Okuqukethwe
Ulimi luwuhlelo lwezimpawu oluhlanganisa imisindo, amagama nemisho. Uhlelo lwezimpawu lwesizwe ngasinye luhlukile ngenxa yezimpawu zalo zohlelo lolimi, i-morphological, ifonetiki kanye nezilimi. Izilimi ezilula azikho, ngoba ngayinye yazo inezinkinga zayo ezitholakala lapho kufundwa.
Ngezansi kukhona izilimi ezinzima kakhulu emhlabeni, ukulinganisa kwazo okuhlanganisa izinhlelo zezimpawu eziyi-10.
10 Icelandic
Icelandic – Lena enye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu mayelana yokubiza. Futhi, isimiso sezandla sibhekwa njengolunye lwezilimi zasendulo. Iqukethe amayunithi ezilimi asetshenziswa izikhulumi zomdabu kuphela. Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ekufundeni isi-Icelandic ifonetiki yaso, izikhulumi zomdabu kuphela ezingadlulisa ngokunembile.
9. Ulimi lwesiFinnish
Ulimi lwesiFinnish ibalwa ngokufanelekile phakathi kwezinhlelo zezimpawu eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu emhlabeni. Inamacala ayi-15, kanye namakhulu amaningana amafomu ezenzo zomuntu siqu nezihlanganiso. Kuyo, izimpawu eziyingcaca ziwudlulisela ngokugcwele uhlobo lomsindo wegama (kokubili elipelwe kahle naliphinyiselwayo), okwenza ulimi lube lula. Uhlelo lolimi luqukethe amafomu ambalwa adlule, kodwa azikho izikhathi ezizayo.
lwesiNavajo – ulimi lwamaNdiya, isici saso esithathwa njengezinhlobo zezenzo ezakhiwe futhi zishintshwe ubuso ngosizo lweziqalo. Izenzo ezithwala ulwazi olusemqoka lwe-semantic. AmaNavajo asetshenziswa amasosha ase-US phakathi neMpi Yezwe II ukuze adlulisele ulwazi olubethelwe.
Ngaphezu konkamisa nongwaqa, kukhona amathoni angu-4 olimini, okubhekiselwa kuwo njengokukhuphuka - ukwehla; high Phansi. Okwamanje, isiphetho samaNavajo sisengozini, njengoba zingekho izichazamazwi zolimi, futhi isizukulwane esisha samaNdiya sishintshela esiNgisini kuphela.
7. Hungarian
Hungarian olunye lwezilimi eziyishumi ezinzima kakhulu ukufunda. Inamafomu angu-35 futhi igcwele imisindo yonkamisa okunzima ukuyibiza ngenxa yobude. Uhlelo lwezimpawu lunohlelo lolimi oluyinkimbinkimbi, lapho kukhona inani elingenakubalwa lezijobelelo, kanye nezinkulumo ezimisiwe eziwuphawu lwalolu limi kuphela. Isici sohlelo lwesichazamazwi ubukhona bezinhlobo zenkathi ezi-2 kuphela zesenzo: samanje nesidlule.
6. Eskimo
Eskimo futhi ibhekwa njengenye yeziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu emhlabeni ngenxa yamafomu amaningi esikhashana, afinyelela ku-63 kuphela esikhathini samanje. I-case form yamagama inamagama angaphezu kwama-200 (amagama ashintsha ngosizo lwesiphetho, iziqalo, izijobelelo). I-Eskimo iwulimi lwezithombe. Ngokwesibonelo, incazelo yegama elithi “Internet” phakathi kwama-Eskimos izozwakala njengokuthi “hamba phakathi kwezingqimba.” Uhlelo lwezimpawu ze-Eskimo lufakwe ohlwini lwe-Guinness Book of Records njengenye yezinkinga ezinzima kakhulu.
5. Tabasaran
Tabasaran olunye lwezilimi ezimbalwa ezisohlwini lweGuinness Book of Records ngenxa yobunzima bayo. Isici saso sitholakala ezimweni eziningi, okungama-46. Lesi ngolunye lwezilimi zezwe zezakhamuzi zaseDagestan, lapho zingekho khona iziphakamiso. Ama-postposition asetshenziswa esikhundleni salokho. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezilimi zesigodi olimini, futhi ngayinye yazo ihlanganisa iqembu elithile lezilimi zesigodi. Uhlelo lwezimpawu lunokubolekwa okuningi kwezilimi ezahlukene: isiPheresiya, isi-Azerbaijani, isi-Arabhu, isiRashiya nezinye.
4. Basque
Basque enye yezindala eYurophu. Iphethwe ezinye izakhamizi zaseSouthern France naseNyakatho yeSpain. I-Basque iqukethe amafomu ecala angama-24 futhi ayilona elinye igatsha lemindeni yezilimi. Izichazamazwi ziqukethe amagama angaba yingxenye yesigidi, kuhlanganisa nezilimi zesigodi. Iziqalo nezijobelelo zisetshenziselwa ukwakha amayunithi amasha olimi.
Ukuxhumana kwamagama emshweni kungalandelelwa ngokushintsha kweziphetho. Inkathi yesenzo ivezwa ngokushintsha iziphetho nesiqalo segama. Ngenxa yokwanda okuphansi kolimi, lwasetshenziswa ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili yibutho lase-US ukudlulisa ulwazi oluyimfihlo. IsiBasque sithathwa njengolunye lwezilimi ezinzima kakhulu ukufunda.
3. Russian
Russian olunye lwezilimi ezintathu ezinzima kakhulu emhlabeni. Ubunzima obuyinhloko "bomkhulu futhi onamandla" ukucindezeleka kwamahhala. Isibonelo, ngesiFulentshi, ingcindezi ihlale ibekwe kuhlamvu lokugcina lwegama. NgesiRashiya, isikhundla esiqinile singaba noma yikuphi: kokubili ku-syllable yokuqala neyokugcina, noma phakathi kwegama. Incazelo yamayunithi amaningi e-lexical inqunywa indawo yokucindezeleka, isibonelo: ufulawa - ufulawa; isitho - isitho. Futhi, incazelo yamagama e-polysemantic apelwa futhi abizwe ngokufanayo inqunywa kuphela umongo womusho.
Amanye amayunithi ezilimi angase ahluke ekubhaleni, kodwa aphinyiswe ngokufanayo futhi anencazelo ehluke ngokuphelele, isibonelo: idlelo – u-anyanisi, njll. ngencazelo. Izimpawu zokubhala nazo zithwala umthwalo omkhulu we-semantic: ukungabi khona kokhefana kushintsha ngokuphelele incazelo yebinzana. Khumbula umushwana wokugetshengwa ovela ebhentshini lesikole: “Awukwazi ukukuxolela ukubulawa”?
2. Arabic
Arabic - enye yezinhlelo zezimpawu eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu emhlabeni. Uhlamvu olulodwa lunokupeletwa oku-4 okuhlukene: konke kuncike endaweni yomlingiswa wegama. Azikho izinhlamvu ezincane ohlelweni lwesichazamazwi sesi-Arabhu, ukuhlukaniswa kwamagama kwe-hyphenation akuvunyelwe, futhi izinhlamvu zonkamisa azivezwa ngokubhala. Esinye sezici ngazinye zolimi yindlela amagama abhalwa ngayo - ukusuka kwesokudla kuye kwesobunxele.
Ngesi-Arabhu, esikhundleni sezinombolo ezimbili, ezijwayelekile olimini lwesiRashiya, kunezinombolo ezintathu: ubunye, ubuningi kanye nezimbili. Akunakwenzeka ukuthola amagama aphinyiselwe ngokulinganayo lapha, ngoba umsindo ngamunye unamathoni angu-4 ahlukene, okuzoxhomeka endaweni yawo.
1. Chinese
Chinese kuwulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela emangalisayo. Ubunzima bokuqala, uma ufuna ukuyifunda, yinani eliphelele lama-hieroglyphs ngolimi. Isichazamazwi sesimanje sesiShayina sinezinhlamvu ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-87. Ubunzima abukho kuphela ohlelweni lwezimpawu zolimi, kodwa futhi nasekupelweni ngendlela efanele. Okuwukuphela kwesici esivezwe ngendlela engalungile kumbhalo owodwa sihlanekezela ngokuphelele incazelo yegama.
“Uhlamvu” lwesiShayina olulodwa lungasho igama eliphelele noma umusho. Uphawu lwesithombe alubonisi ingqikithi yefonetiki yegama - umuntu ongazi zonke izinkimbinkimbi zalolu limi ngeke akwazi ukuqonda ukuthi igama elibhaliwe liphinyiswa kanjani ngendlela efanele. Ifonetiki iyinkimbinkimbi impela: inamahomofoni amaningi futhi iqukethe amathoni ama-4 ohlelweni. Ukufunda isiShayina kungomunye wemisebenzi enzima kakhulu umuntu wangaphandle angazibekela yona. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mp2jtyyCF0