I-aorta yesisu (kusuka kwelesiGreki i-aorta, okusho umthambo omkhulu) ihambisana nengxenye ye-aorta, umthambo omkhulu kunawo wonke emzimbeni.

Isikhundla. Itholakala phakathi kwe-thoracic vertebra T12 kanye ne-lumbar vertebra L4, i-aorta yesisu yakha ingxenye yokugcina ye-aorta. (1) Ilandela i-aorta eyehlayo, ingxenye yokugcina ye-thoracic aorta. I-aorta yesisu iphetha ngokuhlukana ibe amagatsha amabili asemaceleni akha imithambo ye-iliac evamile kwesokunxele nakwesokudla, kanye negatsha lesithathu eliphakathi nendawo, umthambo we-sacral ophakathi.

Amagatsha aphathelene nomngcele. I-aorta yesisu ikhiqiza amagatsha amaningana, ikakhulukazi i-parietal kanye ne-visceral (2):

• Imithambo ephansi ye-phrenic ehloselwe indawo engaphansi ye-diaphragm
• Isiqu se-Celiac esihlukana sibe amagatsha amathathu, umthambo we-hepatic ovamile, umthambo we-splenic, nomthambo wesisu wesokunxele. Lawa magatsha enzelwe ukwenza i-vascularize isibindi, isisu, ubende, nengxenye yamanyikwe
• I-Superior mesenteric artery esetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngegazi emathunjini amancane namakhulu
• Imithambo ye-adrenal esebenzela izindlala ze-adrenal
• Imithambo yezinso okuhloswe ngayo ukuhlinzeka izinso
• Imithambo yama-ovarian kanye ne-testicular ehlinzeka ama-ovari kanye nengxenye yamashubhu esibeletho, kanye namasende.
• Umthambo ophansi we-mesenteric okhonza ingxenye yamathumbu amakhulu
• I-Lumbar arteries ehloselwe ingxenye engemuva yodonga lwesisu
• Umthambo we-sacral ophakathi ohlinzeka nge-coccyx ne-sacrum
• Imithambo ye-iliac evamile ehloselwe ukunikeza izitho ze-pelvis, ingxenye engezansi yodonga lwesisu, kanye nezitho ezingezansi.

Irrigation. I-aorta yesisu idlala indima enkulu ku-vascularization yomzimba ngenxa yamagatsha awo ahlukene ahlinzeka ngodonga lwesisu nezitho ze-visceral.

Ukuqina kodonga. I-aorta inodonga olunwebekayo oluyivumela ukuthi ivumelane nokwehluka kwengcindezi okuvela ngezikhathi zokuncipha kwenhliziyo nokuphumula.

I-aortic aneurysm yesisu ukuvuleka kwayo, okwenzeka lapho izindonga ze-aorta zingasahambelani. Lawa ma-aneurysm ngokuvamile amise okwe-spindle, okusho ukuthi athinta ingxenye enkulu ye-aorta, kodwa futhi angaba yi-sacciform, eyenziwa endaweni kuphela engxenyeni ye-aorta (3). Imbangela yalesi sifo ingaxhunyaniswa nokuguqulwa kodonga, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi futhi kwesinye isikhathi kungaba ngemvelaphi yokutheleleka. Kwezinye izimo, i-aortic aneurysm yesisu ingaba nzima ukuyixilonga ngokungabi khona kwezimpawu ezithile. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi nge-aneurysm encane, ebonakala ngobubanzi be-aorta yesisu engaphansi kuka-4 cm. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izinhlungu zesisu noma ezingezansi zingase zizwakale. Njengoba iqhubeka, i-aortic aneurysm yesisu ingaholela ku-:

• Ukucindezelwa kwezitho ezingomakhelwane njengengxenye yamathumbu amancane, i-ureter, i-vena cava engaphansi, noma imizwa ethile;
• I-Thrombosis, okungukuthi ukwakheka kwehlule, ezingeni le-aneurysm;
• Ukushabalala kwe-arterial obliteration yemilenze engezansi ehambisana nokuba khona kwesithiyo esivimbela igazi ukuthi lijikeleze ngokujwayelekile;
• ukutheleleka;
• i-aneurysm ephukile ehambisana nokuqhekeka kodonga lwe-aorta. Ingozi yokuqhekeka okunjalo iba nkulu lapho ububanzi be-aorta yesisu budlula u-5 cm.
• inkinga yefissure ehambelana "nokuqhekeka kwangaphambili" futhi okuholela ebuhlungu;

Ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa. Kuye ngesiteji se-aneurysm nesimo sesiguli, ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa ku-aorta yesisu.

Ukuqondisa kwezokwelapha. Uma kune-aneurysms encane, isiguli sibekwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwezokwelapha kodwa akudingi ukuhlinzwa.

Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ubuhlungu besisu kanye / noma i-lumbar ezwakalayo.

Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe sezokwelapha Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, i-ultrasound yesisu ingenziwa. Ingalekelelwa nge-CT scan, i-MRI, i-angiography, noma i-aorography.

Kusukela ngo-2010, kuye kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okuningi ukuvimbela ama-aneurysms we-aorta yesisu.