Ngokomlando, i-UK ibilokhu iyisizinda senkulumompikiswano eshubile mayelana nonya lwezilwane kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezilwane ocwaningweni. Inqwaba yezinhlangano ezizinze kahle e-UK ezifana ne (National Anti-Vivisection Society) kanye ne (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) ziye zasikhanyisela ngonya lwezilwane futhi zithole ukwesekwa komphakathi ukuze kulawuleke kangcono ucwaningo lwezilwane. Ngokwesibonelo, isithombe esidumile esanyatheliswa ngo-1975 sashaqisa abafundi bakamagazini i-Sunday People futhi saba nomthelela omkhulu embonweni wokuhlolwa kwezilwane.
Kusukela lapho, izindinganiso zokuziphatha zocwaningo lwezilwane ziye zashintsha ngokuphawulekayo zaba ngcono, kodwa i-UK isenayo enye yamazinga aphezulu kakhulu okuhlolwa kwezilwane eYurophu. Ngo-2015, kwaba nezinqubo zokuhlola ezenziwa ezilwaneni ezihlukahlukene.
Amakhodi amaningi okuziphatha okusetshenziswa kwezilwane ocwaningweni lokuhlola asekelwe ezimisweni ezintathu, ezaziwa nangokuthi “ama-R amathathu” (ukushintsha, ukuncishiswa, ukucwengisiswa): ukushintshwa (uma kungenzeka, esikhundleni sokuhlolwa kwezilwane nezinye izindlela zocwaningo), ukunciphisa (uma kungenzeka. akukho okunye, ukusetshenziswa ekuhloleni njengezilwane ezimbalwa ngangokunokwenzeka) kanye nokwenza ngcono (ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokunciphisa ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka kwezilwane ezihlolwayo).
Umgomo othi “Tree R” uyisisekelo seningi lezinqubomgomo ezikhona emhlabeni jikelele, okuhlanganisa ne-Directive of the European Parliament kanye ne-Council of the European Union yangomhla zingama-22 kuSepthemba, 2010 mayelana nokuvikelwa kwezilwane. Phakathi kwezinye izidingo, lo myalelo usungula izindinganiso eziphansi zezindlu nokunakekelwa futhi udinga ukuhlolwa kobuhlungu, ukuhlupheka kanye nokulimala kwesikhathi eside okubangelwa izilwane. Ngakho-ke, okungenani e-European Union, igundane laselabhorethri kufanele linakekelwe kahle ngabantu abanolwazi okudingeka ukuthi bagcine izilwane ezimweni eziqinisekisa impilo yabo nokuphila kahle ngemingcele encane yezidingo zokuziphatha.
Umgomo othi “ama-R amathathu” ubonwa ososayensi nomphakathi njengesilinganiso esiphusile sokwamukeleka kokuziphatha. Kodwa umbuzo uwukuthi: kungani lo mqondo usebenza kuphela ekusetshenzisweni kwezilwane ocwaningweni? Kungani lokhu kungasebenzi nasezilwaneni zasemapulazini nasekuhlatshweni kwezilwane?
Uma kuqhathaniswa nenani lezilwane ezisetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuhlola, inani lezilwane ezibulawa unyaka ngamunye likhulu kakhulu. Isibonelo, ngo-2014 e-UK, inani lezilwane ezibulewe lalingu-. Ngakho-ke, e-UK, inani lezilwane ezisetshenziselwa inqubo yokuhlola lilinganiselwa ku-0,2% kuphela yenani lezilwane ezibulawelwa ukukhiqizwa kwenyama.
, olwenziwa yinkampani yaseBrithani yocwaningo lwemakethe i-Ipsos MORI ngo-2017, yabonisa ukuthi i-26% yomphakathi waseBrithani izosekela ukuvinjelwa okuphelele kokusetshenziswa kwezilwane ekuhlolweni, kodwa nokho kuphela i-3,25% yalabo ababebambe iqhaza kulolu cwaningo abazange badle. inyama ngaleso sikhathi . Kungani kunomehluko onjalo? Ngakho umphakathi awunandaba nezilwane ezidlayo kunezilwane ozisebenzisa ekucwaningeni?
Ukuze singaguquguquki ekulandeleni izimiso zethu zokuziphatha, kumelwe siphathe ngokulinganayo zonke izilwane ezisetshenziswa abantu kunoma iyiphi injongo. Kodwa uma sisebenzisa umgomo ofanayo wokuziphatha "wo-Rs amathathu" ekusetshenzisweni kwezilwane ekukhiqizeni inyama, lokhu kungasho ukuthi:
1) Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, inyama yesilwane kufanele ishintshwe okunye ukudla (isimiso sokushintsha).
2) Uma ingekho enye indlela, kufanele kudliwe inani elincane kuphela lezilwane ezidingekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokudla okunomsoco (umgomo wokunciphisa).
3) Lapho kuhlatshwa izilwane, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kuncishiswe ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka kwazo (isimiso sokuthuthukisa).
Ngakho-ke, uma yomithathu imigomo isetshenziswa ekuhlatshweni kwezilwane ukuze kukhiqizwe inyama, imboni yenyama izoshabalala.
Maye, akunakwenzeka ukuthi izindinganiso zokuziphatha zizogcinwa ngokuphathelene nazo zonke izilwane esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Izinga elikabili elikhona maqondana nezilwane ezisetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuhlola nezibulawelwa ukudla ligxilile kumasiko nemithetho. Kodwa-ke, kunezinkomba zokuthi umphakathi ungahle usebenzise ama-R amathathu ekukhetheni indlela yokuphila, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abantu bayakuqaphela lokho noma cha.
Ngokusho kwenhlangano esiza abantulayo i-The Vegan Society, inani lama-vegans e-UK lenza i-veganism ibe yindlela yokuphila ekhula ngokushesha. bathi bazama ukugwema ukusebenzisa izinto nemikhiqizo ethathwe noma ehilela izilwane. Ukutholakala kwezinto ezithatha indawo yenyama kuye kwanda ezitolo, futhi imikhuba yokuthenga yabathengi isishintshe kakhulu.
Kafushane, asikho isizathu esihle sokungasebenzisi "ama-R amathathu" ekusetshenzisweni kwezilwane ekukhiqizeni inyama, ngoba lesi simiso silawula ukusetshenziswa kwezilwane ekuhlolweni. Kodwa akuxoxwa ngakho mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezilwane ekukhiqizeni inyama - futhi lokhu kuyisibonelo esiyinhloko sezindinganiso ezimbili.