Amazwi ekhanda abantu abane-schizophrenia abawezwayo ngokuvamile angamahlaya, ngenxa nje yokuthi ukucabanga into enjalo kuyethusa ngempela abaningi bethu. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzama ukunqoba lokhu kwesaba futhi uqonde ukuthi yini ngempela eyenzekayo engqondweni yeziguli ukuze sithathe esinye isinyathelo esibheke ekuqedeni lokhu kuphazamiseka kwengqondo kanye nokunye okuningi.
Enye yezimpawu ze-schizophrenia (hhayi nje kuphela) i-hallucinations yokuzwa, futhi i-spectrum yabo ibanzi kakhulu. Ezinye iziguli zizwa imisindo eyodwa kuphela: ikhwela, ukuhleba, ukugquma. Abanye bakhuluma ngenkulumo ecacile namazwi akhuluma nabo ngemilayezo ethile - okuhlanganisa imiyalo yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Kwenzeka ukuthi bagqugquzela isiguli kokuthile - isibonelo, bayala ukuzilimaza bona noma abanye.
Futhi kunezinkulungwane zobufakazi bamazwi anjalo. Nansi indlela umgqugquzeli wodumo lwesayensi, isazi sezinto eziphilayo u-Alexander Panchin, esichaza ngayo lesi simo encwadini yesayensi ethandwayo ethi “Protection from the Dark Arts”: “Iziguli ezine-schizophrenia zivame ukubona, ukuzwa futhi zizwe izinto ezingekho. Isibonelo, amazwi okhokho, izingelosi noma amademoni. Ngakho-ke, ezinye iziguli zikholelwa ukuthi zikhohliswa udeveli noma izinkonzo eziyimfihlo.”
Yiqiniso, kulabo abangakaze bahlangabezane nanoma yini efana nalokhu, kunzima ukukholelwa kulolu hlobo lwe-hallucination, kodwa izifundo ezisebenzisa i-Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) ziqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abaningi bayakuzwa ngempela lokho abanye abangakuzwa. Kwenzekani ebuchosheni babo?
Kuvela ukuthi phakathi neziqephu ze-hallucinatory ezigulini ze-schizophrenic, izindawo ezifanayo zobuchopho zisebenza njengalabo bethu abazwa umsindo wangempela. Ucwaningo oluningana lwe-fMRI lubonise ukwenziwa kusebenze okwengeziwe endaweni ye-Broca, isifunda sobuchopho esibhekele ukukhiqizwa kwenkulumo.
Kungani ingxenye yobuchopho enesibopho sombono wenkulumo icushiwe, njengokungathi kukhona okuzwile ngempela umuntu?
Ukwehliswa isithunzi sokugula ngengqondo kuyinqubo yenhlalo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebaluleke ngendlela emangalisayo.
Ngokombono owodwa, ukucabangela okunjalo kuhlotshaniswa nokuntuleka kwesakhiwo sobuchopho - isibonelo, ngokuxhumeka okubuthakathaka phakathi kwe-lobes yangaphambili neyesikhashana. “Amaqembu athile ezinzwa, lawo anomthwalo wemfanelo ekudaleni nasekuboneni inkulumo, angaqala ukusebenza ngokuzimele, ngaphandle kokulawula noma ithonya lezinye izimiso zobuchopho,” kubhala udokotela wezifo zengqondo waseYunivesithi yaseYale uRalph Hoffman. “Kufana nengxenye yezintambo zeqembu le-orchestra ngokuzumayo yanquma ukudlala owayo umculo, inganaki wonke umuntu.”
Abantu abanempilo enhle abangakaze bahlangabezane nalezi zinto ngokuvamile bakhetha ukwenza ihlaya mayelana nokubona izinto ezingekho kanye nokukhohlisa. Mhlawumbe, lokhu kuyindlela yethu yokuzivikela: ukucabanga ukuthi i-monologue yomunye umuntu ibonakala ngokuzumayo ekhanda, engakwazi ukuphazanyiswa umzamo wokuthanda, kungase kwesabe ngempela.
Yingakho ukucekelwa phansi kokugula ngengqondo kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebaluleke ngendlela emangalisayo. UCecilly McGaugh, isazi sezinkanyezi sase-USA, unikeze inkulumo engqungqutheleni ye-TED ethi "Angisiyo inunu", ekhuluma ngokugula kwakhe nokuthi umuntu onalesi sifo uphila kanjani.
Emhlabeni, umsebenzi wokunciphisa ukugula kwengqondo kwenziwa ngochwepheshe abahlukene kakhulu. Akubandakanyi osopolitiki kuphela, odokotela bengqondo kanye nezinsizakalo zezenhlalakahle. Ngakho-ke, u-Rafael D. de S. Silva, uprofesa ohlanganyele wobuchwepheshe bamakhompiyutha eNyuvesi yase-Southern California, kanye nozakwabo bahlongoza ukulwa nokucwaswa kweziguli ezine-schizophrenia kusetshenziswa ... okungokoqobo okungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona.
Abantu abanempilo (iqembu lokuhlola lalihlanganisa nabafundi bezokwelapha) bacelwa ukuthi badlule kuseshini yamaqiniso e-augmented. Baboniswa ukulingisa okulalelwayo nokubonwayo kokuqagela ku-schizophrenia. Lapho behlola uhlu lwemibuzo lwabahlanganyeli, abacwaningi baqopha ukuncipha okukhulu kokungabaza kanye nozwela olukhulu ngendaba yesiguli esine-schizophrenic abatshelwe yona ngaphambi kwesipiliyoni esibonakalayo.
Nakuba uhlobo lwe-schizophrenia lungacacile ngokuphelele, kusobala ukuthi ukubukelwa phansi kweziguli zengqondo kuwumsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu womphakathi. Phela, uma ungenamahloni okugula, khona-ke ngeke ube namahloni okuphendukela kodokotela ukuze uthole usizo.