I-Paraphrenia i-paranoid delirium engajwayelekile, ngaphandle kokukhubazeka kwengqondo, lapho umhlaba okhohlisayo uphakanyiselwe emhlabeni wangempela. Inguqulo elula ye-schizophrenia. I-Paraphrenia isalokhu ifundwa kancane futhi incane kakhulu etholakele emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Uma ingahlotshaniswa nesifo sezinzwa, ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kunganciphisa ukukhohlisa futhi kuthuthukise impilo yansuku zonke yengqondo yesiguli.

Incazelo ye-paraphrenia

I-Paraphrenia i-paranoid delirium engajwayelekile, ngaphandle kokukhubazeka kwengqondo, lapho umhlaba okhohlisayo uphakanyiselwe emhlabeni wangempela. I-Paraphrenia yehlukaniswa ne-schizophrenia ngokuba nesenzeko esiphansi nokuqhubeka kwesifo kancane.

Impilo yesiguli ayithinteki kangako, ayihlushwa ukukhubazeka kwezenhlalo, yingakho isidingo esiphansi kakhulu sokunakekelwa kwesiguli. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akumele neze kunciphise iqiniso nemiphumela yalesi sifo.

Izinhlobo ze-paraphrenias

Ngokwesigaba esasungulwa ngo-1913 ngudokotela wengqondo waseJalimane u-Emil Kraepelin, kunezinhlobo ezine ze-paraphrenia:

• I-systematic paraphrenia ivame kakhulu. I-delirium ayimahlalakhona lapho futhi ithinta izinzwa ezinhlanu;
• I-paraphrenia evulekile, lapho isiguli - imvamisa abesifazane - sinokukhohlisa kobukhulu, noma uhlobo oluthile lwe-megalomania exuberant;
• I-Confabulatory paraphrenia, okungukuthi, ukuba khona kwezinkumbulo-mbumbulu noma izinkumbulo ezingamanga - njengokusungula umlingiswa ongokomlando kuyilapho uqinisekisa ngempela ukuthi ukhona - kuyilapho kugcinwa izinto ezicatshangwayo ezixhumene kakhulu noma ezingaphansi phakathi kwazo. Iqala ngaphambi kwamanye ama-paraphrenias, aphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nengama-40 ubudala;
• I-paraphrenia emangalisayo ngokuvamile iqala ngokukhathazeka kanye nomuzwa wokuzonda indawo yomuntu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemibono ye-megalomaniacal kuyalandela futhi kuba, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuhluke kakhulu futhi kudlulele. I-delirium ine-eccentric kanye nesakhiwo esingahlangene.

Kodwa kusukela lapho, akubona bonke odokotela bengqondo abavumelana nalokhu kuhlukaniswa. Futhi eziningana zazo, njenge-Ey, Nodet noma Kleist, zinikeza, ngaphezu kwalokho noma ukuguqulwa, ezinye izinhlobo ze-paraphrenia:

• I-Melancholic paraphrenia isondela ku-psychosis evamile, ngaphandle kokuxhumeka kwe-paraphrenia nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwengqondo, imizwelo ebuhlungu noma ukuziphatha kwe-melancholic;
• I-Hypochondriac paraphrenia, ukubonakaliswa kwayo ngokuyinhloko okuyi-paranoid. Lolu hlobo lwe-paraphrenia luvame ukuqhubekela phambili ekuboneni umzimba okungenangqondo kanye ne-acoustico-verbal, ngokukhubazeka okulinganiselwe kokusebenza;
• I-paraphrenia engahambelani ihlotshaniswa nokukhohlisa okungahambisani nezinguquko zobuntu ezingalungiseki;
• I-Phonemic paraphrenia ihlanganisa ukukhohlisa kwe-acoustico-verbal.

Kukhona futhi amafomu ahlanganisiwe lapho izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ze-paraphrenias zihlala ndawonye.

Izinkinga ze-paraphrenia

Ucwaningo oluncane kakhulu ngale ndaba lwenziwe eminyakeni engama-70 edlule, ngokusobala kuvunyelwa ulwazi oluncane mayelana nezimbangela zeparaphrenia.

I-Paraphrenia ingahlotshaniswa nalokhu:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwe-neurodegenerative;
• Isimila;
• Ingozi ye-cerebral vascular.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-paraphrenia

I-Paraphrenia, njengezifo eziningi zokukhohlisa, ayixilongwa kancane. Isibonelo, alikho ohlwini ku-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) noma ku-International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10).

Ngakho-ke, ezimeni eziningi, odokotela bengqondo babona lesi simo njenge- "atypical psychosis", "schizoaffective disorder" noma "ukuphazamiseka kokukhohlisa" ngenxa yokushoda kwesigaba sokuxilonga esingcono.

Abantu abaphethwe yi-paraphrenia

Phakathi kuka-2 no-4% inani labantu lizothinteka ngenxa ye-paraphrenia, ngokuvamile abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 nengama-45.

Futhi i-10% kuphela yabantu abalaliswe esibhedlela ngenxa yezinkinga zokukhohlisa bangaba ne-paraphrenia.

Izici ezithanda paraphrenia

Izinto ezingathuthukisa i-paraphrenia yilezi:

• Ukukhubazeka okuzwayo;
• Ukuzihlukanisa emphakathini;
• Imicimbi ecindezelayo nebalulekile, njengokubandlulula, ukuhlazisa nokuhlambalaza, ukufa kwabathandekayo noma ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okutholwa yizihlobo.

Ezinye izici ezisolwayo, kodwa ezingenabo ubufakazi, kufanele zibhekwe:

• Imfundo enganakiwe;
• Isizungu noma ukungashadi.

I-Paranoid delusions

Umuntu ophethwe yi-paraphrenia wethula izigaba zokuduka okuyizindikimba zazo ngokuvamile eziwumcabango, ezixakayo, kodwa ezihlala zihlelekile ngokuhlobene nokuvumelana. Isiguli sivame ukuvumelana ngokuqinile nemibono yaso, kodwa hhayi kakhulu njenge-paranoia.

ukusangana

I-Paraphrenia idala ama-hallucinations. Ezingxenyeni ezimbili kwezintathu zazo, ziwumbono ozwayo: umuntu uzwa amazwi.

Ubuqotho bobudlelwano bomuntu neqiniso

Amakhono engqondo, e-mnemonic noma e-pragmatic - ezemfundo, ezobuchwepheshe, ezenhlalakahle - zomuntu we-paraphrenic ayagcinwa.

Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kanye nokwengqondo kusebenza ngokushesha ekukhohliseni okuxhumene ne-paraphrenia. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kusebenza kuvamile ukuncipha ngokuqhubeka kwesifo.

Ama-antipsychotic kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ze-neuroleptic zihlala zingasebenzi. Nokho, benza kube nokwenzeka ukulawula izenzakalo ze-hallucinatory.

Akukho ukuvimbela kwangempela kwe-paraphrenia, ngaphandle kokulandela ngonembeza ukwelashwa kwayo ukuze kwehliswe ukuphindeka.