Ekwindla ka-2019, kwaqubuka ihlazo ngenkonzo ye-Apple Card: lapho kubhaliswa, yakhipha imikhawulo ehlukene yezikweletu yabesilisa nabesifazane. Ngisho noSteve Wozniak akazange abe nenhlanhla:
Ngonyaka owedlule, kwavezwa ukuthi inkundla yeNetflix ikhombisa abasebenzisi amaphosta ahlukene kanye namahlaya, kuya ngobulili babo, iminyaka nobuzwe. Ngalokhu, le nkonzo yasolwa ngokucwasa.
Ekugcineni, uMark Zuckerberg usolwa njalo ngezinsolo zokuqoqa, ukuthengisa kanye nokuxhaphaza imininingwane yabasebenzisi bayo nge-Facebook. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, wamangalelwa futhi waze wazama ukukhohlisa ngesikhathi sokhetho lwaseMelika, esiza izinsizakalo ezikhethekile zaseRussia, ekhuthaza inzondo nemibono eqinile, ukukhangisa okungalungile, ukuputshuka kwedatha yabasebenzisi, ukuvimbela uphenyo olubhekiswe kuma-pedophiles.
Okuthunyelwe kuFacebook nguzuck
Ngasikhathi sinye, isevisi ye-inthanethi ye-Pornhub minyaka yonke ishicilela imibiko yokuthi hlobo luni lwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezifunwa abantu bezizwe ezahlukene, ubulili neminyaka yobudala. Futhi ngasizathu simbe lokhu akukhathazi muntu. Yize zonke lezi zindaba zifana: kuzo zonke sibhekene nedatha enkulu, okuthi ngekhulu lama-XNUMX ibizwa ngokuthi "uwoyela omusha".
Yini idatha enkulu
Idatha enkulu - futhi iyidatha enkulu (eng. Idatha Enkulu) noma imethadatha - iqoqo ledatha elifika njalo futhi ngamavolumu amakhulu. Ziqoqwe, zicutshungulwe futhi zihlaziywe, okuholela kumamodeli namaphethini acacile.
Isibonelo esimangalisayo idatha evela ku-Large Hadron Collider, engena ngokuqhubekayo futhi ngamanani amakhulu. Ngosizo lwabo, ososayensi baxazulula izinkinga eziningi.
Kodwa idatha enkulu kuwebhu akuzona nje izibalo zocwaningo lwesayensi. Angasetshenziswa ukulandelela ukuthi abasebenzisi bamaqembu ahlukene nezizwe ezahlukene baziphatha kanjani, ukuthi banake ini nokuthi baxhumana kanjani nokuqukethwe. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yalokhu, idatha iqoqwa hhayi emthonjeni owodwa, kodwa kusuka eziningana, ukuqhathanisa nokukhomba amaphethini athile.
Mayelana nokuthi idatha enkulu ibaluleke kangakanani kunethiwekhi, baqala ukukhuluma lapho bekukuningi ngempela. Ekuqaleni kuka-2020, bekunabasebenzisi be-inthanethi abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-4,5 emhlabeni, lapho abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-3,8 babo bebhaliswe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
Ubani okwazi ukufinyelela ku-Big Data
Ngokwenhlolovo, amazwe ethu angaphezu kwesigamu akholelwa ukuthi idatha yawo kunethiwekhi isetshenziswa abantu besithathu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abaningi bathumela ulwazi lomuntu siqu, izithombe, ngisho nenombolo yocingo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana nasezinhlelweni zokusebenza.
Kudingeka kuchazwe lapha: umuntu wokuqala umsebenzisi ngokwakhe, ebeka idatha yayo kunoma iyiphi insiza noma uhlelo lokusebenza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uyavuma (ubeka uphawu esivumelwaneni) ekucutshungulweni kwale datha iqembu lesibili - okungukuthi, abanikazi bezinsiza. Inkampani yangaphandle yilabo abanikazi besisetshenziswa abangadlulisela kubo noma badayisele idatha yomsebenzisi. Ngokuvamile lokhu kubhalwa esivumelwaneni somsebenzisi, kodwa hhayi njalo.
Inkampani yangaphandle izinhlangano zikahulumeni, abaduni noma izinkampani ezithenga idatha ngezinjongo zokuthengisa. Owokuqala angathola idatha ngesinqumo senkantolo noma isikhulu esiphezulu. Abaduni, vele, abazisebenzisi noma yiziphi izimvume - bamane bagebenge imininingwane egcinwe kumaseva. Izinkampani (ngomthetho) zingafinyelela idatha kuphela uma wena ngokwakho uzivumele - ngokumaka ibhokisi elingaphansi kwesivumelwano. Ngaphandle kwalokho, akukho emthethweni.
Kungani izinkampani zisebenzisa i-Big Data?
Idatha enkulu emkhakheni wezohwebo isetshenziswe amashumi eminyaka, ibingekho kakhulu njengoba injalo manje. Lawa, ngokwesibonelo, amarekhodi asuka kumakhamera agadayo, idatha evela kumatilosi e-GPS noma izinkokhelo ze-inthanethi. Manje, ngokuthuthukiswa kwamanethiwekhi omphakathi, izinsizakalo ze-intanethi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza, konke lokhu kungaxhunywa futhi uthole isithombe esiphelele kakhulu: lapho amakhasimende angaba khona ahlala khona, ukuthi yini abathanda ukuyibuka, ukuthi baya kuphi eholidini nokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwemoto abanalo.
Kusukela ezibonelweni ezingenhla, kuyacaca ukuthi ngosizo lwedatha enkulu, izinkampani, okokuqala, zifuna ukukhomba izikhangiso. Okusho ukuthi, ukunikeza imikhiqizo, izinsizakalo noma izinketho zomuntu ngamunye kuphela izethameli ezifanele futhi wenze ngokwezifiso umkhiqizo womsebenzisi othile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhangisa ku-Facebook nakwamanye amapulatifomu amakhulu kuya kubiza kakhulu, futhi ukukubonisa wonke umuntu ngokulandelana akuzuzisi nhlobo.
Ulwazi mayelana namakhasimende angaba khona avela emithonjeni evulekile lusetshenziswa kakhulu izinkampani zomshwalense, imitholampilo ezimele nabaqashi. Owokuqala, ngokwesibonelo, angakwazi ukushintsha imigomo yomshuwalense uma ebona ukuthi uvame ukufuna ulwazi ngezifo noma imithi ethile, futhi abaqashi bangahlola ukuthi ingabe uthambekele ezingxabanweni nasekuziphatheni okubi.
Kodwa kunomunye umsebenzi obalulekile obulokhu udonsa kanzima eminyakeni yamuva: ukusondelana nezilaleli ezincibilika kakhulu. Lokhu akulula kakhulu ukukwenza, nakuba umsebenzi wenziwa lula kakhulu yizinsizakalo zokukhokha kanye namasheke kagesi nge-OFD eyodwa (i-fiscal data operator). Ukuze zisondele ngangokunokwenzeka, izinkampani zize zizame ukulandelela futhi "zikhulise" amakhasimende angaba khona kusukela ebuntwaneni.: ngemidlalo eku-inthanethi, amathoyizi asebenzisanayo nezinkonzo zemfundo.
Isebenza kanjani?
Amathuba amakhulu okuqoqwa kwedatha avela ezinkompaneni zomhlaba wonke ezingabanikazi bamasevisi amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. I-Facebook manje inabasebenzisi abasebenzayo abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2,5. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkampani iphinde ibe nezinye izinsizakalo: I-Instagram - ngaphezu kwe-1 billion, i-WhatsApp - ngaphezu kwe-2 billion nabanye.
Kodwa i-Google inethonya elikhulu nakakhulu: I-Gmail isetshenziswa abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1,5 emhlabeni, enye i-2,5 billion yi-Android mobile OS, ngaphezu kwe-2 billion yi-YouTube. Futhi lokho akubali usesho lwe-Google nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Google Amamephu, isitolo se-Google Play, nesiphequluli se-Chrome. Kusele ukubopha ibhange lakho eliku-inthanethi - futhi i-Google izokwazi ngempela konke okumayelana nawe. Ngendlela, i-Yandex isivele iyisinyathelo esingaphambili kulokhu, kodwa ihlanganisa kuphela izethameli ezikhuluma isiRashiya.
???? Okokuqala, izinkampani zinentshisekelo kulokho esikuthumelayo nesikuthandayo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Isibonelo, uma ibhange libona ukuthi ushadile futhi uthanda amantombazane ngentshiseko ku-Instagram noma ku-Tinder, maningi amathuba okuthi ugunyaze imali ebolekiwe yomthengi. Ne-mortgage yomndeni ayisekho.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi yiziphi izikhangiso ochofoza kuzo, kangaki futhi ngamuphi umphumela.
(Okungukuthi Isinyathelo esilandelayo yimilayezo eyimfihlo: iqukethe ulwazi olwengeziwe. Imiyalezo iputshuzwe kuVKontakte, Facebook, WhatsApp nezinye izithunywa ezisheshayo. Ngokusho kwabo, ngendlela, kulula ukulandelela i-geolocation ngesikhathi sokuthumela umlayezo. Impela ubonile: lapho uxoxa ngokuthenga okuthile noma uku-oda i-pizza nothile, ukukhangisa okufanelekile kuvela ngokushesha ekuphakeleni.
🚕 Idatha enkulu isetshenziswa futhi "iputshuziwe" ngokudiliva kanye nezinsizakalo zamatekisi. Bayazi ukuthi uhlala kuphi futhi usebenza kuphi, ukuthi yini oyithandayo, ukuthi ingakanani imali oyitholayo. I-Uber, isibonelo, ikhombisa intengo ephezulu uma ushayela ekhaya usuka endaweni yokucima ukoma futhi kusobala ukuthi weqile. Futhi uma unenqwaba yamanye ama-aggregator ocingweni lwakho, ngokuphambene nalokho, azokunikeza ashibhile.
(Okungukuthi Kukhona izinsiza ezisebenzisa izithombe namavidiyo ukuqoqa ulwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Isibonelo, imitapo yolwazi yekhompyutha - i-Google inayo. Baskena wena nendawo okuzungezile ukuze babone ukuthi ungakanani usayizi noma ubude, yiziphi izinhlobo ozigqokayo, iyiphi imoto oyishayelayo, noma ngabe unezingane noma izilwane ezifuywayo.
(Okungukuthi Labo abahlinzeka ngamasango e-SMS emabhange ukuze bathumele ama-imeyili bangalandelela ukuthenga kwakho ekhadini - ukwazi izinombolo zokugcina ezi-4 nenombolo yocingo - bese uthengisa le datha komunye umuntu. Ngakho bonke logaxekile ngezaphulelo kanye ne-pizza njengesipho.
🤷️️ Okokugcina, thina ngokwethu siputshuza idatha yethu kumasevisi nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingakwesokunxele. Khumbula ukuthi i-hype ezungeze i-Getcontact, lapho wonke umuntu ejabule ukugcwalisa inombolo yakhe yocingo ukuze athole ukuthi ibhalwe kanjani abanye. Futhi manje thola isivumelwano sabo futhi ufunde ukuthi ithini mayelana nokudluliswa kwedatha yakho (i-spoiler: abanikazi bangayidlulisela kubantu besithathu ngokubona kwabo):
Izinkampani zingaqoqa ngempumelelo futhi zithengise idatha yomsebenzisi iminyaka, kuze kube yilapho kufika icala - njengoba kwenzeka ku-Facebook efanayo. Futhi-ke indima ewujuqu yadlalwa ukwephula kwenkampani i-GDPR - umthetho ku-EU ovimbela ukusetshenziswa kwedatha ngokuqinile kakhulu kunowaseMelika. Esinye isibonelo sakamuva ihlazo le-antivirus ye-Avast: enye yezinsizakalo ezingaphansi kwenkampani iqoqwe futhi yathengisa idatha kusuka kubasebenzisi abayizigidi eziyi-100 kuye kwezingama-400.
Kodwa ingabe konke lokhu kunenzuzo kithi?
Ingakanani idatha esisiza sonke?
Yebo, kukhona uhlangothi olukhanyayo futhi.
Idatha enkulu isiza ukubamba izigebengu futhi ivimbele ukuhlasela kwamaphekula, ithole izingane ezingekho futhi ivikeleke engozini.
Ngosizo lwabo, thina sithola izinhlinzeko ezinhle ezivela emabhange kanye nezaphulelo zomuntu siqu. Siyabonga kubo thina asizikhokheli izinsiza eziningi nezinkundla zokuxhumana ezizuza ngokukhangisa kuphela. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-Instagram iyodwa ingasibiza izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zamadola ngenyanga.
I-Facebook iyodwa inabasebenzisi abasebenzayo abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2,4. Ngasikhathi sinye, inzuzo yabo ka-2019 ifinyelele ku- $ 18,5 billion. Kuvele ukuthi inkampani ihola kufika ku-$7,7 ngonyaka kumsebenzisi ngamunye ngokukhangisa.
Okokugcina, ngezinye izikhathi kulula: lapho izinsiza seziyazi ukuthi ukuphi nokuthi ufunani, futhi akudingekile ukuthi ufune ulwazi oludingayo ngokwakho.
Enye indawo ethembisayo yokusetshenziswa kwe-Big Data imfundo.
Kwenye yamanyuvesi aseMelika eVirginia, kwenziwa ucwaningo lokuqoqa imininingwane ngabafundi beqembu elibizwa ngengozi. Laba yilabo abafunda kabi, abaphuthelwa amakilasi futhi sebezoyeka. Iqiniso wukuthi ezifundazweni minyaka yonke kubanjwa abantu ababalelwa ku-400. Lokhu kubi emanyuvesi, anezilinganiso zehlisiwe futhi ancishiswa uxhaso lwawo, nakubafundi ngokwabo: abaningi bathatha imali ebolekiwe ukuze bathole imfundo, okuyothi, ngemva kokubanjwa kwemali, kusazodingeka ukuthi ikhokhwe. Ingasaphathwa elahlekile isikhathi namathemba emisebenzi. Ngosizo lwedatha enkulu, kuyenzeka ukuhlonza abasalela emuva ngesikhathi bese ubanikeza umfundisi, amakilasi engeziwe nolunye usizo oluhlosiwe.
Lokhu, ngendlela, kufanelekile ezikoleni: khona-ke uhlelo luzokwazisa othisha nabazali - bathi, ingane inezinkinga, masimsize ndawonye. I-Big Data izokusiza futhi ukuthi uqonde ukuthi yiziphi izincwadi zokufunda ezisebenza kangcono nokuthi yibaphi othisha abachaza izinto kalula.
Esinye isibonelo esihle iphrofayili yomsebenzi.: yilapho intsha isizwa khona ukuthi inqume ngomsebenzi wayo wesikhathi esizayo. Lapha, idatha enkulu ikuvumela ukuthi uqoqe ulwazi olungatholakali ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo zendabuko: indlela umsebenzisi aziphatha ngayo, lokho akunakayo, ukuthi uxhumana kanjani nokuqukethwe.
E-USA efanayo, kunohlelo lokuqondisa umsebenzi - SC ACCELERATE. Phakathi kokunye, isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-CareerChoice GPS: ihlaziya idatha mayelana nesimo sabafundi, ukuthambekela kwabo ezifundweni, amandla kanye nobuthakathaka. Idatha bese isetshenziselwa ukusiza intsha ukuthi ikhethe amakolishi ayifanele.
Bhalisa futhi usilandele ku-Yandex.Zen — ubuchwepheshe, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ezomnotho, imfundo nokwabelana esiteshini esisodwa.