Okuqukethwe
Ukuvunguza kwezwe lanamuhla kugxilile ekuziphatheni nasezimweni zethu: siyashesha, siyaphikisana, siyakhathala, siyacasuka. Futhi bambalwa abantu abazohlobanisa lezi zimpawu nokuphazamiseka kohlelo lwe-endocrine. Futhi izifo ze-thyroid zithatha indawo yesibili kuma-pathologies amaningi, ukwanda kwawo okungu-5% ngonyaka ngokusho kwe-WHO. Ngokuphambene nemibono, lesi sifo asitholakali nje ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-iodine emzimbeni, ngakho-ke ukuzithiba ngezidakamizwa ezine-iodine akusebenzi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi kuyingozi. Ukuxilongwa okulungile kungasungulwa kuphela yi-endocrinologist ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa, ukuhlaziya izimpawu kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri.
Ukuxilongwa kwezifo ze-thyroid
Ingozi yezifo ze-thyroid ekubaleni izimpawu zokuphila kwansuku zonke futhi ungazinaki kuze kube yisakhiwo, sibonakale ezinkingeni zamehlo. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu bafunda ngalesi sifo ngengozi, benikela ngegazi ukuze bathole amahomoni.
Uma usola isifo se-thyroid, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kunikezwa okuqukethwe kwe-TSH (i-thyroid-stimulating hormone), i-T3 (triiodothyronine) ne-T4 (thyroxine). Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa, bahlola ukubukeka (isimo sezinzipho, izinwele, isikhumba ezindololwaneni), baxoxisane futhi babheke ukuziphatha kwesiguli.
Imibuzo engenzeka evela ku-endocrinologist
jikelele:
- ubuzizwa ungcono kamuva nje;
- ingabe kwaba khona izinguquko kumfutho wegazi;
- uke waqaphela ukwanda kokujuluka;
- wawuphethwe yini esikhathini esizayo esiseduze futhi welashwa ngani;
- kwaba khona izinguquko emizweni yokunambitha;
- sitshele mayelana nesimo sakho somzwelo jikelele: usabela kanjani ekuhlulekeni, empumelelweni, njll.;
- uphethwe yikhanda, kangaki;
- uyasabela yini ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu;
okwamadoda:
- ingabe kube nokuncipha kwamandla muva nje?
abesifazane:
- ukuthi umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini ushintshile kanjani: ubuningi bezimfihlo, ubuhlungu, imvamisa.
Uma kwenzeka ukuhlolwa okungalungile, ukutholakala kwenkimbinkimbi yezimpawu zesici, ukuba khona kwezimpawu, ukwanda kobukhulu be-gland, ukuhlolwa kwe-hardware kunqunywe: I-Ultrasound noma i-X-ray. Ezimweni eziphikisanayo, i-tissue biopsy yenziwa. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuphazamiseka kwegilo: ukusebenza kanye nesakhiwo. Ukwelashwa kukhethwa ngokuya ngokuxilongwa, umthamo wezidakamizwa ukhethwa ngokusekelwe ezifundweni zesizinda se-hormonal.
Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwegland yegilo
Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwendlala yegilo kuhlanganisa i-hypothyroidism (ukukhiqizwa okunganele kwamahomoni) kanye ne-thyrotoxicosis (ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwamahomoni).
Hypothyroidism: izimpawu, ukwelashwa
Izimpawu ze-hypothyroidism zivame ukufihlwa njengezinye izimo: ukucindezeleka, ukuphazamiseka kokuya esikhathini, ukukhathala. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuxhumana ngesikhathi esifanele nochwepheshe ofanele futhi wenze ukuxilongwa okufanele. Phakathi kwezimpawu ze-hypothyroidism yizi:
- ukulahlekelwa izinwele, ubuthakathaka kanye nobuthuntu,
- ukoma kwesikhumba sobuso kanye nezindawo ezithile zesikhumba,
- ukusebenza okuncishisiwe, ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala okusheshayo (okuvame ukuthathwa njengobuvila obujwayelekile),
- ukuwohloka kwenkumbulo, ukunakwa,
- izitho ezibandayo, ezibandayo.
Uma kutholakala ukuthi i-hypothyroidism, i-hormone replacement therapy iyanqunywa, eklanyelwe ukuvala ukuntuleka kokukhiqizwa kwamahomoni akho egilo. Izidakamizwa ezinjalo zithathwa impilo yonke ngokunyuka kancane kancane komthamo.
Thyrotoxicosis: izimpawu, ukwelashwa
Ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwamahomoni egilo egazini kubizwa ngokuthi i-thyrotoxicosis. Kuholela kulezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukwanda kokucasuka,
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala,
- ukujuluka njalo,
- ukulahlekelwa isisindo,
- ukwanda kancane kwezinga lokushisa (ongase ungakuqapheli nokukubona),
- i-arrhythmia yenhliziyo.
Lapho i-thyrotoxicosis ibeka izidakamizwa ezivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni-thyrostatics. Ukuze kuzuzwe ibhalansi ye-hormonal oyifunayo, izifundo ze-thyrostatics zishintshaniswa nokwelashwa kwe-hormone esikhundleni.
Ukuphazamiseka kwesakhiwo sendlala yegilo
Ukuphazamiseka kwesakhiwo se-gland yegilo kuhlanganisa i-adenoma, ama-cysts, ukwakheka kwama-nodular. Izimpawu: ukukhuphuka okubonakalayo kosayizi, ukuhlangana ku-palpation, ukwakheka kwe-goiter. Ezinyangeni zokuqala, imithi inqunywe, ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi - ukuhlinzwa okulandelwa yi-HRT.