Izilwane ezingaba yizigidi ezingu-150 ngonyaka ekuhloleni okuhlukahlukene. Ukuhlolwa kwemithi, izimonyo, amakhemikhali asendlini, ucwaningo lwezempi kanye nomkhathi, ukuqeqeshwa kwezokwelapha - lolu uhlu olungaphelele lwezizathu zokufa kwabo. Umncintiswano "Isayensi Ngaphandle Konya" yaphela eMoscow: izingane zesikole ezindabeni zabo, izinkondlo nemidwebo zikhuluma ngokumelene nokuhlolwa kwezilwane.
Selokhu kwathi nhlo bekulokhu kukhona abamelene nokuhlolwa kwezilwane, kodwa umphakathi wayithatha le nkinga ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule. Ngokusho kwe-EU, izilwane ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-150 ngonyaka ziyafa ekuhlolweni: i-65% ekuhlolweni kwezidakamizwa, i-26% ocwaningweni lwesayensi oluyisisekelo (ucwaningo lwezokwelapha, ezempi kanye nomkhathi), i-8% ekuhloleni izimonyo namakhemikhali asendlini, i-1% ngesikhathi inqubo yemfundo . Lena idatha esemthethweni, futhi isimo sangempela sezindaba sinzima ngisho nokusicabanga - amazwe angama-79% lapho ukuhlolwa kwezilwane kwenziwa khona awagcini amarekhodi. I-Vivisection ithathe indawo esabekayo futhi ngokuvamile engenangqondo. Okufanelekile ukuhlola izimonyo. Phela, akukhona ukusindisa ukuphila okunye okunikelwayo, kodwa ngenxa yokuphishekela ubuhle nobusha. Ukuhlola onogwaja akunabuntu, lapho izixazululo ezisetshenziswa kuma-shampoos, i-mascara, amakhemikhali asendlini efakwe emehlweni abo, futhi babheka ukuthi zingaki amahora noma izinsuku ikhemistri ezodla ngayo abafundi.
Ukuhlola okufanayo okungenangqondo kuyenziwa ezikoleni zezokwelapha. Kungani uconsa i-asidi exoxoni, uma noma yimuphi umfana wesikole ekwazi ukubikezela ukusabela ngisho ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho - isele lizohlehlisa udladla lwalo.
“Ezifundweni kukhona ukujwayela igazi, lapho kumele kuhlatshwe umuntu ongenacala. Kuthinta umsebenzi womuntu. Unya lunqamula abantu abanobuntu ngempela abafuna ukusiza abantu nezilwane. Bavele bahambe, babhekane nesihluku osekuso unyaka wabo wokuqala. Ngokwezibalo, isayensi ilahlekelwa ochwepheshe abaningi ngokunembile ngenxa yohlangothi lwezimiso zokuziphatha. Futhi labo abasalayo bajwayele ukungaphenduli kanye nonya. Umuntu angenza noma yini esilwaneni ngaphandle kokusilawula. Ngikhuluma ngeRussia manje, ngoba awukho umthetho olawulayo lapha, ”kusho uKonstantin Sabinin, umphathi wephrojekthi e-VITA Animal Rights Protection Center.
Ukudlulisela kubantu ulwazi mayelana nemfundo yobuntu nezinye izindlela zocwaningo kwezesayensi kuwumgomo womncintiswano othi “Isayensi Ngaphandle Kobulwane,” owawubanjwe ngokuhlanganyela yi-Vita Animal Rights Center, i-International Community for Humane Education InterNICHE, i-International Association ngokumelene nayo. Ukuhlolwa Okubuhlungu Kwezilwane I-IAAPEA, inyunyana yaseBrithani yokuqedwa kwe-vivisection BUAV kanye ne-German Society "Physicians Against Animal Experiments" i-DAAE.
Ngo-April 26, 2010, eMoscow, eMnyangweni Wezemvelo we-Academy of Sciences of the Russian Federation, kwaba nomcimbi wokuklomelisa abaphumelele emncintiswaneni wesikole othi “Science Without Cruelty”, obuhlelwe yi-Vita Animal Rights Center ngokubambisana. nenani lezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ezimele amalungelo ezilwane kanye nokuqedwa kwe-vivisection.
Kodwa wona kanye umqondo womncintiswano wavela othisha besikole abavamile, bedidekile ngemfundo yokuziphatha yezingane. Kwaba nezifundo ezikhethekile lapho izingane zaboniswa khona amafilimu athi “Imfundo Yomuntu” kanye nethi “Experimental Paradigm”. Yiqiniso, ifilimu yokugcina ayizange iboniswe kuzo zonke izingane, kodwa kuphela esikoleni esiphakeme futhi ngokuhlukana - kwakukhona amadokhumenti amaningi anegazi futhi anonya. Izingane zabe sezixoxa ngale nkinga ekilasini nabazali bazo. Ngenxa yalokho, imisebenzi eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa yathunyelwa emncintiswaneni kumagama athi "Ukwakheka", "Inkondlo", "Umdwebo" kanye negama elithi "Poster", elakhiwe ngesikhathi sokufingqa. Sekukonke, izingane zesikole ezivela emazweni angu-7, amadolobha angu-105 namadolobhana angu-104 abambe iqhaza emncintiswaneni.
Uma kwakuwumsebenzi onzima kulabo abeza emcimbini ukuze bafunde zonke izindatshana, khona-ke kwakungenzeka ukucabangela imidwebo ehlobisa izindonga zehholo lenkomfa e-Russian Academy of Sciences, lapho umcimbi wemiklomelo wawubanjwe khona.
Ngandlela-thile engenangqondo, enemibala noma edwetshwe ngamalahle alula, njengomsebenzi womnqobi uChristina Shtulberg, imidwebo yezingane yayidlulisa bonke ubuhlungu nokungavumelani ngonya olungenangqondo.
Ophumelele ekuqokweni kwe- "Composition", umfundi webanga lesi-7 we-Altai School Losenkov Dmitry utshele ukuthi wayenesikhathi esingakanani esebenza ekuqanjweni. Ulwazi oluqoqiwe, lwalunesithakazelo embonweni wabantu abaseduze kwakhe.
“Akubona bonke engifunda nabo abangeseka. Mhlawumbe isizathu siwukuntuleka kolwazi noma imfundo. Inhloso yami wukudlulisa ulwazi, ngitshele ukuthi izilwane kufanele ziphathwe ngomusa,” kusho uDima.
Ngokusho kukagogo wakhe, owafika naye eMoscow, banamakati ayisithupha nezinja ezintathu emndenini wabo, futhi isisusa esikhulu sokukhulisa emndenini ukuthi indoda iyingane yemvelo, hhayi inkosi yayo.
Imincintiswano enjalo iyisinyathelo esihle nesilungile, kodwa okokuqala, inkinga ngokwayo idinga ukuxazululwa. U-Konstantin Sabinin, umphathi wephrojekthi we-VITA Animal Rights Protection Center, waqala ukuxoxa ngezinye izindlela ezikhona esikhundleni se-vivisection.
- Ngaphezu kwabasekeli nabavikeli be-vivisection, kunenani elikhulu labantu abangazi ngezinye izindlela. Yiziphi ezinye izindlela? Ngokwesibonelo, kwezemfundo.
"Kunezindlela eziningi ezihlukile zokushiya ngokuphelele i-vivisection. Amamodeli, amamodeli amathathu-ntathu lapho kukhona izinkomba ezinquma ukunemba kwezenzo zikadokotela. Ungafunda kukho konke lokhu ngaphandle kokulimaza isilwane futhi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuthula kwakho kwengqondo. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona “inja uJerry” emangalisayo. Ihlelwe ngomtapo wazo zonke izinhlobo zokuphefumula kwezinja. Angakwazi “ukwelapha” ukuphuka okuvaliwe nokuvulekile, enze ukuhlinzwa. Izinkomba zizobonisa uma kukhona okungahambi kahle.
Ngemva kokusebenza ekulingiseni, umfundi usebenza nezidumbu zezilwane ezafa ngenxa yemvelo. Khona-ke umkhuba womtholampilo, lapho udinga kuqala ukubheka ukuthi odokotela basebenza kanjani, bese usiza.
- Ingabe kukhona abakhiqizi bezinye izinto zokufunda eRussia?
- Kukhona isithakazelo, kodwa akukho ukukhiqizwa okwamanje.
— Futhi yiziphi ezinye izindlela ezikhona kusayensi? Phela, ingxabano enkulu iwukuthi izidakamizwa zingahlolwa kuphela entweni ephilayo.
- Ingxabano ishaya ngesiko lomhume, ithathwa yilabo bantu abaqondi kancane ngesayensi. Kubalulekile ukuthi bathathe isihlalo epulpiti bese bedonsa ibhande elidala. Okuhlukile ku-cell culture. Ochwepheshe abaningi ngokwengeziwe emhlabeni bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ukuhlolwa kwezilwane akunikezi isithombe esanele. Idatha etholiwe ayinakudluliselwa emzimbeni womuntu.
Imiphumela emibi kakhulu yayingemva kokusetshenziswa kwe-thalidomide - i-sedative kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Izilwane zazibekezelela ngokuphelele zonke izifundo, kodwa lapho umuthi uqala ukusetshenziswa abantu, izingane eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10 zazalwa zinemilenze engalungile noma zingenazo nhlobo. Itshe lesikhumbuzo lezisulu zeThalidomide lamiswa eLondon.
Kunohlu olukhulu lwezidakamizwa ezingakadluliswa kubantu. Kukhona nomphumela ophambene - amakati, isibonelo, awaboni i-morphine njenge-anesthetic. Futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamangqamuzana ocwaningweni kunikeza umphumela onembe kakhudlwana. Ezinye izindlela ziyasebenza, zithembekile futhi ziyonga. Phela, ucwaningo lwezidakamizwa ezilwaneni cishe iminyaka engu-20 nezigidi zamaRandi. Futhi yini umphumela? Ingozi kubantu, ukufa kwezilwane nokushushumbiswa kwemali.
- Yiziphi ezinye izindlela ezitholakala ezimonyoni?
- Yiziphi ezinye izindlela, uma kusukela ngo-2009 iYurophu ivimbele ngokuphelele ukuhlolwa kwezimonyo ezilwaneni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ngo-2013, ukuvinjelwa kokungeniswa kwezimonyo ezihloliwe kuzoqala ukusebenza. Izimonyo ziyinto embi kakhulu eyake yaba khona. Ngenxa yokutotoswa, ngenjongo yokuzijabulisa, kubulawa amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezilwane. Akudingekile. Futhi manje kukhona ukuthambekela okufanayo kwezimonyo zemvelo, futhi akudingekile ukuyihlola.
Eminyakeni engu-15 edlule, angizange ngicabange ngakho konke lokhu. Ngangazi, kodwa angizange ngikubheke njengenkinga, kwaze kwaba yilapho umngane kadokotela wezilwane engibonisa ukuthi ukhilimu womkami uquketheni – wawuqukethe izingxenye ezifile zezilwane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uPaul McCartney washiya ngokudelela imikhiqizo kaGillette. Ngaqala ukufunda, futhi ngahlatshwa umxhwele imiqulu ekhona, lezi zibalo: Izilwane eziyizigidi ezingu-150 ngonyaka ziyafa ekuhlolweni.
- Ungathola kanjani ukuthi iyiphi inkampani ehlola izilwane nokuthi iyiphi engakwenzi?
Kukhona nohlu lwamafemu. Okuningi kuthengiswa eRussia, futhi ungashintshela ngokuphelele emikhiqizweni yezinkampani ezingasebenzisi izilwane ekuhlolweni. Futhi lesi kuzoba yisinyathelo sokuqala esiya esintwini.