Ukusebenza namaseli ku-Excel

Inani elikhulu labasebenzisi be-Excel benza iphutha elifanayo. Badida izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zokusebenza: ngaphakathi kweseli nangemuva kwalo. Kodwa umehluko phakathi kwabo mkhulu.

Iqiniso liwukuthi iseli ngalinye liyingxenye egcwele izici eziningi, okuyinkambu yokufaka enezinto eziningi ezingenzeka. Amafomula, izinombolo, umbhalo, ama-opharetha anengqondo, nokunye kufakwa lapho. Umbhalo ngokwawo ungenziwa isitayela: shintsha usayizi wawo nesitayela, kanye nendawo yawo ngaphakathi kweseli.

Isibonelo, kulesi sithombe ungabona ukuthi umbhalo ongaphakathi kweseli ubomvu futhi ugqamile.

Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi iseli eliboniswe esithombeni okwamanje likumodi yokuhlela okuqukethwe. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi iseli likusiphi isimo esithile esimweni sakho, ungasebenzisa ikhesa yombhalo ngaphakathi. Kodwa noma ingabonakali, iseli lingase libe kumodi yokuhlela. Ungakuqonda lokhu ngokuba khona kwezinkinobho ezisebenzayo zokuqinisekisa nokukhansela okokufaka. 

Isici esibalulekile sale modi ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukwenza yonke imisebenzi engenzeka ngeseli kuyo. Uma ubheka ibha yamathuluzi yeribhoni, uzobona ukuthi izinkinobho eziningi azisebenzi. Yilapho iphutha elikhulu livezwa khona. Kodwa ake sikhulume ngakho konke ngokulandelana, siqale ngezinto eziyisisekelo bese sizokwandisa izinga lobunzima ukuze wonke umuntu afunde okuthile okuwusizo.

Imiqondo Eyisisekelo

Ngakho, isici esiyinhloko setafula iseli. Itholakala ezimpambanweni zekholomu nomugqa, ngakho-ke inekheli layo, elingasetshenziswa kumafomula ukuze likhombe kuyo, uthole idatha ethile, njalonjalo. 

Isibonelo, iseli B3 inalezi zixhumanisi ezilandelayo: irowu 3, ikholomu 2. Ungayibona ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokunxele, ngezansi ngqo kwemenyu yokuzulazula. 

Umqondo wesibili obalulekile yincwadi yokusebenzela. Lena idokhumenti evulwe umsebenzisi, equkethe uhlu lwamashidi, wona ahlanganisa amaseli. Noma iyiphi idokhumenti entsha ekuqaleni ayinalo ulwazi, futhi ensimini yewayini ehambisanayo ikheli leseli elikhethiwe njengamanje.

Ikholomu namagama emigqa nawo ayavezwa. Lapho kukhethwa elinye lamaseli, izakhi ezihambisanayo kubha yokuxhumanisa zizogqanyiswa ngowolintshi.

Ukufaka ulwazi, kuyadingeka, njengoba sesivele siqonde ngenhla, ukushintshela kumodi yokuhlela. Udinga ukukhetha iseli elifanele ngokuchofoza kwesokunxele kulo, bese uvele ufake idatha. Ungakwazi futhi ukuzulazula phakathi kwamaseli ahlukene usebenzisa ikhibhodi usebenzisa izinkinobho zemicibisholo.

Ukusebenza Kweseli Eyisisekelo

Khetha amaseli ebangeni elilodwa

Ukuqoqa imininingwane ku-Excel kwenziwa ngokuya ngebanga elikhethekile. Kulokhu, amaseli amaningana akhethiwe ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanye nemigqa namakholomu, ngokulandelana. Uma uwakhetha, yonke indawo iyavezwa, futhi ibha yekheli inikeza isifinyezo sawo wonke amaseli akhethiwe.

Ukuhlanganisa amaseli

Uma amaseli esekhethiwe, manje angahlanganiswa. Ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu, kunconywa ukuthi ukopishe ububanzi obukhethiwe ngokucindezela inhlanganisela yokhiye Ctrl + C bese uyihambisa kwenye indawo usebenzisa izinkinobho ze-Ctrl + V. Ngale ndlela ungagcina ikhophi eyisipele yedatha yakho. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe, ngoba lapho amaseli ehlanganiswa, lonke ulwazi oluqukethwe kuwo luyasulwa. Futhi ukuze uyibuyisele, kufanele ube nekhophi yayo.

Okulandelayo, udinga ukuchofoza inkinobho eboniswe kusithombe-skrini. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokuhlanganisa amaseli. Udinga ukukhetha evumelana kakhulu nesimo.

Ukuthola inkinobho edingekayo. Kumenyu yokuzulazula, kuthebhu ethi “Ekhaya”, thola inkinobho ephawulwe kusithombe-skrini sangaphambilini bese ubonisa uhlu lokudonsela phansi. Sikhethe ukuhlanganisa kanye nendawo. Uma le nkinobho ingasebenzi, kuzomele uphume kumodi yokuhlela. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokucindezela inkinobho ethi Enter. 

Uma udinga ukulungisa indawo yombhalo kuseli elikhulu eliwumphumela, ungenza kanjalo usebenzisa izici zokuqondanisa ezitholakala kuthebhu ethi Ikhaya.

Ukuhlukanisa amaseli

Lena inqubo elula ephinda isigaba sangaphambilini:

1. Ukukhetha iseli elakhiwe ngaphambilini ngokuhlanganisa amanye amaseli ambalwa. Ukuhlukaniswa kwabanye akunakwenzeka. 
2. Uma ibhulokhi ehlanganisiwe isikhethiwe, ukhiye wokuhlanganisa uzokhanya. Ngemva kokuchofoza kuyo, wonke amaseli azohlukaniswa. Ngamunye wabo uzothola ikheli lakhe. Imigqa namakholomu azophinda abalwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. 

Ukusesha Kweseli

Kulula kakhulu ukunganaki ulwazi olubalulekile uma kufanele usebenze ngenani elikhulu ledatha. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, ungasebenzisa usesho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, awukwazi ukusesha amagama kuphela, kodwa futhi namafomula, amabhlogo ahlanganisiwe, nanoma yini oyithandayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele wenze lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Qiniseka ukuthi ithebhu ethi Ikhaya ivuliwe. Kukhona indawo "Yokuhlela" lapho ungathola khona ukhiye othi "Thola futhi Khetha".
2. Ngemva kwalokho, ibhokisi lengxoxo lizovuleka ngenkambu yokufaka lapho ungafaka khona inani olidingayo. Kukhona futhi inketho yokucacisa amapharamitha angeziwe. Isibonelo, uma udinga ukuthola amaseli ahlanganisiwe, udinga ukuchofoza "Izinketho" - "Ifomethi" - "Ukuqondanisa", bese uthikha ibhokisi eliseduze nosesho lwamaseli ahlanganisiwe.
3. Ulwazi oludingekayo luzovezwa efasiteleni elikhethekile.

Kukhona nesici esithi "Thola Konke" ukuze useshe wonke amaseli ahlanganisiwe.

Ukusebenza nokuqukethwe kwamaseli e-Excel

Lapha sizobheka imisebenzi ethile ekuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngombhalo ofakiwe, imisebenzi noma izinombolo, indlela yokwenza ukukopisha, ukuhambisa nokukhiqiza kabusha imisebenzi. Ake sibheke ngayinye yazo ngokulandelana kwayo.

1. Okokufaka. Konke kulula lapha. Udinga ukukhetha iseli oyifunayo bese uqala ukubhala.
2. Isusa ulwazi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa kokubili ukhiye we-Delete kanye ne-Backspace. Ungasebenzisa futhi ukhiye werabha kuphaneli yokuhlela.
3. Kopisha. Kulula kakhulu ukuyenza usebenzisa izinkinobho ezishisayo ze-Ctrl + C bese unamathisela imininingwane ekopishiwe endaweni oyifunayo usebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-Ctrl + V. Ngale ndlela, ukuphindaphinda kwedatha okusheshayo kungenziwa. Ingasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ku-Excel, kodwa futhi cishe kunoma yiluphi uhlelo olusebenzisa iWindows. Uma kwenziwe isenzo esingalungile (isibonelo, ucezu lombhalo olungalungile lufakiwe), ungakwazi ukuhlehlisa ngokucindezela inhlanganisela ka-Ctrl + Z.
4. Ukusika. Kwenziwa kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela ye-Ctrl + X, emva kwalokho udinga ukufaka idatha endaweni efanele usebenzisa izinkinobho ezifanayo ezishisayo u-Ctrl + V. Umehluko phakathi kokusika nokukopisha ukuthi ngalokhu kokugcina, idatha igcinwa ku- indawo yokuqala, kuyilapho ucezu olusikiwe luhlala kuphela endaweni lapho lufakwe khona. 
5. Ukufometha. Amaseli angashintshwa ngaphandle nangaphakathi. Ukufinyelela kuwo wonke amapharamitha adingekayo kungatholwa ngokuchofoza kwesokudla kuseli edingekayo. Kuzovela imenyu yokuqukethwe kanye nawo wonke amasethingi.

Ukusebenza kwezibalo

I-Excel ngokuyinhloko iyisibali esisebenzayo esikuvumela ukuthi wenze izibalo ezinamazinga amaningi. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ku-accounting. Lolu hlelo lukuvumela ukuthi wenze yonke imisebenzi ecatshangwayo nengacatshangwa ngezinombolo. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kanye nezinhlamvu ezingabhalwa kuseli zisebenza kanjani.

Okokuqala, udinga ukuqonda i-notation ebonisa ukusebenza kwe-arithmetic ethile:

1. + – ukwengeza.
2. – – ukususa.
3. * – ukuphindaphinda.
4. / – ukuhlukana.
5. ^ – i-exponentiation.
6. % iphesenti. 

Qala ukufaka ifomula kuseli enophawu olulinganayo. Ngokwesibonelo, 

= 7 + 6

Ngemva kokucindezela inkinobho ethi "ENTER", idatha ibalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi umphumela uboniswa kuseli. Uma ngenxa yokubala kuvela ukuthi kunenombolo enkulu yamadijithi ngemuva kwephoyinti ledesimali, unganciphisa ukujula kancane usebenzisa inkinobho ekhethekile kuthebhu ethi "Ikhaya" engxenyeni ethi "Inombolo".

Ukusebenzisa amafomula ku-Excel

Uma kudingekile ukudweba ibhalansi yokugcina, khona-ke ukwengeza kukodwa akwanele. Phela, iqukethe inani elikhulu ledatha. Ngalesi sizathu, ubuchwepheshe buthuthukisiwe okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukudala ithebula ngokuchofoza okumbalwa nje.

Ukuze sikwenze kucace kakhudlwana, masidale ithebula elilula elinedatha, lapho udinga ukubala amanani amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ukuze uthole umphumela wokugcina, mane ufingqe amanani ento ngayinye emasontweni amabili okuqala. Lokhu kulula ngoba ungakwazi futhi ukufaka ngesandla inani elincane ledatha. Kodwa kuthiwani, futhi izandla zokwamukela inani? Yini okudingeka yenziwe ukuze kuhlelwe ulwazi olutholakalayo?

Uma usebenzisa ifomula kuseli, ungenza ngisho nezibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi uhlele idokhumenti yakho ukwenza noma yini oyifunayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifomula ingakhethwa ngokuqondile kwimenyu, ebizwa ngokucindezela inkinobho ye-fx. Sikhethe umsebenzi we-SUM ebhokisini lengxoxo. Ukuze uqinisekise isenzo, kufanele ucindezele inkinobho ethi "Enter". Ngaphambi kokuthi usebenzise imisebenzi, kuyanconywa ukuthi uzilolonge kancane kubhokisi lesihlabathi. Okusho ukuthi, dala idokhumenti yokuhlola, lapho ungathola khona amafomula ahlukahlukene kancane futhi ubone ukuthi asebenza kanjani. 

Amaphutha lapho kufakwa ifomula kuseli

Njengomphumela wokufaka ifomula, kungenzeka amaphutha ahlukahlukene:

1. ##### - Leli phutha liphonswa uma inani elingaphansi kukaziro litholwa lapho kufakwa idethi noma isikhathi. Ingase futhi iboniswe uma singekho isikhala esanele kuseli ukuze kufakwe yonke idatha. 
2. #N/A - leli phutha livela uma kungenakwenzeka ukucacisa idatha, kanye noma ngabe umyalelo wokufaka izimpikiswano zomsebenzi wephuliwe.
3. #XHUMANA! Kulokhu, i-Excel ibika ukuthi ikholomu elingavumelekile noma ikheli lomugqa licacisiwe. 
4. #AKUNALUTHO! Iphutha liyaboniswa uma umsebenzi we-arithmetic wakhiwe ngokungalungile.
5. #INOMBOLO! Uma inombolo incane kakhulu noma inkulu.
6. #INANI! Ibonisa ukuthi kusetshenziswa uhlobo lwedatha olungasekelwe. Lokhu kungenzeka uma iseli elilodwa elisetshenziselwa ifomula liqukethe umbhalo, kanti elinye linezinombolo. Kulokhu, izinhlobo zedatha azifani futhi i-Excel iqala ukuthuka.
7. #DIV/0! – ukungenzeki kokuhlukanisa ngoziro.
8. #IGAMA? – igama lomsebenzi alikwazi ukubonwa. Isibonelo, kunephutha.

Ama-hotkeys

Okhiye abashisayo benza ukuphila kube lula, ikakhulukazi uma kufanele uphindaphinde uhlobo olufanayo lwezenzo kaningi. Ama-hotkey athandwa kakhulu ami kanje:

1. I-CTRL + umcibisholo kukhibhodi - khetha wonke amaseli akumugqa ohambisanayo noma ikholomu.
2. CTRL + SHIFT + “+” – faka isikhathi esisewashini okwamanje.
3. I-CTRL +; - faka usuku lwamanje nomsebenzi wokuhlunga ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokwemithetho ye-Excel.
4. CTRL + A – khetha wonke amaseli.

Izilungiselelo zokubukeka kweseli

Idizayini yeseli ekhethwe kahle ikuvumela ukuthi uyenze ikhange kakhulu, futhi ububanzi - kulula ukuyifunda. Kunezinketho ezimbalwa zokubukeka kweseli ongayenza ngokwezifiso.

Imingcele

Ububanzi bezici zespredishithi buhlanganisa nezilungiselelo zomngcele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, chofoza amaseli owathandayo bese uvula ithebhu "Ekhaya", lapho uchofoza khona umcibisholo otholakala kwesokudla senkinobho "Imingcele". Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzovela imenyu lapho ungasetha khona izakhiwo ezidingekayo zomngcele.

Imingcele ingadwetshwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthola into ethi "Dweba Imingcele", etholakala kule menyu ephumayo.

Gcwalisa umbala

Okokuqala udinga ukukhetha lawo maseli adinga ukugcwaliswa ngombala othile. Ngemva kwalokho, kuthebhu "Ekhaya", thola umcibisholo otholakala kwesokudla sento ethi "Gcwalisa umbala". Kuzovela imenyu ye-pop-up enohlu lwemibala. Vele ukhethe umthunzi oyifunayo, futhi iseli lizogcwaliswa ngokuzenzakalelayo.

I-Life Hack: uma uzulazula phezu kwemibala ehlukene, ungabona ukuthi ukubukeka kweseli kuzoba njani ngemuva kokuthi ligcwaliswe ngombala othile.

Izitayela zamaseli

Izitayela zeseli ziyizinketho zokuklama ezenziwe ngomumo ezingangezwa ngokuchofoza okumbalwa. Ungathola imenyu kuthebhu ethi “Ekhaya” esigabeni “sezitayela zamaseli”.