Izinyosi zilwakha kanjani uju?
I-Nectar iwuketshezi olumnandi oluqukethwe ezimbali, oluqoqwe inyosi ene-proboscis ende. Lesi sinambuzane sigcina umpe esiswini saso esengeziwe, okuthiwa i-honey goiter. I-Nectar ibaluleke kakhulu ezinyosini, ngakho-ke uma inyosi eyodwa ithola umthombo ocebile we-nectar, ingakukhuluma lokhu kuzo zonke izinyosi ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwemidanso. Impova ibaluleke ngendlela efanayo: ama-granules aphuzi atholakala ezimbali anothile ngamaprotheni, ama-lipids, amavithamini namaminerali futhi angumthombo wokudla wezinyosi. Impova igcinwa emakhekhebeni angenalutho futhi ingasetshenziswa ukwenza “isinkwa sezinyosi,” ukudla okuvutshelwe okwenziwa izinambuzane ngokumanzisa impova.
Kodwa ukudla okuningi kuqoqwa ngokufuna ukudla. Nakuba izinyosi zibhuza embalini ziqoqa impova nompe, amaprotheni akhethekile (ama-enzyme) esiswini sazo soju aguqula ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ompe, okuwenza afanelekele ukugcinwa isikhathi eside.
Lapho inyosi ibuyela esidlekeni sayo, idlulisela umpe kwenye inyosi ngokubhodla, yingakho abanye bebiza uju ngokuthi “umhlanzo wezinyosi.” Inqubo iyaphindwa kuze kube yilapho umpe, luphenduke uketshezi olujiyile olucebile kuma-enzyme esisu, lungena ekhekhebeni lezinyosi.
Izinyosi kusadingeka zisebenze ukuze ziguqule umpe lube uju. Lezi zinambuzane ezikhuthele zisebenzisa amaphiko azo ukuze “zifuthe” umpe, zisheshise inqubo yokuhwamuka. Lapho amanzi amaningi engasekho kumpe, izinyosi ekugcineni zithola uju. Izinyosi zivala amakhekheba ezinyosi ngokuphuma eziswini zazo, eziqina zibe ingcina yezinyosi, futhi uju lungagcinwa isikhathi eside. Sekukonke, izinyosi zinciphisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi ompe kusuka ku-90% kuya ku-20%.
Ngokusho kweScientific American, ikoloni elilodwa lingakhiqiza cishe i-110 kg ye-nectar - isibalo esibalulekile, njengoba izimbali eziningi zikhiqiza ithonsi elincane lompe. Imbiza evamile yoju idinga ukukhwabanisa kwezinyosi eziyisigidi. Ikoloni elilodwa lingakhiqiza izimbiza zoju ezingama-50 kuya kweziyikhulu ngonyaka.
Ingabe izinyosi zidinga uju?
Izinyosi zenza umsebenzi omningi ukwenza uju. Ngokusho kweBeeSpotter, ikoloni elijwayelekile liqukethe izinyosi ezingama-30. Kukholakala ukuthi izinyosi zisebenzisa amalitha angu-000 kuya kwangu-135 oju ngonyaka.
Impova iwumthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwezinyosi, kodwa uju nalo lubalulekile. Izinyosi eziyizisebenzi ziwusebenzisa njengomthombo wamacarbohydrate ukuze zisekele amazinga wamandla. Uju lubuye luphuzwe ama-drones amadala uma kukhwela izindiza futhi kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwezibungu.
Uju lubaluleke kakhulu ebusika, lapho izinyosi eziyisisebenzi nendlovukazi behlangana ndawonye futhi bagaya uju ukuze bakhiqize ukushisa. Ngemuva kwesithwathwa sokuqala, izimbali ziyanyamalala, ngakho uju luba umthombo obalulekile wokudla. Uju lusiza ukuvikela ikoloni emakhazeni. Ikoloni lizofa uma lungekho uju olwanele.
abantu noju
Uju seluyingxenye yokudla kwabantu izinkulungwane zeminyaka.
U-Alyssa Crittenden, isazi semvelo kanye ne-anthropologist yokudla okunomsoco e-University of Nevada, wabhala ngomlando wokusetshenziswa komuntu uju kumagazini we-Food and Foodways. Imidwebo yamadwala eveza amakhekheba ezinyosi, iqulo lezinyosi kanye nokuqoqwa koju kwaqala eminyakeni engama-40 futhi iye yatholakala e-Afrika, eYurophu, e-Asia nase-Australia. UCrittenden ukhomba uhla lobunye ubufakazi bokuthi abantu bokuqala badla uju. Izilwane ezinjengezimfene, ama-macaque, nama-gorilla zaziwa ngokudla uju. Ukholelwa ukuthi “kungenzeka ukuthi ama-hominids akudala ayekwazi okungenani ukuvuna uju.”
I-Science Magazine isekela le mpikiswano ngobufakazi obengeziwe: Ama-hieroglyphs aseGibhithe abonisa izinyosi ahlehlela emuva ku-2400 BC. e. Ingcina yezinyosi itholwe ezimbizeni zobumba ezineminyaka engu-9000 ubudala eTurkey. Uju selutholakale emathuneni oFaro baseGibhithe.
Ingabe i-honey vegan?
Ngokwe-Vegan Society, “i-veganism iyindlela yokuphila lapho umuntu elwela ukubekela eceleni, ngangokunokwenzeka zonke izinhlobo zokuxhashazwa nonya ezilwaneni, kuhlanganise nokudla, okokugqoka, nanoma iyiphi enye injongo.
Ngokusekelwe kule ncazelo, uju aluwona umkhiqizo wesimilo. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi uju olukhiqizwe ngohwebo alunasimilo, kodwa ukudla uju oluvela ezidlelweni ezizimele kulungile. Kodwa i-Vegan Society ikholelwa ukuthi alukho uju oludla inyama: “Izinyosi zenza uju lwezinyosi, futhi abantu abayinaki impilo nokuphila kwabo. Ukuqoqa uju kuphambene nombono we-veganism, ohlose ukuqeda hhayi nje unya, kodwa nokuxhaphaza. "
Uju alubalulekile nje kuphela ekusindeni kwekoloni, kodwa futhi luwumsebenzi odla isikhathi. I-Vegan Society iphawula ukuthi inyosi ngayinye ikhiqiza cishe ingxenye yeshumi nambili yethisipuni yoju ekuphileni kwayo. Ukususwa koju ezinyosini nakho kungalimaza isidleke. Ngokuvamile, lapho abafuyi bezinyosi beqoqa uju, bafaka esikhundleni sikashukela esikhundleni salo, esingenazo izici zokulandelela ezidingekayo ezinyosini.
Njengemfuyo, izinyosi nazo zifuywa ukuze zisebenze kahle. Izakhi zofuzo eziwumphumela wokukhethwa okunjalo zenza ikoloni itholakale kalula ezifweni futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukushabalala okukhulu. Izifo ezibangelwa ukuzalanisa ngokweqile zingasakazeka kuma-pollinator emvelo njengama-bumblebees.
Ukwengeza, amakoloni avame ukuchithwa ngemva kokuvuna ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko. Izinyosi ze-Queen, ezivame ukushiya isidleke ziyoqala amakoloni amasha, amaphiko azo anqunywe.
Izinyosi zibhekana nezinye izinkinga, njengokuwohloka kwekoloni, ukushabalala okungaqondakali kwezinyosi okuhlobene nezibulala-zinambuzane, ingcindezi yokuhamba, nokunye.
Uma u-vegan, uju lungashintshwa. Ngaphezu koshukela owuketshezi njengesiraphu ye-maple, uju lwedandelion, nesiraphu yedethi, kukhona noju lwe-vegan.