Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zama-champignon zingamakhowe atshalwe kuphela, futhi ngeke uwathole emahlathini. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyinkohliso: kukhona nezinhlobo zama-champignon ezingenakulinywa futhi zikhule endle kuphela. Ikakhulukazi, zihlanganisa ikhophi, sh. phuzi, w. obomvu kanye w. ipulasitiki ephinki.
Ngokungafani nama-chanterelles nama-russula, ama-champignon akhula ikakhulukazi emahlathini aminyene axubile anesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu. Ngalesi sikhathi, awavamile ukuqoqwa ngenxa yokungazi lutho ngezinhlobo zezilwane nangenxa yokufana nempukane enobuthi ebulalayo i-agaric namagrebe aluhlaza. Kunempahla eyodwa evamile yama-champignon - kuqala ane-pink noma ephuzi-brown, futhi kamuva amapuleti ansundu namnyama. Kumele kube nendandatho emlenzeni. Kodwa-ke, ama-champignon amancane anamapuleti amhlophe futhi ngalesi sikhathi angadideka ne-fly agaric enobuthi ebulalayo. Ngakho-ke, akunconywa ukuqoqa izinhlobo zehlathi zama-champignon kubakhiqizi bamakhowe abaqalayo.
Uzofunda mayelana nokuthi zibukeka kanjani izinhlobo ezidumile zamakhowe e-champignon akhula ehlathini kuleli khasi.
I-Wood champignon
Izindawo zokuhlala e-wood mushroom (Agaricus sylvicola): amahlathi aluhlaza nangama-coniferous, phansi, akhula ngamaqembu noma ngawodwa.
Isizini: Juni-Septhemba.
I-cap inobubanzi obungu-4-10 cm, ekuqaleni iyindilinga noma i-ovoid, ibushelelezi, i-silky, bese ivulekile-i-convex. Umbala wekepisi umhlophe noma omhlophe-mpunga. Uma icindezelwe, ikepisi lithola umbala ophuzi-wolintshi.
Umlenze unobude obungu-5-9 cm, mncane, u-0,81,5 cm ubukhulu, ungenalutho, u-cylindrical, unwetshwe kancane esisekelweni.
Bheka isithombe - lolu hlobo lwe-champignon emlenzeni lunendandatho emhlophe ebonakala ngokucacile enombala ophuzi, ongalenga phansi, cishe phansi:
Umbala wemilenze awufani, ubomvu phezulu, bese umhlophe.
I-pulp incane, iminyene, imhlophe noma i-creamy, inephunga le-aniseed kanye nokunambitheka kwe-hazelnut.
Amapuleti avamile, azacile, ayaxega, uma esevuthiwe, ashintsha umbala ukusuka ku-pink okhanyayo ukuya konsomi ngokukhanyayo futhi kamuva abe nsundu ngokumnyama.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo ezinobuthi. Ngokusho kwencazelo, lolu hlobo lwama-champignon asehlathini lufana ne-grebe enobuthi obulalayo (Amanita phalloides), lapho amapuleti amhlophe futhi angashintshi umbala, kuyilapho kuma-champignon eba mnyama; futhi anokuqina phansi kanye ne-volva, awashintshi umbala ngesikhathi sokuphumula, kodwa kuma-champignon inyama izoshintsha umbala.
Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-2.
Izindlela zokupheka: amasobho abilisiwe, athosiwe, afakwe emanzini, amasoso enziwa, anosawoti, eqandisiwe.
I-Champignon yellowskin
Izindawo zokuhlala zamakhowe anesikhumba esiphuzi (Agaricus xanthodermus): phakathi kotshani, emhlabathini ocebile nge-humus, ezingadini, amapaki, amadlelo, eduze nezindawo zokuhlala.
Isizini: May-Okthoba.
Ikepisi liyi-6-15 cm ububanzi, ekuqaleni liyindilinga futhi imiphetho iphendukele ngaphakathi, kamuva ibe yindilinga futhi ibe yi-procumbent, imvamisa ibe nesikhungo se-convex, silky noma i-scaly scaly. Umbala wekepisi umhlophe ekuqaleni, kamuva ubaphuzi namabala ansundu noma ansundu ngokumpunga. Amaphethelo ngokuvamile anezinsalela zeveli yangasese.
Umlenze walolu hlobo lwamakhowe e-champignon ubude obungu-5-9 cm, ubukhulu obungu-0,7-2 cm, bushelelezi, buqondile, ngisho noma bunwetshwe kancane phansi, obunombala ofanayo ne-cap. Maphakathi nomlenze kuneringi emhlophe ephindwe kabili ebanzi. Ingxenye engezansi yeringi inezikali.
I-Pulp. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo lwehlathi inyama emhlophe ephuzi kakhulu lapho usikwa kanye nephunga le-carbolic acid noma uyinki, ikakhulukazi uma iphekwe. Leli phunga livame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ikhemisi" noma "isibhedlela".
Amapuleti amhlophe noma a-pink-grey ekuqaleni, bese kuba umbala wekhofi ngobisi, njalo, mahhala. Lapho esevuthiwe ngokuphelele, amapuleti athola umbala onsundu omnyama onombala onsomi.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. Lolu hlobo luyi-dovit, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuluhlukanisa nezinhlobo ezifanayo ezidliwayo. Lawa ma-champignon abukeka njengama-champignon adliwayo (i-Agaricus campester), okuthi, nazo zonke ezinye izici ezifanayo ngokombala wekepisi, ukuma kwesiqu namapuleti, ahlukaniswa ngokungabi bikho kwephunga “lekhemisi” noma iphunga i-carbolic acid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku-champignon evamile, i-pulp ekusikeni iphenduka kancane ibe bomvu, futhi enesikhumba esiphuzi, iphenduka ibe phuzi ngokujulile.
Lezi zithombe zibonisa ukuthi ama-champignon anesikhumba esiphuzi abukeka kanjani:
I-Champignon ebomvu
Indawo okuhlala kuyo amakhowe abomvu (Agaricus semotus, f. concinna): amahlathi axubile, emapaki, izimfunda.
Isizini: Julayi-Septhemba.
I-cap ingama-4-10 cm ububanzi, ekuqaleni iyindilinga, kamuva i-convex futhi iguqe. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo isigqoko esimhlophe esiphakathi nendawo ebomvu noma ensundu.
Umlenze 5-10 cm ubude, 7-15 mm obukhulu, omhlophe, ombozwe ama-flakes akhanyayo, agqinswe phansi, o-pink okhilimu noma obomvu esisekelweni, kukhona indandatho emhlophe emlenzeni. I-Pulp. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo yi-pulp emhlophe, eminyene enephunga lama-alimondi, kancane kancane iphenduke ibe bomvu ekusikeni.
Njengoba ubona esithombeni, lolu hlobo lwe-champignon lunamapuleti avamile, umbala wawo ushintsha kusuka ku-pink ophuzi kuya ku-brown nge-purple tint njengoba ikhula:
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. I-champignon ebomvu ibukeka njengesambulela esimhlophe esidliwayo noma se-meadow (i-Macrolepiota excoriate), nayo enendawo ebomvu-nsundu phakathi nendawo yekepisi, kodwa itholakala ku-tubercle futhi akukho ukubomvu kwesiqu.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo ezinobuthi. Kudingeka uqaphele ikakhulukazi lapho uqoqa lolu hlobo lwe-champignon edliwayo, njengoba lungadideka ne-agaric ephuzi ephuzi ephuzi (Amanita gemmata), enendandatho emhlophe esiqwini, kodwa amapuleti amhlophe futhi ahlanzekile. kukhona ukuvuvukala phansi kwesiqu (Volva).
Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-4.
Izindlela zokupheka: okuthosiwe, okufakwe emanzini.
I-champignon ebomvu
Izindawo zokuhlala zama-champignon apinki (Agaricus rusiophyllus): amahlathi axubile, emapaki, izimfunda, izingadi, eduze nezindawo zokuhlala.
Isizini: Julayi-Okthoba.
Ikepisi linobubanzi obungu-4-8 cm, ekuqaleni iyindilinga enemiphetho egobile, kamuva imise okwensimbi, isilika noma i-scaly kahle. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo ekuqaleni simhlophe, kamuva isigqoko esimhlophe ngokunsundu esinombala onsomi namapuleti apinki. Imiphetho ivame ukuba nezinsalela ze-bedspread yangasese.
Umlenze 2-7 cm ukuphakama, 4-9 mm ubukhulu, bushelelezi, ongenalutho, nendandatho emhlophe. Inyama imhlophe ekuqaleni, kamuva ibe phuzi. Amapuleti avamile ekuqaleni. Isici sesibili esihlukanisayo salolu hlobo ekuqaleni sipinki, amapuleti kamuva abomvu, ngisho nakamuva ane-tint onsomi.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo. I-champignon yasehlathini enomusa ifana ne-champignon edliwayo (i-Agaricus campester), lapho inyama iphenduka kancane ibe bomvu lapho usikiwe futhi ungekho umbala opinki wamapuleti kuma-specimens amancane.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo ezinobuthi. Kudingeka uqaphele ikakhulukazi lapho uqoqa ama-champignon amahle, njengoba angadideka ne-grebe enobuthi obuyingozi (Amanita phalloides), lapho amapuleti amhlophe qwa, futhi kumakhowe avuthiwe aphenduka aphuzi, kukhona ukuvuvukala endaweni. isisekelo somlenze (Volva).
Okudliwayo, isigaba sesi-4.
Lezi zithombe zibonisa izinhlobo zama-champignon, incazelo yawo evezwe ngenhla:
