Inqubo yokuguga ezingeni lamaselula ayikwazi ukumiswa kuphela kodwa futhi ihlehliswe. Ososayensi base-USA bakwazile ukuletha imisipha yegundane elineminyaka engu-6 ubudala esimweni semisipha yamagundane anezinyanga ezingu-60, okulingana neminyaka engu-40 yokuvuselela izitho zomntwana oneminyaka engu-XNUMX ubudala. Ngokulandelayo, ososayensi baseJalimane bavuselela ubuchopho ngokuvimba i-molecule eyodwa kuphela ebonisa izimpawu.
Ithimba lososayensi abavela e-Harvard Medical School eliholwa u-prof. izakhi zofuzo zikaDavid Sinclair, wenza lokhu kutholakala, njengokungathi, ngesikhathi sokucwaninga ngokusayina kwe-intracellular. Kwenzeka ngokusebenzisana kwama-molecule abonisa izimpawu. Ngokuvamile amaprotheni okuthi, ngosizo lwezinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali esakhiweni sawo, adlulise idatha isuka kwenye indawo yeseli iye kwenye.
Njengoba kwenzeka ngesikhathi socwaningo, ukuphazamiseka kokuxhumana phakathi kwe-nucleus yeseli kanye ne-mitochondria kubangela ukuguga kwamaseli ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo ingashintshwa - ezifundweni zemodeli yegundane, kwatholakala ukuthi ukubuyisela ukuxhumana kwe-intracellular kuvuselela izicubu futhi kuyenze ibukeke futhi isebenze ngendlela efanayo namagundane amancane.
Inqubo yokuguga esitokisini, etholwe ithimba lethu, ikhumbuza umshado ngandlela-thile - lapho isencane, ixhumana ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho ihlala eduze kweminyaka eminingi, ukuxhumana kuyaphela kancane kancane. Ukubuyisela ukuxhumana, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuxazulula zonke izinkinga - kusho u-prof. USinclair.
I-Mitochondria iphakathi kwama-cell organelles abaluleke kakhulu, asukela ngosayizi ukusuka ku-2 kuya ku-8 microns. Ziyindawo lapho, ngenxa yenqubo yokuphefumula kwamaselula, iningi le-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) likhiqizwa esitokisini, eliwumthombo walo wamandla. I-Mitochondria iphinde ibandakanye ekuboniseni amaseli, ukukhula kanye ne-apoptosis, kanye nokulawulwa kwawo wonke umjikelezo wempilo yeseli.
Ucwaningo olwenziwa yithimba lika-prof. USinclair wayegxile eqenjini lezakhi zofuzo okuthiwa ama-sirtuin. Lezi yizakhi zofuzo ezikhodi amaprotheni e-Sir2. Babamba iqhaza ezinqubweni eziningi eziqhubekayo kumaseli, njengokuguqulwa kwamaprotheni ngemva kokuhumusha, ukuthulisa ukubhalwa kofuzo, ukwenziwa kusebenze izindlela zokulungisa i-DNA kanye nokulawulwa kwezinqubo ze-metabolic. Enye yezakhi zofuzo eziyisisekelo, i-SIRT1, kungenzeka, ngokocwaningo lwangaphambilini, yenziwe i-resveratol - isakhi samakhemikhali esitholwe, phakathi kokunye, kumagilebhisi, iwayini elibomvu nezinye izinhlobo zamantongomane.
I-genome ingasizwa
Ososayensi bathole ikhemikhali iseli elingakwazi ukuyiguqula libe yi-NAD + ebuyisela ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-nucleus ne-mitochondria ngesenzo esifanele se-SIRT1. Ukuphathwa okusheshayo kwalesi sakhi kukuvumela ukuthi uhlehlise ngokuphelele inqubo yokuguga; kancane, okungukuthi emva kwesikhathi eside, yehlisa ijubane kakhulu futhi unciphise imiphumela yayo.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ososayensi basebenzisa izicubu zemisipha yegundane elineminyaka emibili ubudala. Amaseli akhe ahlinzekwa ngenhlanganisela yamakhemikhali eyaguqulwa yaba i-NAD +, futhi izinkomba zokumelana ne-insulin, ukuphumula kwemisipha nokuvuvukala kwahlolwa. Zibonisa iminyaka yezicubu zomzimba. Njengoba kwenzeka, ngemva kokukhiqiza i-NAD + eyengeziwe, izicubu zomzimba zegundane elineminyaka engu-2 ubudala azizange zihluke nganoma iyiphi indlela kulelo legundane elinezinyanga ezingu-6 ubudala. Kungaba njengokuvuselela izicubu zomuntu oneminyaka engu-60 ubudala esimweni somuntu oneminyaka engu-20 ubudala.
Ngendlela, indima ebalulekile edlalwe yi-HIF-1 iye yavela obala. Lesi sici sibola ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokuhlushwa komoyampilo. Uma incane, inqwabelana ezicutshini. Lokhu kwenzeka njengoba amaseli eguga, kodwa nakwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Lokhu kungachaza ukuthi kungani ingozi yomdlavuza ikhula ngokukhula futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ikhombisa ukuthi i-physiology yokwakheka komdlavuza ifana neyokuguga. Ngenxa yocwaningo olwengeziwe, ubungozi bayo kufanele buncishiswe, kusho uDkt. Ana Gomes ovela eqenjini likaProf. Sinclair.
Njengamanje, ucwaningo alusekho ezicutshini, kodwa kumagundane aphilayo. Ososayensi abavela e-Harvard Medical School bafuna ukubona ukuthi izimpilo zabo zingaba isikhathi eside kangakanani ngemva kokusebenzisa indlela entsha yokubuyisela ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-intracellular.
Ingabe ufuna ukubambezela izinqubo zokuguga kwesikhumba? Zama isithasiselo esine-coenzyme Q10, i-cream-gel ukuze uthole izimpawu zokuqala zokuguga noma finyelela ukhilimu okhanyayo we-sea buckthorn u-Sylveco ngezimpawu zokuqala zokuguga okunikezwa yi-Medonet Market.
I-molecule eyodwa ivimba ama-neurons
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ithimba lososayensi abavela esikhungweni sokucwaninga ngomdlavuza waseJalimane - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) eholwa nguDkt Noma yimuphi uMartin-Villalba, bahlola esinye isici esibalulekile senqubo yokuguga - ukwehla kokuhlushwa, ukucabanga okunengqondo kanye nenkumbulo. Le miphumela ibangelwa ukwehla kwenani lama-neurons ebuchosheni ngenxa yobudala.
Ithimba likhombe i-molecule ebuchosheni begundane elidala elibizwa ngokuthi i-Dickkopf-1 noma u-Dkk-1. Ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwayo ngokuthulisa isakhi sofuzo esasinesibopho sokudalwa kwayo kubangele ukwanda kwenani lama-neurons. Ngokuvimbela u-Dkk-1, sakhulula i-neural brake, sibeka kabusha ukusebenza kumemori yendawo ezingeni elibonwa ezilwaneni ezincane, kusho uDkt Martin-Villalba.
Amaseli e-Neural stem atholakala ku-hippocampus futhi anesibopho sokwakheka kwama-neuron amasha. Ama-molecule akhethekile aseduze kwalawa maseli anquma injongo yawo: angahlala engasebenzi, azivuselele, noma ahlukanise abe izinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli obuchopho akhethekile: ama-astrocyte noma ama-neurons. I-molecule yesignali ebizwa ngokuthi i-Wnt isekela ukwakheka kwama-neuron amasha, kuyilapho u-Dkk-1 eqeda isenzo sayo.
Futhi hlola: Ingabe unazo izinduna? Uzoba mncane isikhathi eside!
Amagundane amadala avinjwe ngo-Dkk-1 abonise cishe ukusebenza okufanayo kumemori nemisebenzi yokuqashelwa njengamagundane amancane, njengoba ikhono lawo lokuvuselela nokukhiqiza ama-neurons angavuthiwe ebuchosheni bawo lasungulwa ezingeni lesici sezilwane ezincane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amagundane amancane ngaphandle kukaDktk-1 abonise ukuthambekela okuphansi ekuthuthukiseni ukucindezeleka kwangemva kokucindezeleka kunamagundane aneminyaka efanayo, kodwa ngokuba khona kuka-Dkk-1. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokubangela ukwehla kwenani lika-Dktk-1, angeke futhi akhulise umthamo wenkumbulo, kodwa futhi alwe nokucindezeleka.
Ososayensi bathi manje kuzodingeka ukuthi kuthuthukiswe uchungechunge lokuhlolwa kwe-biological Dkk-1 inhibitors futhi kuthuthukiswe izindlela zokwenza izidakamizwa ezizokwenza ukuthi zisetshenziswe. Lezi kungaba izidakamizwa ezisebenza ngokuhlanganyela - ngakolunye uhlangothi, zizobhekana nokulahlekelwa inkumbulo namakhono aziwa abantu abadala, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, zingenza njenge-antidepressant. Ngenxa yokubaluleka kodaba, cishe kuzothatha iminyaka emi-3-5 ngaphambi kokuba izidakamizwa zokuqala zokuvimba u-Dkk-1 zibe sezimakethe.