Esithombeni esimnyama nokumhlophe, intombazane ephethe iminsalo ingibhekile ngokucophelela. Lesi isithombe sami. Kusukela lapho, ubude bami, isisindo, izici zobuso, izithakazelo, ulwazi kanye nemikhuba kushintshile. Ngisho nama-molecule kuwo wonke amangqamuzana omzimba akwazi ukushintsha izikhathi eziningana. Kodwa nokho ngiqinisekile ukuthi intombazane ephethe iminsalo esithombeni kanye nowesifazane omdala ophethe isithombe ezandleni zakhe bangumuntu ofanayo. Kungenzeka kanjani lokhu?
Le mfumbe kufilosofi ibizwa ngokuthi inkinga yomuntu siqu. Yaqala yaklanywa ngokucacile isazi sefilosofi esiyiNgisi uJohn Locke. Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, lapho u-Locke ebhala imibhalo yakhe, kwakunenkolelo yokuthi umuntu "uyinto" - leli yigama izazi zefilosofi ezibiza lokho okungaba khona ngokwako. Umbuzo wawuwukuthi kuphela uhlobo olunjani lwento - impahla noma engeyona impahla? Umzimba ofayo noma umphefumulo ongafi?
U-Locke ucabange ukuthi umbuzo awulungile. Indaba yomzimba ishintsha ngaso sonke isikhathi - ingaba kanjani isiqinisekiso sokuthi ungubani? Akekho oye wabona futhi ngeke abone umphefumulo - emva kwakho konke, ngokwencazelo, okungezona izinto ezibonakalayo futhi aziboleki ocwaningweni lwesayensi. Sazi kanjani ukuthi umphefumulo wethu uyafana noma cha?
Ukuze asize umfundi abone inkinga ngendlela ehlukile, u-Locke wenze indaba.
Ubuntu kanye nezici zomlingiswa zincike ebuchosheni. Ukulimala nokugula kwakhe kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezimfanelo zakhe.
Cabanga nje inkosana ethile ivuka ngelinye ilanga futhi imangale ithola ukuthi isemzimbeni womthungi wezicathulo. Uma inkosana igcine zonke izinkumbulo nemikhuba yayo yokuphila yangaphambili esigodlweni, lapho ingase ingasavunyelwa ukungena, sizombheka njengomuntu ofanayo, naphezu koshintsho olwenzekile.
Ubunikazi bomuntu siqu, ngokusho kuka-Locke, ukuqhubeka kwenkumbulo nomlingiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kusukela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, isayensi ithathe igxathu elikhulu phambili. Manje siyazi ukuthi ubuntu nezici zomlingiswa zincike ebuchosheni. Ukulimala nokugula kwakhe kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezimfanelo zomuntu siqu, futhi amaphilisi nezidakamizwa, okuthinta ukusebenza kobuchopho, kuthinta umbono wethu nokuziphatha.
Ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi inkinga yomuntu siqu isixazululiwe? Esinye isazi sefilosofi esiyiNgisi, uDerek Parfit wangaleso sikhathi, akacabangi kanjalo. Waqhamuka nolunye udaba.
Akulona ikusasa elikude kakhulu. Ososayensi basungule i-teleportation. Iresiphi ilula: ekuqaleni, umuntu ungena edokodweni lapho isithwebuli sibhala khona ulwazi mayelana nokuma kwe-athomu ngayinye yomzimba wakhe. Ngemva kokuskena, umzimba uyabhujiswa. Khona-ke lolu lwazi ludluliselwa ngomsakazo endaweni yokwamukela, lapho umzimba ofanayo uhlanganiswa kusukela ezintweni ezithuthukisiwe. Umhambi uzwa nje ukuthi ungena endlini encane eMhlabeni, ulahlekelwa ukwazi umzuzwana futhi uyaphaphama kakade ku-Mars.
Ekuqaleni, abantu bayesaba teleport. Kodwa kukhona abashisekayo abakulungele ukuzama. Uma befika lapho beya khona, babika njalo uma uhambo luhambe kahle - kulula kakhulu futhi ishibhile kunemikhumbi-mkhathi evamile. Emphakathini kusuke kumila umbono wokuthi umuntu uwulwazi nje.
Ubunikazi bomuntu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungase kungabi kubaluleke kangako - okubalulekile ukuthi lokho esikwazisayo nothando kuyaqhubeka kukhona.
Kodwa ngolunye usuku iyaphahlazeka. Lapho u-Derek Parfit ecindezela inkinobho e-teleporter booth, umzimba wakhe uskenwa kahle futhi ukwaziswa kuthunyelwa ku-Mars. Nokho, ngemva kokuskenwa, isidumbu sikaParfit asibhujiswa, kodwa sihlala siseMhlabeni. UParfit wasemhlabeni uphuma endlini encane futhi ufunda ngenkathazo emehlele.
U-Parfit wasemhlabeni akanaso isikhathi sokujwayela umqondo wokuthi une-double, njengoba ethola izindaba ezintsha ezingemnandi - ngesikhathi sokuskena, umzimba wakhe wonakalisiwe. Uzofa maduzane. UParfit wasemhlabeni wethukile. Kubaluleke ngani kuye ukuthi uParfit the Martian usaphila!
Nokho, sidinga ukukhuluma. Bangena ocingweni lwe-video, uParfit the Martian ududuza uParfit the Earthman, ethembisa ukuthi uzophila impilo yakhe njengoba babehlelile bobabili esikhathini esidlule, uzothanda unkosikazi wabo, akhulise izingane futhi abhale nencwadi. Ekupheleni kwengxoxo, u-Parfit the Earthman ududuzekile kancane, nakuba namanje akaqondi ukuthi yena nalo muntu ose-Mars, noma ngabe akahlukaniseki kuye ngalutho, angaba umuntu ofanayo?
Iyini isimilo sale ndaba? Isazi sefilosofi kaParfit esabhala lesi sihloko siphakamisa ukuthi ukwaziwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungase kungabi kubaluleke kangako—okubalulekile ukuthi lokho esikwazisayo nesikuthandayo kuyaqhubeka kukhona. Ukuze kube nomuntu ozokhulisa izingane zethu ngendlela ebesiyifuna ngayo, futhi aqedele incwadi yethu.
Izazi zefilosofi ezithanda izinto ezibonakalayo zingase ziphethe ngokuthi ukuthi ungubani, empeleni, ukuthi ungubani. Futhi abasekeli bemfundiso yolwazi lomuntu bangaphetha ngokuthi into eyinhloko ukugcinwa kwezinyathelo zokuphepha.
Isikhundla sabathandi bezinto ezibonakalayo siseduze nami, kodwa lapha, njengakunoma iyiphi ingxabano yefilosofi, isikhundla ngasinye sinelungelo lokuba khona. Ngoba kusekelwe kulokho okungakavunyelwana ngakho. Futhi lokho, nokho, akukwazi ukusishiya singenandaba.