Imboni enkulu yamafilimu emhlabeni - iHollywood - kancane kancane ishintshela kumakhompyutha ukuze kuqedwe izimangalo zokuphathwa kabi kwezilwane nokwenza ukuphila kwazo kube lula.
I-Hollywood inomlando omude noyinkimbinkimbi wonya nokungaphathwa kahle kwezilwane ... Enye yezindaba zokuqala ezingajabulisi "nabafowethu abancane" ebhayisikobho ingabhekwa njengesigcawu esimangalisayo ku-movie "" ngo-1939 nomculi wangaleso sikhathi. , okusolwa ukuthi umfana wezinkomo uziphonse kwalasha egibele amahhashi. "Umfana wezinkomo" ngokwakhe akazange alimale, kodwa ukuze aqophe lesi sigameko, amahhashi ayevalwe amehlo futhi ... aphoqeleka ngempela ukuba agxume esuka eweni eliphakeme. Ihhashi laphuka umgogodla ladutshulwa. Kubukeka sengathi ubudlova obunjalo akunakwenzeka kulezi zinsuku, kodwa akuyona yonke into elula kangaka ...
Ukudalwa kwe-American Association for the Humane Treatment of Animals (AHA) ngawo-1980 kwenza kube lula ukwengeza umugqa opholile "Azikho izilwane ezalinyazwa ekwenzeni le filimu" kuze kube sekugcineni nasekuvuleni amakhredithi. Kodwa empeleni, abanye ababukele bayaqaphela ukuthi ukudalwa kwale nhlangano ngezinye izikhathi kumane nje kuyisiqalo sokuphathwa kabi kwezilwane, ngoba. kusho inani lemikhawulo engathi sína yesibopho, noma ngabe isilwane safa kusethi! Isivumelwano phakathi kwabaphathi baseHollywood kanye ne-ANA sinikeze, empeleni, ukuthi ummeleli oyedwa kuphela wale nhlangano kwakudingeka abe khona kusethi - "ngenxa yalokhu" i-ANA yanikeza ilungelo lokubeka umugqa omuhle kumakhredithi! Futhi ingabe umbukeli oyedwa wakwazi ukulandela inqubo yokuqopha, futhi wenzani, "ethula" kusethi, futhi hlobo luni lobuhlobo nezilwane oluhambisana nencazelo ethi "umuntu" - lokhu kwaziwa kuphela ku-ANA. Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi kungaba yini ukuhlukumeza - futhi, ngesinye isikhathi, kwaba! (bheka ngezansi) - kunembeza "womcwaningi mabhuku" omncane futhi onesizungu.
Kulezi zinsuku, izilwane azifi kumakhamera njengoba kwenzeka ku-Jesse James – i-ANA ikubhekile lokho. Ngaphandle kwalokho, empeleni, akukho okunye. Njengoba i-ANA icacise ngemva kokufa kwezilwane ezingu-27 kusethi ye-movie ethi "The Hobbit" kubantatheli be-Hollywood press, amagama amahle "Azikho izilwane ezalimala ngesikhathi sokuqoshwa kwale filimu", ngoba. akukho okuqinisekisiwe. Kusho nje ukuthi izilwane azihluphekanga futhi azifanga ngenkathi ikhamera yefilimu izithwebula! Kukhona omunye umkhawulo - izilwane zingafa ngenxa yokunganaki kwabasebenzi befilimu, ngokungenhloso - futhi kulokhu, futhi, isiqubulo esihle ekupheleni kwefilimu asisuswa. Ngakho-ke, le nhlangano yavuma ngokungaguquki ukuthi amafilimu amaningi aseHollywood, "ahlolwe futhi agunyazwa" yi-ANA, aqoshwa nezilwane ezifa. Nokho, isivele isendaweni yomphakathi.
Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ngo-2003, ngemva kwezinsuku ezine zokuqoshwa kwangaphandle kwefilimu "" kwakukhona izinhlanzi eziningi ezifile nama-octopus ogwini. Abamele i-ANA bamane banqabile ukuphawula ngalo mcimbi esidlangalaleni.
Kusethi yefilimu yezingane mayelana nezilwane "" (2006), amahhashi amabili afa. Imizamo yophenyo yangasese mayelana nesigameko ngummeli u-Bob Ferber. Amahhashi nawo abe neshwa kusethi yochungechunge lwethelevishini lwe-HBO "" (2012) - ngemuva kwamahhashi ama-4 ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesethi (indaba engaqondakali) kanye nezikhalazo ezalandela (kuhlanganise nokusuka), isizini yesibili ikhanseliwe.
Ngo-2006, i-Disney yathwebula ifilimu ethinta inhliziyo nethandwa ifilimu yomndeni eminingi mayelana nokwethembeka kwezinja "" nenkanyezi u-Paul Walker. Akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi enye yezinja esethi yakhahlelwa ngesihluku. Ephendula ukusabela kwezishoshovu zamalungelo abantu, i-ANA ithe umqeqeshi kusolakala ukuthi uhlukanise izinja ezilwayo ngale ndlela, futhi izihloko ezikule filimu akumele zishintshwe.
Kusethi yamahlaya ka-2011 "" indlulamithi yafa (naphezu kokuba khona kommeleli we-ANA). Futhi kusethi yefilimu "" (2011), abaqeqeshi bashaya ... ubani omunye? - indlovu (noma kunjalo, isiqondiso sefilimu siyakuphika lokhu). Ngakho, akuwona wonke amafilimu ezingane anezimiso zokuziphatha ngokulinganayo.
Njengoba kwenzeka, lapho udala ifilimu ethandwayo "" (2012) - futhi baphatha izilwane ngonya! Kuhlanganisa nokudutshulwa kwezilwane echibini, ingwe yacishe yaminza. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi i-tiger kule filimu iwumkhiqizo "wedijithali" ngokuphelele, umlingiswa we-animation wekhompyutha, kodwa akunjalo. Kwezinye iziqephu, kwaqoshwa ingwe eqeqeshwe ngempela okuthiwa uKing. Isisebenzi sika-ANA u-Gina Johnson mayelana nento eyihlazo nengwe, lapho, ngenxa yobudedengu babadlali befilimu, ingwe yacishe yaminza, yakwazi ukusindiswa ngokuyisimangaliso - kodwa ayizange itshele abaphathi bayo, futhi hhayi iziphathimandla, kodwa umngane wayo. ku-imeyili yomuntu siqu. “Ungatsheli muntu ngale ndaba, ngibe nenkinga yokufaka leli cala emabhulekini!” wabhala ingqapheli yamalungelo abantu ye-ANA ekupheleni kwale ncwadi yangasese ngosonhlamvukazi. Le ncwadi ibe umgomo wokubhekisiswa umphakathi ngemuva kokuputshuka kwemininingwane ekuqoshweni kwayo. Njengomphumela wophenyo olwengeziwe, kwavela ukuthi umbukeli wayenobudlelwane nommeleli omkhulu wobuholi bale filimu - ngakho walivala leli cala (futhi, ngubani owaziyo, mhlawumbe nabanye). Futhi ekugcineni, akukho nokuxolisa okwenziwe "kubantwana nabazali", futhi izikweletu zefilimu zisho ngokuziqhenya ukuthi "Asikho nesisodwa isilwane esilinyaziwe." I-"Life of Pi" ilethe abadali bayo amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-609 futhi yathola ama-"Oscar" angu-4. Izibukeli eziningi zisaqiniseka ukuthi ingwe noma zonke izilwane ezikufilimu ziyimifanekiso yekhompyutha engu-XNUMX%.
Kamuva, ukuphathwa okungekho emthethweni kwezilwane kusethi ye-Life of Pi kwathola umoya wesibili lapho ividiyo yengwe ishaywa ngesihluku umqeqeshi ofanayo owahlinzeka ngengwe yayo ye-Life of Pi iputshuzwa ku-inthanethi. Lo mqeqeshi, okuthe uma ephendula ihlazo elalandela, uthe kusolakala ukuthi ushaye ingwe ngemvubu, kodwa washaya phansi phambi kwakhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuqoshwa kubonisa ngokucacile indlela yena, echofoza ingwe elele emhlane ngemvubu ngokuphindaphindiwe, futhi ungamuzwa, njengomuntu odabukisayo wangempela: "Ngithanda ukumshaya ebusweni. Nasezidladleni ... Uma ebeka izidladla zakhe etsheni, bese ngimshaya – yinhle. Ngoba kubuhlungu nakakhulu,” nokunye. (Irekhodi manje, kodwa akunconywa ukuthi ulibuke lithatheka kalula!).
Akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi kusethi yenye i-megablockbuster - ifilimu yokuqala ye-trilogy "" esekelwe encwadini ka-JRR Tolkien - kwesinye isigameko lapho ithimba lefilimu lingenzi lutho: amaphoni, izimvu, izimbuzi. Abanye babo bafa ngenxa yokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, abanye baminza emiseleni yamanzi. Ukuqeqeshwa kwezilwane kwenzeka epulazini elise-New Zealand elinganikezwanga umbukeli we-ANA. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho umqeqeshi oyinhloko wefilimu (uJohn Smith) ngokwakhe ezama ukuphenya izimbangela zale nhlekelele, eyayingathandeki kuye, ngokuxhumana ne-ANA, wenqatshwa, wengeza ukuthi, ngenxa yokuntuleka kobufakazi, wayezokwenza. namanje akakwazi ukufakazela lutho. Kwaze kwaba ngemva kokuba uSmith ebike ukuthi wayengcwabe izilwane ezifile ngezandla zakhe eduze kwalelo pulazi, futhi wayesekulungele ukukhomba amaphoyisa mathupha lapho amathambo azo, lapho u-ANA washintsha khona okujwayelekile “... azikho izilwane ezalinyazwa” izikweletu zale filimu kwenye, amagama alula - ukuthi izigcawu ngokubamba iqhaza kwenani elikhulu lezilwane kule filimu ziqoshwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwabameleli bazo. Nalesi sitatimende kuvela ukuthi singamanga...
Yebo, i-ANA okungenani, kodwa bayawenza umsebenzi wabo. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuqoshwa kwe-blockbuster yakamuva "" (2011) ne-superstar yaseMelika u-Matt Damon, ngokusho kwenani lezishoshovu zamalungelo abantu, ngisho nezinyosi zaphathwa ngokuziphatha okuhle nokucophelela. Kodwa-ke abanye banemibuzo mayelana nezimiso zokuziphatha zalowo mbono wale filimu, lapho abantu abacebile abanomcabango ... bavula i-zoo?! Ingabe kwakungenakwenzeka ngempela ukuqhamuka nento engahlobene nokugcinwa kwezilwane emakhejini ukuze uthole inzuzo? amavegan amaningi aseNtshonalanga ayaphawula. Phela, njengoba noma yimuphi umuntu omdala eqonda, i-zoo iyibhizinisi eliphelele ngokwendlela yokuziphatha kwezilwane…. Ngamafuphi - uhlobo oluthile "lwephupho laseMelika" elingavamile phakathi kwababhali befilimu, abanye ababukeli abaqaphelayo bayaqaphela.
Ngenhlanhla, amafilimu anezilwane enziwa ... ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwezilwane! Kukhompyutha. Ngokusho kwabaqondisi abakhulu - njengokuthi, ngubani oxazulule inkinga yokudubula izimpi ezibandakanya izilwane zefilimu "" (2009) usebenzisa ihluzo zekhompyutha. Kule filimu, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi "akukho zilwane ezalinyazwa", kodwa futhi akazange abambe iqhaza ekuthwebuleni ... Umbhalo wawusulungile emuva maphakathi nawo-1990, kodwa uCameron wayelinde ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha ukuthi buthuthuke ukuze kusetshenziswe izigcawu ezinkulu ngokuphelele. eyenziwe kukhompuyutha. Ngenxa yalokho, ipulazi le-supercomputer elinamandla elinendawo engaba yikhilomitha, elinama-processor angu-35.000, lasetshenziselwa ukwakha ifilimu, inqwaba yamaqoqo afakwe kumakhompyutha angu-200 anamandla kakhulu emhlabeni ngesikhathi sefilimu. ukuqopha. Abantu abangaphezu kuka-900 emhlabeni wonke basebenze ezithombeni zekhompuyutha zale filimu. Umzuzu ngamunye wefilimu emthonjeni "unesisindo" esingaphezu kwe-17 gigabytes yesikhala sediski - lokhu kunobude bokusika komqondisi wemizuzu engu-171 (!). Futhi ukudubula ngokuvamile kubiza cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-300. Kodwa, njengoba wazi, "i-Avatar", ukubeka kancane, ikhokhelwe - ibe yifilimu ephezulu kakhulu engenisa imali emhlabeni wonke. Futhi lokhu kuwukunqoba kokuphathwa kahle kwezilwane!
Ifilimu yakamuva "" (2016) futhi, ngokusho kwababukeli, ilethe ukugqwayiza kwekhompiyutha ezingeni elisha, lapho kungenzeka ukufeza iqiniso eliphelele - noma "ikhathuni" elihle - akusekho ngenxa yamakhono obuchwepheshe, kodwa ngentando. yomqondisi. Encwadini ethi The Jungle Book, ngisho nengane ingabona ukuthi ingakanani inqubekelaphambili eyenziwe ngopopayi eminyakeni engu-7 kusukela kwakhululwa i-Avatar.
Kuyacaca ukuthi izilwane zasendle zizuza kakhulu ekusebenziseni ihluzo zekhompiyutha = emva kwakho konke, eqinisweni, zingezemvelo, hhayi kusethi! Kodwa lapho esebenza ngezithombe zekhompiyutha, umqondisi uyajabula, ongahlupheki ngezigceme zakhe ezihamba kancane. Kwesinye isikhathi inkinga yokuthola ngisho isilwane esifuywayo ukuthi senze lokho okudingekayo ngokombhalo kumhlanyisa umqondisi. Ngakho-ke, umqondisi wefilimu "" (2009) u-Skype Jones wadubula ... ifilimu emfushane mayelana nokuthi wazama kanjani ukwenza inja ekhonkotha esethi ngesikhathi ebaleka! Inja yenza noma yini ngaphandle kwalokho okwakufunwa umqondisi: yagijima, kodwa ayizange ikhonkothe, noma yagijima - yase ikhonkotha, noma yakhonkotha, kodwa ayizange ibaleke .... nokunye, i-ad infinitum! Ifilimu emfushane mayelana nokuhlukunyezwa komqondisi ithole isihloko se-existentialist "Ukungenakwenzeka okungenangqondo ukwenza inja ikhonkothe ekubalekeni" futhi.
Ngakho-ke ingabe izilwane zizosala zodwa maduze, futhi kuzodalelwa imisebenzi emisha yabadwebi bezithombe? Yebo, ngempela, amafilimu amaningi "mayelana nezilwane" asebenzisa ihluzo zekhompiyutha ngenkuthalo, isibonelo, kusukela ngefilimu "" (2001) kaSteven Spielberg, okwakungeke kwenzeke ngaphandle "kokufunda" kwekhompyutha.
Futhi mayelana ne-blockbuster entsha yama-epic "" (2014) yomqondisi odumile u-Darren Aronofsky, bahlekisa ngokuthi uNowa ... akazange asindise isilwane esisodwa - ihluzo zekhompyutha kuphela "ezilayishwe" emkhunjini. Umqondisi we-eccentric ukuthi cha, amajuba amabili negwababa elilodwa esithombeni kwakungokoqobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabonisa umphakathi owawunganakile ukuthi ifilimu ayibonisi nesisodwa isilwane sasendle sangempela - esingase sitholakale, isibonelo, e-Afrika! Ngempela, abalandeli befilimu baqinisekisa ukuthi, ngesicelo sika-Aronovsky, ochwepheshe bekhompiyutha "bahlele" kancane izidalwa uNowa azigcinayo - ukudala izinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane ezingekho. Uzama ukudlala unkulunkulu? Noma izinga elisha lokuphathwa kokuziphatha kwezilwane? Kwazi bani.
Kukhona elinye iphuzu: abantu abaningi bayaqaphela ukuthi ngokushintshwa kwezilwane ngopopayi onamehlo amakhulu "ama-garfield" avela kumafilimu ... enye intelezi ekhethekile iyahamba, impilo iyahamba. Ngakho-ke kuyadabukisa ukuthi iHollywood ivame ukungakwazi ukwelapha izilwane - kanye nabantu - 100% ngokuziphatha! Ukudabuka ngokuhamba kancane kancane kwabalingisi abanemilenze emine abavela ebhayisikobho kwavezwa kahle nguJulie Totman: umqeqeshi oyinhloko wenkampani yaseBrithani, i-Birds and Animals UK, esebenza kumafilimu ochungechunge lwe-Harry Potter kanye ne-blockbuster yakamuva "" ( 2015), wathi ngokushintshwa kwezilwane ngezinhlamvu ezidwetshwe ngesandla "umlingo uzophuma kumafilimu: ngemuva kwakho konke, ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa ukuthi ikuphi okwangempela nokuthi ikuphi okungamanga."