I-Periodontitis ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezizungeze futhi zisekele amazinyo, okubizwa nge- "periodontium". Lezi zicubu zihlanganisa ushingamu, imicu esekelayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-periodontium, nethambo lapho amazinyo abambelele khona.

I-Periodontitis yisifo semvelaphi yebhaktheriya, evame ukuvela lapho amasosha omzimba ebuthakathaka.

I-Periodontitis ivame ukuqala ngokuvuvukala kwezicubu zezinsini (i-gingivitis) esakazeka kancane kancane esicutshini samathambo, yakhe "amaphakethe" anesifo phakathi kwe-gum nezinyo. 

Uma ingalashwa, i-periodontitis ingaholela ekubhujisweni kwamathambo nasekuqedeni noma ekulahlekelweni kwamazinyo.

Izinhlobo ze-periodontitis

Phakathi kwe-periodontitis, ngokuvamile sihlukanisa:

• I-periodontitis engapheli, enezinga eliphansi lokuhamba kancane ukuya kokulinganisela lokuqhubeka.
• I-periodontitis enolaka, engenziwa endaweni noma ejwayelekile.

I-Periodontitis ingase yenzeke kanye nezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, umdlavuza noma ukutheleleka nge-HIV / AIDS, isibonelo. Odokotela bamazinyo babe sebekhuluma i-periodontitis ehambisana nesifo esijwayelekile.

Enye indlela yokuhlukanisa i-periodontitis isuselwa eminyakeni yokuqala kwalesi sifo. Ngakho, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa:

• i-periodontitis yabantu abadala, okuyiyona evame kakhulu.
• I-periodontitis yokuqala ezinganeni nasebancane, ethuthuka ngokushesha.

Ubani othintekayo?

Ngokwemithombo, isifo se-periodontal silinganiselwa ukuthi sithinta, ngamazinga ahlukahlukene, ama-20 kuye kwangama-50% abantu abadala emazweni amaningi omhlaba.².

I-World Health Organization (WHO) ilinganisela, ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni lwama-80 emazweni angaphezu kuka-30, ukuthi u-10 kuya ku-15% wabantu abadala uhlushwa isifo se-periodontitis esibi emhlabeni.¹.

Ucwaningo lwamuva nje e-United States luqinisekisa ukuthi cishe ingxenye yabantu abadala bane-periodontitis ethambile, emaphakathi noma eqinile. Ukusabalala nokuqina kwesifo kuyanda ngokuya ngeminyaka. Lolu cwaningo luveza ukuthi cishe u-65% wabantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-65 bane-periodontitis emaphakathi noma enzima.³.

I-periodontitis enamandla, ethinta abantu abasha kakhulu, ayivamile. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izothinta u-0,1 kuya ku-0,2% wabantu base-Europe, futhi kufike ku-5 kuya ku-10% yabantu baseNyakatho Melika abadabuka e-Hispanic noma e-Afrika.⁴.

Izimbangela zalesi sifo

I-Periodontitis yisifo semvelaphi eyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa izici ezimbili:

• amabhaktheriya omlomo, ayingozi noma "i-pathogenic".
• amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka noma angaphenduli, avumela lawa mabhaktheriya ukuthi athole indawo futhi ande.

Izici eziningana zinganikela ekubonakaleni kwe-periodontitis efana nogwayi, ukutheleleka, ukungondleki kahle, njll.

I-Periodontitis ingase futhi ibe ukubonakaliswa okuhlotshaniswa nezifo ezithile ezijwayelekile, njengesifo sikashukela (bona isigaba esithi "abantu abasengozini nezici zobungozi").

Amakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zamabhaktheriya ahlala emlonyeni. Ezinye zinenzuzo kodwa ezinye ziyingozi empilweni yomlomo. Lawa mabhaktheriya enza ifilimu ezinsini nasemazinyweni, okuyiwo ipuleti.

Lolu qweqwe lwamazinyo luyasuswa lapho uxubha amazinyo, kodwa lushintsha ngokushesha futhi luqine lube i-tartar.

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, i-tartar ingabangela ukuvuvukala kwezinsini okuthiwa i-gingivitis. Kancane kancane, uma isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni singasabeli ngokuqinile ngokwanele, ibhalansi phakathi kwamagciwane “amahle” “namabi” azocasuka. Amagciwane ayingozi afana Porphyromonas gingivalis izothatha futhi ihlasele izinsini, ibhubhise izicubu ezizungezile. Yile ndlela i-periodontitis eqala ngayo. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-periodontitis luhlotshaniswa nohlobo oluhlukile lwebhaktheriya, okwenza ukucwaninga kwalezi zifo kube nzima kakhulu.⁵.

Inkambo kanye nezinkinga ezingenzeka

I-Periodontitis yenzeka lapho i-gingivitis ingalashwa futhi iqhubeka. Uma ingelashwa, i-periodontitis ingaholela ekulahlekelweni kwamazinyo.

I-periodontitis engapheli kubantu abadala iqhubeka kancane, ngaphezu kweminyaka eminingana.

I-periodontitis enolaka iqala ebusheni noma ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-30 futhi ithuthuka ngokushesha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-periodontitis engapheli ihlotshaniswa nokuvuvukala okude, okunemiphumela emibi kuwo wonke umzimba futhi okungakhuphula ingozi yezifo zenhliziyo, phakathi kwabanye.⁶.