Ngokuvamile esaziwa njengesifo sesihlanu, i-epidemic megalerythema, noma i-erythema infectiosum, ukutheleleka ngegciwane okubangelwa yi-parvovirus yabantu i-B19, igciwane elithinta abantu kuphela. Imvamisa imnene, ingena ngendlela efanayo negciwane elibandayo elijwayelekile. Kubonakala ngokuvela kwemqubuko, izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bamalunga. Inhloso yokwelashwa ukuqeda izimpawu.

Umqedazwe megalerythema, noma i-erythema infectiosum, ukutheleleka ngegciwane okubangelwa yi-parvovirus yomuntu B19. Lesi sifo esithathelwanayo, esivame ukuba mncane, sivela kaningi ngasekupheleni kobusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, imvamisa njengezifo eziwumshayabhuqe ezilinganiselwe ngokwendawo, phakathi kwezingane ezincane kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lezo ezineminyaka emihlanu kuya kwengu-5. Yize amacala angama-7% enzeka ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-70 kuya kwengu-5, ukutheleleka nge-parvovirus B15 nakho kungathinta izingane ezincane nabantu abadala. Kwethulwa emhlabeni wonke, kuvame ukubonwa emazweni apholile. Kubonakala kujwayelekile kakhulu emantombazaneni.

Ukutheleleka ngeParvovirus B19 kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yisifo sesihlanu, njengoba sasiyisifo sesihlanu sezingane esithathelwanayo esivezwa ukuqhuma ukunikezwa igama.

IParvovirus B19 ibizwa ngokulandelana ngokuthi yi-SPLV ye-Serum Parvovirus-Like Virus, i-HPV ye-Human Parvovirus ne-B19 ngama-initials akhomba isikhwama segazi lapho iqale ukukhonjwa khona. Yigciwane elihlasela abantu kuphela.

Ukutheleleka ngeParvovirus B19 kungadluliselwa ngomzila wokuphefumula. Ingenwe ngendlela efanayo ne-virus ebandayo ejwayelekile, ngo:

• ukubeka iminwe yabo emlonyeni wabo ngemuva kokuthinta umuntu onegciwane;
• ukubeka iminwe yakhe emlonyeni wakhe ngemuva kokuthinta into engcoliswe ngumuntu onegciwane;
• ukuhogela amaconsi amancane aqukethe izinhlayiya zegciwane ezikhishwe emoyeni ngumuntu onegciwane lapho ekhwehlela noma ethimula.

Ukutheleleka kuvame ukusabalala ngaphakathi kokugxila okufanayo. Ngesikhathi sobhadane, izifundo zokuxhumana ezingezona izivikeli mzimba zitheleleka ngamacala angama-50%.

Ukutheleleka nge-Parvovirus B19 kungadluliselwa kusuka kumama kuye embungwini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, nge-placenta, okungaholela ekufeni kwesikhashana komntwana noma i-anemia ye-fetus enamandla nge-edema ejwayelekile (i-hydrops fetalis). Kodwa-ke, cishe uhhafu wabesifazane abakhulelwe bavikelekile ekuthelelekeni kwangaphambilini. 

Ekugcineni, lesi sifo singadluliselwa nangegazi, ikakhulukazi ngokumpontshelwa igazi.

Izimpawu nezimpawu zokutheleleka nge-parvovirus B19 zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini ezi-4 kuya kwezingu-14 ngemuva kokukuthola, kwesinye isikhathi isikhathi eside. 

Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sesihlanu zivame ukudideka nalezo zezifo ezithathelwanayo ezifana nomkhuhlane ovamile. Bayakuqonda:

• umkhuhlane ophansi;
• ikhanda;
• ukucinana kwamakhala;
• ikhala eligobayo;
• ubuhlungu besisu.

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, ukuqubuka kubonakala kumanzi noma kuqukethe ama-papules abomvu aphakeme noma ukubomvu kwezihlathi. Ukuqubuka kungadlulela ezingalweni, esiqwini, bese kuthi kuwo wonke umzimba, imvamisa kungafaki amathe ezinyawo nezintende zezandla. Ukuqhuma kwenzeka ezinganeni ezingama-75% nakubantu abadala abangama-50%. Iyaluma futhi ibonakala ngamachashazi abomvu aneziphetho ezinamaqhubu afana nezintambo, ezikhuliswa wukukhanya kwelanga.

Noma ngubani otheleleke nge-parvovirus B19 uyathathelana izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwalokhu kuqhuma kwesici. Isikhathi sokutheleleka siphela ngokushesha lapho sibonakala. 

Ubukhulu bezimpawu buyehluka kuye ngomuntu. Ezimweni ezingama-50%, ukutheleleka kunganakwa noma kuyiphutha ngomkhuhlane. Imvamisa imnene, ingaba yimbi kakhulu kwabanye abantu, kufaka phakathi:

• izingane ezine-anemia noma i-sickle cell anemia;
• abantu abanezifo, njenge-AIDS, okhubaza amandla amasosha omzimba okulwa nezifo;
• abantu abadala;
• abesifazane abakhulelwe.

Ezinganeni ezine-anemia, i-sickle cell anemia, noma izifo ezinciphisa amasosha omzimba, i-parvovirus B19 ingathinta umongo wethambo futhi idale i-anemia enamandla.

Kubantu abadala, ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu obuhlangene obuhlangene (i-arthritis engagugi) buvela kumacala angama-70%. Lezi zibonakaliso ezihlangene zivame kakhulu kwabesifazane. Izandla, izihlakala, amaqakala namadolo yizona ezithinteka kakhulu. Lezi zinhlungu ziyaphela emavikini amabili noma amathathu, kepha zingaphikelela noma zibuye amasonto noma izinyanga noma iminyaka.

Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ukutheleleka okuyinhloko kungaba nomthwalo kumacala ayi-10% we:

• ukukhipha isisu okuzenzakalelayo;
• ukufa kwengane;
• ama-hydrops foeto-placental (ukunqwabelana ngokweqile kwe-amniotic fluid egumbini le-fetal extravascular kanye nezimbotshana) okwenzeka kakhulu ngesikhathi se-trimester yesibili yokukhulelwa;
• i-anemia enamandla;
• ama-hydrops e-fetus (i-edema ye-fetus).

Ingozi yokufa kwengane ingu-2-6% ngemuva kokutheleleka komama, okuyingozi enkulu engxenyeni yokuqala yokukhulelwa.

Ukuqhuma nokugula konke kuvame ukuhlala izinsuku ezingama-5-10. Emasontweni ambalwa alandelayo, ukuqubuka kungahle kuvele okwesikhashana ngemuva kokuchayeka elangeni noma ekushiseni, noma ngomkhuhlane, ukuzikhandla, noma ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo. Kubantu abasha, ubuhlungu obuhlangene obuhlangene nokuvuvukala kungaqhubeka noma kuphindeke ngezikhathi ezithile amasonto noma izinyanga.

Awukho umuthi wokugomela i-parvovirus B19. Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu eselitholile leli gciwane, uvikeleka ekuthelelekeni okuzayo impilo yakhe yonke.

Akukho futhi ukwelashwa okuqondile kokutheleleka nge-parvovirus B19. Inhloso yokwelashwa ukuqeda izimpawu.

Ukukhululeka kumkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu nobuhlungu bamalunga

Ukwelashwa okunconyiwe:

• i-paracetamol;
• izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) ezinjenge-ibuprofen.

Ukukhululeka kokulunywa uma kunzima

Izisombululo ezinconyiwe:

• ukucindezela okubandayo;
• i-colloidal oatmeal powder yokwengeza emanzini okugeza;
• okhilimu noma ama-lotion.

Ezinye izincomo

Kuyalulekwa futhi ukuthi:

• phuza kakhulu;
• gqoka izingubo ezilula, ezithambile;
• gwema izindwangu ezinzima;
• khuthaza ukuphumula;
• gwema ukushisa ngokweqile noma ukuchayeka elangeni, okungadala ukubhebhetheka noma ukuphindeka kokuqubuka kwesikhumba;
• gcina izinzipho zezingane zifushane futhi zihlanzekile noma zize zigqoke amagilavu ​​ebusuku ukuvimbela ukuklwebheka.