Ama-CAW ahlukene kakhulu futhi ukubonakaliswa kwawo kuhluke kakhulu. Lokho abafana ngakho: babonakala ngokuziphatha okuphazamisekile kanye nobudlelwano nokudla, futhi banomthelela omubi kakhulu empilweni yomuntu.

I-Anorexia nervosa (uhlobo oluvimbelayo noma oluhlobene nokudla ngokweqile)

I-Anorexia yi-TCA yokuqala okumele ichazwe futhi yaziwe. Sikhuluma nge-anorexia nervosa, noma ukwethuka. Kubonakala ngokwesaba okukhulu ukuba khuluphele noma ukukhuluphala, ngakho-ke isifiso esinamandla sokunciphisa umzimba, ukuvinjelwa kokudla ngokweqile (ukuze kufike lapho wenqaba ukudla), kanye nokukhubazeka komzimba. isithombe somzimba. Kuyisifo sengqondo esihlasela kakhulu abesifazane (90%) futhi esivame ukuvela ngesikhathi sokuthomba. I-anorexia kucatshangwa ukuthi ithinta u-0,3% kuya ku-1% wabesifazane abasebasha.

Izimpawu ze-anorexia zimi kanje:

1. Ukuvinjelwa ngokuzithandela kokudla namandla (noma ngisho nokwenqaba ukudla) okuholela ekwehleni kwesisindo esiningi futhi kubangele inkomba yesisindo somzimba ephansi kakhulu maqondana nobudala nobulili.
2. Ukwesaba okukhulu ukukhuluphala noma ukukhuluphala, ngisho noma uzacile.
3. Ukuhlanekezelwa kwesithombe somzimba (ukuzibona ukhuluphele noma ukhuluphele uma ungeyena), ukuphika isisindo sangempela kanye namandla adonsela phansi isimo.

Kwezinye izimo, i-anorexia ihlotshaniswa neziqephu zokudla ngokweqile (ukudla ngokweqile), okungukuthi, ukungeniswa kokudla ngokungelingani. Khona-ke umuntu “uyazihlanza” ukuze asuse ama-calories eqile, njengokuhlanza noma ukusebenzisa ama-laxatives noma ama-diuretics.

Ukungondleki okubangelwa i-anorexia kungase kubangele izimpawu eziningi. Kwabesifazane abasebasha, ukuya esikhathini kuvame ukuhamba ngaphansi kwesisindo esithile (i-amenorrhea). Ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla (ukuqunjelwa), ukukhathala, ukukhathala noma ukubanda, ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo, ukuntula ukuqonda kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwezinso. Uma ingelashwa, i-anorexia ingaholela ekufeni.

Bulimia amanosa

I-Bulimia yi-TCA ebonakala ngokudla ngokweqile noma ngokuphoqelela ukudla (ukudla ngokuzitika) okuhambisana nokuziphatha kokuhlanza (umzamo wokuqeda ukudla okungenamsoco, ngokuvamile ngokuhlanza okubangelwa).

I-bulimia ihlasela kakhulu abesifazane (cishe ama-90% amacala). Kulinganiselwa ukuthi u-1% kuya ku-3% wabesifazane uhlushwa i-bulimia empilweni yabo (kungaba iziqephu ezingazodwa).

Kubonakala nge:

• iziqephu eziphindaphindayo zokudla ngokuzitika (ukugwinya ukudla okuningi esikhathini esingaphansi kwamahora ama-2, nomuzwa wokulahlekelwa ukuzibamba)
• iziqephu "eziyisinxephezelo" eziphindaphindayo, ezihloselwe ukuvimbela ukuzuza kwesisindo (ukuhlanzwa)
• lezi ziqephu zenzeka okungenani kanye ngesonto izinyanga ezi-3.

Esikhathini esiningi, abantu abane-bulimia banesisindo esijwayelekile futhi bafihla "ukulingana" kwabo, okwenza kube nzima ukuxilonga.

Ukudla ukudla okunomsoco

Ukudla ngokweqile noma ukuzitika ngenkani kufana ne-bulimia (ukumunca ukudla ngendlela engalingani kanye nomuzwa wokulahlekelwa ukuzilawula), kodwa akuhambisane nokuziphatha okuyisinxephezelo, njengokuhlanza noma ukuphuza ama-laxative.

Ukudla ngokweqile ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa neziningana zalezi zici:

• dla ngokushesha kakhulu;
• dla uze uzizwe “usuthi kakhulu”;
• dla ukudla okuningi ngisho nalapho ungalambile;
• ukudla yedwa ngenxa yokuzizwa enamahloni ngenani lokudla okudliwe;
• umuzwa wokunengeka, ukucindezeleka noma umuzwa wecala ngemva kwesiqephu sokudla ngokweqile.

Ukudla ngokweqile kuhlotshaniswa nokukhuluphala ngokweqile ezimweni eziningi. Umuzwa wokusutha ukhubazekile noma awukho nhlobo.

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukudla ngokweqile (iziyaluyalu zokudla, ngesiNgisi) i-TCA evame kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo, u-3,5% wabesifazane kanye no-2% wabesilisa bazothinteka¹.

Ukudla okukhethekile

Lesi sigaba esisha se-DSM-5, esibanzi kakhulu, sihlanganisa ukudla okukhethiwe kanye / noma ukuphazamiseka kokugwema (I-ARFID, ye Isifo Sokugwema/Esikhawulela Ukudla Ekudlayo), ezithinta kakhulu izingane kanye nentsha. Lezi ziphazamiso zibonakala ikakhulukazi ngokukhetha okunamandla kakhulu kokudla: ingane idla ukudla okuthile kuphela, iyakwenqaba kakhulu (ngenxa yokuthungwa kwayo, umbala wabo noma iphunga labo, isibonelo). Lokhu kukhetha kunemiphumela emibi: ukulahlekelwa isisindo, ukungondleki, ukushiyeka. Ebuntwaneni noma ebusheni, lezi zinkinga zokudla zingaphazamisa ukukhula nokukhula.

Lezi zifo zihlukile kune-anorexia ngoba azihlotshaniswa nesifiso sokwehlisa isisindo noma isithombe somzimba esihlanekezelwe.².

Imbalwa imininingwane eshicilelwe ngale ndaba ngakho-ke kuncane okwaziwayo mayelana nokusabalala kwalezi zinkinga. Nakuba ziqala zisencane, ngezinye izikhathi zingaphikelela zibe abantu abadala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunengeka noma ukuzonda ukudla, ngemva kwesiqephu sokuminyanisa, kungenzeka kunoma iyiphi iminyaka, futhi kungahlukaniswa kulesi sigaba.

I-Pica (ukungenisa izinto ezingenakudliwa)

I-picca isifo esibonakala ngokungena ngenkani (noma okuphindaphindiwe) kwezinto ezingezona ukudla, njengenhlabathi (i-geophagy), amatshe, insipho, ushoki, iphepha, njll.

Uma zonke izingane zidlula esigabeni esivamile lapho zifaka noma yini eziyithola emlonyeni wazo, lo mkhuba uba yi-pathological lapho uphikelela noma uvela futhi ezinganeni ezindala (ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2).

Kuvame ukutholakala ezinganeni ezine-autism noma ukukhubazeka kwengqondo. Kungase futhi kwenzeke ezinganeni ezimpofu kakhulu, ezihlushwa ukungondleki noma ukushukumiseka kwazo ngokomzwelo kungenele.

Ukuvama akwaziwa ngoba lo mkhuba awubikwa ngokuhlelekile.

Kwezinye izimo, i-pica ingahlotshaniswa nokuntuleka kwe-iron: umuntu angafuna ngokungazi ukudla okungekona ukudla okucebile ngensimbi, kodwa le ncazelo isalokhu iyimpikiswano. Amacala e-pica ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (ukudla umhlaba noma ushoki) nawo abikwa³, futhi lo mkhuba uyingxenye yamasiko amazwe athile ase-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika (ukukholelwa ebuhleni “obunomsoco” bomhlaba)^4,5.

I-Merycism (isenzo se-"rumination", okungukuthi ukuphindaphinda nokuphindaphinda)

I-Merycism iyinkinga yokudla engavamile eholela ekubuyiseleni kanye "nokuhlafuna" kokudla okudliwe ngaphambilini.

Lokhu akukhona ukuhlanza noma i-reflux ye-gastroesophageal kodwa ukuphindaphinda ngokuzithandela kokudla okugaywe kancane. Ukubuyisela kabusha kwenziwa ngokuzikhandla, ngaphandle kwamajaqamba esiswini, ngokungafani nokuhlanza.

Lesi sifo senzeka kakhulu ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezincane, futhi kwesinye isikhathi nakubantu abakhubazeke ngokomqondo.

Ezinye izimo zokuvuthwa kwabantu abadala ngaphandle kokukhubazeka kwengqondo ziye zachazwa, kodwa ukusabalala kwalesi sifo akwaziwa.⁶.

Okunye ukuphazamiseka

Ezinye izinkinga zokudla zikhona, ngisho noma zingahlangabezani ngokucacile nenqubo yokuxilonga yezigaba ezishiwo ngenhla. Lapho nje indlela odla ngayo idala ukucindezeleka kwengqondo noma izinkinga zomzimba, kufanele kube isihloko sokubonisana nokwelashwa.

Isibonelo, kungase kube ukuthatheka ngezinhlobo ezithile zokudla (isibonelo i-orthorexia, okuwukuthatheka ngokudla “okunempilo”, ngaphandle kwe-anorexia), noma ukuziphatha okungavamile okufana nokudla kakhulu ebusuku, phakathi kokunye.