Ukuzamazama komhlaba okuqine kakhulu emlandweni wesintu

Phakathi nezinkulungwane zeminyaka yomlando waso, isintu siye sabhekana nokuzamazama komhlaba okunjalo, okuthi, ekubhubhiseni kwakho, kuthiwe kubangelwa izinhlekelele zesilinganiso sendawo yonke. Izimbangela zokuzamazama komhlaba aziqondwa ngokugcwele futhi akekho ongasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi kungani kwenzeka, ukuthi inhlekelele elandelayo izoba kuphi futhi maphi amandla.

Kulesi sihloko, siqoqe ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla kunawo wonke emlandweni wesintu, kukalwa ngobukhulu. Udinga ukwazi ngaleli xabiso ukuthi licabangela inani lamandla akhishwe ngesikhathi sokuzamazama komhlaba, futhi lisakazwa kusukela ku-1 kuya ku-9,5.

10 1976 Ukuzamazama komhlaba kweTien Shan | 8,2 amaphuzu

Nakuba ubukhulu bokuzamazama komhlaba i-Tien Shan ngo-1976 babungu-8,2 kuphela, kungabhekwa ngokufanelekile njengokunye kokuzamazama komhlaba okubhubhisa kakhulu emlandweni wesintu. Ngokusho kwenguqulo esemthethweni, lesi sigameko esibi sabulala abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-250, futhi ngokusho kwenguqulo engekho emthethweni, inani lokufa lisondela ezinkulungwaneni ezingu-700 futhi lifaneleka, ngoba izindlu eziyizigidi ezingu-5,6 zabhujiswa ngokuphelele. Umcimbi wakha isisekelo sefilimu ethi "Catastrophe", eqondiswa nguFeng Xiaogang.

9. Ukuzamazama komhlaba ePortugal ngo-1755 | 8,8 amaphuzu

Ukuzamazama komhlaba okwenzeka ePortugal emuva ngo-1755 ngoSuku Lwabangcwele Bonke kubhekisela koyedwa futhiз izinhlekelele ezinamandla nezibuhlungu kakhulu emlandweni wesintu. Cabanga nje ukuthi emizuzwini emi-5 nje iLisbon isiphenduke incithakalo, futhi kwafa abantu abacishe babe izinkulungwane eziyikhulu! Kodwa izisulu zokuzamazama komhlaba azigcinanga lapho. Le nhlekelele yabangela umlilo omkhulu netsunami ehlasele ogwini lwasePortugal. Ngokuvamile, ukuzamazama komhlaba kwabangela iziyaluyalu zangaphakathi, okwaholela ekushintsheni kwenqubomgomo yezwe yezangaphandle. Le nhlekelele yaphawula ukuqala kwesayensi yokuzamazama komhlaba. Ubukhulu bokuzamazama komhlaba bulinganiselwa kumaphuzu ayi-8,8.

8. Ukuzamazama komhlaba eChile ngo-2010 | 9 amaphuzu

Okunye ukuzamazama komhlaba okubhubhisayo kwagadla eChile ngo-2010. Okunye kokuzamazama komhlaba okucekela phansi kakhulu nokukhulu emlandweni wesintu eminyakeni engu-50 edlule kwaletha umonakalo omkhulu: izinkulungwane zezisulu, izigidi zabantu ezingenamakhaya, inqwaba yezindawo zokuhlala namadolobha acekeleke phansi. Izifunda zaseChile, iBio-Bio kanye neMaule zibhekane nomonakalo omkhulu. Le nhlekelele ibalulekile ngoba ukubhujiswa akwenzekanga nje ngenxa ye-tsunami, kodwa ukuzamazama komhlaba kwaletha umonakalo omkhulu, ngoba. isizinda sawo sasisezweni.

7. Ukuzamazama komhlaba eNyakatho Melika ngo-1700 | 9 amaphuzu

Ngo-1700, umsebenzi onamandla wokuzamazama komhlaba eNyakatho Melika washintsha ugu. Inhlekelele yenzeke eziNtabeni zeCascade, emngceleni we-United States neCanada, futhi ngokusho kwezilinganiso ezihlukahlukene okungenani amaphuzu angu-9 ubukhulu. Kuncane okwaziwayo ngezisulu zokuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla kakhulu emlandweni womhlaba. Ngenxa yale nhlekelele, igagasi elikhulu le-tsunami lafinyelela ogwini lwaseJapane, ukucekelwa phansi kwalo okuye kwalondolozwa ezincwadini zesiJapane.

6. Ukuzamazama komhlaba ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Japan ngo-2011 | 9 amaphuzu

Eminyakeni embalwa nje edlule, ngo-2011, ugu olusempumalanga yeJapane lazamazama ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla kunawo wonke emlandweni wesintu. Emaminithini angu-6 wenhlekelele enamaphuzu angu-9, ngaphezu kwe-100 km ukusuka olwandle kwaphakanyiswa ngamamitha angu-8 ukuphakama, futhi i-tsunami eyalandela yahlasela iziqhingi ezisenyakatho yeJapane. Isikhungo samandla enuzi saseFukushima sonakaliswe kancane, okwabangela ukukhululwa kwe-radioactive, okusazwakala namanje. Isibalo sezisulu sibizwa ngezinkulungwane eziyi-15, kodwa izinombolo eziyiqiniso azaziwa.

5. Ukuzamazama komhlaba kweKemin eKazakhstan ngo-1911 | 9 amaphuzu

Izakhamuzi zaseKazakhstan naseKyrgyzstan zinzima ukumangala ngokundindizela - lezi zifunda zitholakala endaweni enephutha yoqweqwe lomhlaba. Kodwa ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla kunawo wonke emlandweni waseKazakhstan naso sonke isintu kwenzeka ngo-1911, lapho idolobha lase-Almaty lacishe labhujiswa ngokuphelele. Le nhlekelele yabizwa ngokuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba kwe-Kemin, okubonakala njengokunye kokuzamazama komhlaba okuqine kakhulu kwekhulu lama-200. Isiqephu sezenzakalo sawela esigodini soMfula iBolshoy Kemin. Kule ndawo, kwakhiwa amakhefu amakhulu ekusizeni, anobude obuyi-XNUMX km. Kwezinye izindawo, izindlu eziwele endaweni yezinhlekelele zigqitshwe kulezi zikhala.

4. Ukuzamazama komhlaba ogwini lwaseKuril Islands ngo-1952 | 9 amaphuzu

I-Kamchatka kanye ne-Kuril Islands yizifunda ezisebenza ngokuzamazama komhlaba futhi ukuzamazama komhlaba akubamangazi. Nokho, izakhamuzi zisakhumbula inhlekelele ka-1952. Okunye kokuzamazama komhlaba okubhubhisa kakhulu abantu abakukhumbulayo kwaqala ngo-November 4 oLwandlekazini iPacific, amakhilomitha angu-130 ukusuka ogwini. Imbubhiso esabekayo yalethwa i-tsunami, eyakhiwa ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba. Amagagasi amathathu amakhulu, ukuphakama okukhulu kunawo wonke afinyelela kumamitha angu-20, abhubhisa ngokuphelele iSevero-Kurilsk futhi alimaza izindawo zokuhlala eziningi. Amagagasi afika nesikhawu sehora. Izakhamuzi zazilazi igagasi lokuqala futhi zalilinda ngaphandle emagqumeni, ngemva kwalokho zehlela emizaneni yazo. Igagasi lesibili, elikhulu kunawo wonke, okungekho muntu owayelindele, laletha umonakalo omkhulu futhi labulala abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingu-2.

3. Ukuzamazama komhlaba e-Alaska ngo-1964 | 9,3 amaphuzu

NgoLwesihlanu Oluhle, ngoMashi 27, 1964, zonke izifundazwe ezingama-47 zase-US zazamazama ukuzamazama komhlaba e-Alaska. Isizinda salenhlekelele sasiseGulf of Alaska, lapho kuhlangana khona amapuleti asePacific naseNyakatho Melika. Enye yezinhlekelele zemvelo ezinamandla kakhulu enkumbulweni yomuntu, enobukhulu be-9,3, yabulala abantu abambalwa uma kuqhathaniswa - abantu abayi-9 bafa phakathi kwezisulu ze-130 e-Alaska kanti ezinye izimpilo ze-23 zabulawa yi-tsunami eyalandela ukuzamazama. Emadolobheni, i-Anchorage, eqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-120 ukusuka lapho kunengqophamlando yemicimbi, ishaywe kanzima. Nokho, imbubhiso yagudla ugu ukusuka eJapane kuya eCalifornia.

2. Ukuzamazama komhlaba ogwini lwaseSumatra ngo-2004 | 9,3 amaphuzu

Eminyakeni eyi-11 eyedlule, okunye kokuzamazama komhlaba okuqine kakhulu kwakamuva kakhulu emlandweni wesintu oLwandlekazi i-Indian kwenzeka. Ngasekupheleni kuka-2004, ukuzamazama komhlaba okwakungu-9,3 amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka ogwini lwedolobha lase-Indonesia iSumatra kwabangela ukwakheka kwe-tsunami enamandla amakhulu, eyaqothula ingxenye yedolobha yasuka emhlabeni. Amagagasi angamamitha angu-15 adale umonakalo emadolobheni aseSri Lanka, Thailand, South Africa naseningizimu yeNdiya. Akekho osho inani eliqondile lezisulu, kodwa kulinganiselwa ukuthi kwafa abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-200 kuya kwezingu-300, futhi izigidi ezimbalwa ezengeziwe zasala bengenamakhaya.

1. Ukuzamazama komhlaba eChile ngo-1960 | 9,5 amaphuzu

Ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla kunawo wonke emlandweni wesintu kwenzeka ngo-1960 eChile. Ngokwezilinganiso zochwepheshe, yayinobukhulu obungamaphoyinti angu-9,5. Inhlekelele yaqala edolobheni elincane laseValdivia. Ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba, i-tsunami eyakhiwa oLwandlekazi iPacific, amagagasi ayo angamamitha ayi-10 agudla ugu, edala umonakalo ezindaweni zokuhlala ezisogwini lolwandle. Ububanzi be-tsunami bafinyelela izinga kangangokuthi izakhamuzi zedolobha laseHawaii i-Hilo, amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-10 ukusuka eValdivia, zazizwa amandla ayo okubhubhisa. Amagagasi amakhulu afinyelela ngisho nasogwini lwaseJapane nasePhilippines.