini amakhulu (i-Imandra, i-Kuito, i-Ladoga, i-Onega, i-Kamennoe, njll.) kunezinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile ze-salmon. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, ama-saumoni abanjwa emanzini, ezindaweni ezingajulile, ngaphansi kwezimpophoma. Besuka esikebheni, badoba ihange phakathi nomfula, noma ngosizo lomgwedli obambe isikebhe samanzi, esifundweni, ngesikhathi esisodwa. Phakathi nehlobo, ngokuvamile, ukudoba kwenzeka ezindaweni ezingaphezulu kwamanzi. Kuphela lapho ukucindezela kwehla lapho izinhlanzi zingasondela phansi. Emfuleni, kuvame ukutholakala eduze kwezithiyo noma lapho umsinga uba buthakathaka kancane. Intandokazi yindawo lapho amajethi amabili ahlangana khona abe eyodwa phakathi kwezingibe ezinkulu eziseduze. Ukubamba i-salmon emifuleni emincane kulula kakhulu, ngoba kuyo ihlala endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside.
Ukuzalela
I-Salmon izala ezindaweni eziphezulu zemifula kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuDisemba. Ukubuyela emfuleni wendabuko (homing) kuthuthukiswe kakhulu. Kunemihlambi “yasebusika nentwasahlobo”. Amaduna avuthwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kakhulu kunezinsikazi, futhi kwezinye izindawo, ngemva konyaka nje ehambile eya olwandle, aphinde abuye ayozala. Ngokuvamile, ukuvuthwa kwezinhlanzi kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-1-4. Okokuqala entwasahlobo futhi ekugcineni ekwindla (nakuba, lokhu kuhlobene, i-salmon ingena emifuleni emikhulu ngaphansi kweqhwa), abesifazane bangena emifuleni. Ngobuningi, abesilisa baqala ukuya emfuleni namanzi afudumele. Ubukhulu bezinhlanzi buyahlukahluka kakhulu ngendawo kanye nedamu. I-salmon efika ekwindla izozala ngonyaka ozayo. Ngaphambi kokungena emfuleni, inhlanzi ijwayela isikhathi esithile endaweni yomfula ekushintsheni kosawoti emanzini. Ngemva kokungena emanzini ahlanzekile, iba nezinguquko ze-morphological ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla futhi iyeke ukudla. Izinhlanzi zasebusika zinamafutha amaningi, ngeke zidle isikhathi esingangonyaka. Emanzini ahlanzekile, izinhlanzi nazo zishintsha ngaphandle ("ukulahlekelwa"). Izinsikazi zincamela ukuhlomisa izidleke emhlabathini onamatshe. Ukuzala kwe-salmon kufika kumaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingu-22. Ngemva kokuzala, inani elithile lezinhlanzi liyafa (ikakhulukazi abesilisa), abesifazane bayazala, ngokwesilinganiso, izikhathi ezingu-5-8 empilweni yabo yonke. Ngemva kokuzala ekwindla, futhi ngemva kokulahlekelwa isisindo esikhulu, izinhlanzi ziqala ukuwela emuva olwandle, lapho kancane kancane liqala ukubonakala kwe-silverfish evamile ". Izibungu zichanyuselwa entwasahlobo. Ukudla - i-zooplankton, i-benthos, izinambuzane ezindizayo, izinhlanzi ezincane. Ukugingqika olwandle ngemva kokukhukhuleka kweqhwa entwasahlobo. Ukudoba ama-salmon e-Atlantic kulo lonke elaseRussia kunelayisensi, futhi inkathi yokudoba ilawulwa "imithetho yokudoba yokuzijabulisa". Amadethi angalungiswa kuye ngendawo kanye nezimo zezulu.