Okuqukethwe
Ukudla okudala noma okungcolile kugcwele izingozi nezifo eziningi. Ukugcinwa okungalungile, ukungcoliswa yisikhunta namagciwane, amanzi agelezayo ampofu, ageza imikhiqizo, ukwelashwa okwanele kokushisa - konke lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezingathandeki nezimo eziyingozi. Yini eyingozi ngokudla okuvamile?
E. coli
Emathunjini ethu kuhlala amagciwane amaningi, futhi isilinganiso sansuku zonke siyahlukahluka kuye ngokudla okunikezwa umzimba. Zonke azinangozi, ngaphandle kwe-O157:H7. Leli gciwane lidala ubuthi obunzima bokudla obuholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo. Kusakazwa ngokudla okungcolile: imikhiqizo eluhlaza noma engagaywe kahle evela enyameni egayiwe, ubisi olungaphekiwe, izithelo, nemifino ebithinta indle yezilwane ezinamagciwane.
Izinyathelo: pheka kahle ukudla okungenani ezingeni lokushisa lama-70 degrees. Izithelo nemifino eluhlaza kungahlanzwa kahle emanzini abandayo abandayo.
Norovirus
Yigciwane lamathumbu elidluliselwa ngezithelo nemifino engageziwe, amanzi angcolile nezinto zasendlini. Izimpawu zokuqala zingavela ngemuva kosuku noma ezimbili ngemuva kokutheleleka. Kubangela ukuhlanza, ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu, nomkhuhlane.
Izinyathelo: Geza umkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa, pheka kahle izimbaza, bese ugeza izandla zakho ngaphambi kokudla. INorovirus ibulawa emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwama-60 degrees.
I-Salmonella
Lawa magciwane aqukethwe emaqandeni, futhi ezimweni eziningi, aba yimbangela yalesi sifo. I-Salmonella itholakala enyameni nasemikhiqizo yobisi, inhlanzi, nezilwane zasolwandle. Ezinsukwini ezi-2 ngemuva kokutheleleka kuphakamisa kakhulu izinga lokushisa, iqala ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ikhanda.
Izinyathelo: pheka amaqanda kuze kuqiniswe ngokuphelele kwe-albhamuen ne-yolk, inyama yenkukhu, kanye nokupheka okugayiwe kuze kube yithenda.
I-Botulism
Lokhu kutheleleka kubangelwa ubuthi be-bacterium Clostridium botulinum ayidluliswa isuka kumuntu iye komunye. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ekheniwe, kuhlanganise namalungiselelo asekhaya.
Isenzo: uma isivalo sethini sivuvukile, ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo akunakwenzeka. Amathini asekhaya angcono ukuthi abiliswe ngaphambi kokuwasebenzisa futhi kufanele siwagcine kahle efrijini.
I-Campylobacterium
Lolu hlobo lwamagciwane lungatheleleka ngokudla inyama engaphekiwe kahle, izinkukhu, kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi engagaywanga. , Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze uthole ukutheleleka, kwanele iconsi elilodwa lejusi yenyama enegciwane.
Isenzo: kumele isetshenziselwe ukusika imikhiqizo yenyama kuphela ibhodi lokusika elihlukile, linakekele ngokucophelela ngemva kokupheka, futhi inyama kufanele ishiswe ekushiseni okuphezulu okuvumelekile.
Listeria
Ukubanda kweBactria kudluliselwa ngokudla. Izibonakalisa ekunciphiseni amasosha omzimba, isifo sohudo, umkhuhlane, isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
Izinyathelo: pheka inyama ize iphekwe ngokuphelele, geza ngokucophelela izithelo nemifino, gwema ukugcina ukudla okusemathinini nokwenziwe ngomumo efrijini izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezintathu.
I-Clostridium perfringens
Leli gciwane liyingxenye ye-microflora ye-pathogenic yomuntu. Basemathunjini omuntu. Imikhiqizo eyingozi ingcoliswe ubuthi bebhaktheriya: inyama, izinkukhu, okusanhlamvu, nokunye.
Izinyathelo: pheka inyama ukuze uqedele ukulungela, futhi konke ukudla okufrijini kuyashisa ngaphambi kokudla.
Shigella
Ama-causative agents of dysentery angena emzimbeni ngamanzi nangokudla. Ubuhlungu besisu, uhudo, ukubanda, ukuhlanza, imfiva kufanele kudlule ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7; uma kungenjalo, uzodinga inkambo yama-antibiotic.
Isenzo: phuza amanzi asemabhodleleni bese udla ukudla okuphekwe kahle.
I-Bacilli
I-Bacillus cereus yi-ejenti ebangela ubuthi ekudleni. Amagciwane ayanda ekamelweni lokushisa futhi anikeze zonke izimpawu ezingemnandi emahoreni ambalwa ngemuva kokutheleleka.
Izinyathelo: ungadli ukudla okusele etafuleni isikhathi eside, gcina ukudla esiqandisini isivalo sivaliwe, futhi ungadli ukudla okonakalayo ngemuva kokuphela kwesitoreji sakho.
I-Vibrio
La magciwane ahlala emanzini anosawoti futhi ayachuma ezinyangeni ezifudumele zasehlobo. Zithinta izimbaza, ikakhulukazi ama-oysters. Ukuzidla ziluhlaza kuyingozi enkulu.
Izinyathelo: ungadli ukudla kwasolwandle okuluhlaza uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi zihamba kanjani emanzini nekhwalithi yazo. Ama-oysters, izimbaza, kanye nama-clams apheka imizuzu emi-5 noma ngaphezulu kuze kuvele usinki.