Okuqukethwe
Konke mayelana ne-sturgeon: izindlela zokudoba, izintambo, ukuzala kanye nezindawo zokuhlala
Izinhlobo zama-sturgeon zifakwe ohlwini lwe-Red Book (IUCN-96 Red List, I-Appendix 2 ye-CITES) futhi ziyingxenye yesigaba sokuqala sokungavamile - imiphakathi ehlukene yezinhlobo ezisabalele ezisengozini.
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi izinhlanzi ze-sturgeon zingabanjwa kuphela emanzini akhokhelwayo.
Ama-sturgeons awuhlobo olubanzi lwezinhlanzi ezi-semi-anadromous kanye ne-anadromous. Izinhlobo eziningi zalezi zinhlanzi zasendulo zingafinyelela osayizi abakhulu, abangaba ngu-6 m ubude futhi banesisindo esingaphezu kwama-800 kg. Ukubonakala kwama-sturgeon akukhumbuleki futhi kunezici ezivamile. Umzimba wezinhlanzi umbozwe imigqa yama-scutes. Ngokwezibonakaliso zangaphandle, ama-sturgeons afana nomunye nomunye. Ezinhlotsheni eziyishumi nanye ezihlala eRussia, umuntu angakwazi ukuhlukanisa i-sterlet (inamasayizi amaningi "amancane", cishe 1-2 kg) kanye ne-Amur kaluga (ifinyelela isisindo esingafika ku-1 ton).
Kwezinye izifunda, i-paddlefish eyakhiwe ngokwenziwa, okungezona "izindawo" zamanzi aseRussia. Futhi ziyingxenye ye-sturgeon order, kodwa zihlukaniswe emndenini ohlukile. Izinhlobo eziningi zibonakala ngezici eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-intraspecific zokuba khona (njengasendabeni yezinhlanzi ze-salmon); ukuvela kwamafomu ama-dwarf nama-sedentary abamba iqhaza ekuzaleni nezinhlanzi ezinama-anadromous; ukuzala okungewona unyaka nokunye. Ezinye izinhlobo zingakha amafomu ayi-hybrid, isibonelo, i-sturgeon yaseSiberia ixubene ne-sterlet, kanti i-hybrid ibizwa ngokuthi i-kostyr. I-sturgeon yaseRussia nayo ixubene ne-spike, i-beluga, i-stellate sturgeon. Izinhlobo eziningi ezihlobene eduze, kodwa ezihlala kude ukusuka kwenye, zingaba nomehluko oqinile wezakhi zofuzo.
Izindlela zokudoba ama-sturgeon
Wonke ama-sturgeon ayizinhlanzi ze-demersal kuphela. Indawo ephansi yomlomo ibonisa indlela yabo yokudla. Ama-sturgeon amaningi anokudla okuxubile. Ukudoba ukuzijabulisa emanzini amaningi emvelo kunqatshelwe noma kulawulwa ngokuqinile. Emachibini angasese, ukudoba ama-sturgeon kungenziwa kusetshenziswa igiya eliphansi nelintantayo, inqobo nje uma i-bait itholakala ngaphansi kwechibi. Abanye abadobi bazijwayeza ukudoba ama-spin. Kuyafaneleka ukuxoxisana nomnikazi wechibi kusengaphambili ngezimo lapho ukudoba kwenzekani. Uma udoba ngendlela yokubamba bese ukhulula, kungase kudingeke ukuthi usebenzise amahhuku anemihlaba. Ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, emanzini “asendle”, i-sturgeon ingakwazi futhi ukucofa ama-jig nezinye izinti zokuphotha.
Ukubamba i-sturgeon ngegiya elingezansi
Ngaphambi kokuya endaweni lapho i-sturgeon itholakala khona, hlola imithetho yokudoba le nhlanzi. Ukudoba emapulazini ezinhlanzi kulawulwa ngumnikazi. Ezimweni eziningi, ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yiziphi izinti zokudoba ezingezansi kanye nokudla okulula kuvunyelwe. Ngaphambi kokudoba, hlola usayizi wama-trophies okungenzeka kanye ne-bait enconywayo ukuze wazi amandla omugqa odingekayo namasayizi we-hook. Isisetshenziswa esibalulekile lapho ubamba i-sturgeon kufanele kube inetha elikhulu lokufika. Ukudoba okuphakelayo kanye nesikhethi kulula kakhulu kwabaningi, ngisho nabadobi abangenalwazi. Bavumela umdobi ukuthi anyakaze echibini, futhi ngenxa yamathuba okuphakela amabala, ngokushesha “baqoqa” izinhlanzi endaweni ethile. Isiphakeli nesikhethi, njengezinhlobo ezihlukene zemishini, okwamanje zihluka kuphela ngobude benduku. Isisekelo siwukuba khona kwesitsha se-bait-sinker (i-feeder) kanye namathiphu aguquguqukayo entongeni. Iziqongo ziyashintsha kuye ngezimo zokudoba kanye nesisindo se-feeder esetshenzisiwe. Izikelemu ezihlukahlukene, inyama yegobolondo nokunye kungasebenza njengombhobho wokudoba.
Le ndlela yokudoba itholakala kuwo wonke umuntu. I-Tackle ayifuni izisekeli ezengeziwe kanye nezinto zokusebenza ezikhethekile. Ungakwazi ukudoba cishe noma yimuphi umzimba wamanzi. Naka ukukhethwa kwama-feeders ngesimo nosayizi, kanye nezingxube ze-bait. Lokhu kungenxa yezimo ze-reservoir (umfula, ichibi, njll.) kanye nezintandokazi zokudla zezinhlanzi zendawo. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuze ubambe ngempumelelo i-sturgeon, lapho kungekho ukulunywa, kuyadingeka ukugwema ukuhlala ungenzi lutho lapho ubambene khona. Uma kungekho ukulunywa isikhathi eside, udinga ukushintsha indawo yokudoba noma, okungenani, ushintshe i-nozzle kanye nengxenye esebenzayo ye-bait.
Ukubamba i-sturgeon egiyeni lokuntanta
Imishini yokuntanta yokudoba i-sturgeon ezimweni eziningi ilula kakhulu. Okuthandwayo kufanele kunikezwe izinduku "ezinemishini yokugijima". Ngosizo lwe-reel, kulula kakhulu ukudonsa ama-specimens amakhulu. Imishini kanye nemigqa yokudoba ingaba nezakhiwo zamandla ezikhulayo - inhlanzi ayiqaphile kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ichibi liguqubele. I-tackle kufanele ilungiswe ukuze umlomo wombhobho ube ngezansi. Njengasendabeni yenduku ye-feeder, inani elikhulu le-bait liyadingeka ekudobeni okuphumelelayo. Amaqhinga ajwayelekile okudoba afana nokudoba ngezinduku ezingaphansi. Uma kungekho ukulunywa isikhathi eside, udinga ukushintsha indawo yokudoba noma i-nozzle. Izintandokazi zokudla kwezinhlanzi zendawo kufanele zihlolwe nabadobi abanolwazi noma abahleli bokudoba.
Ukubamba i-sturgeon ngegiya lasebusika
I-sturgeon ebusika iya ezindaweni ezijulile zamadamu. Ukudoba, kusetshenziswa imishini yaphansi yasebusika: kokubili ukuntanta nokunqekuzisa ikhanda. Lapho udoba eqhweni, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ngobukhulu bemigodi kanye nokudlalwa kwezinhlanzi. Ubunzima bungavela ngenxa yezici zesakhiwo sekhanda kanye nokuma komlomo. Amandla nokulungisa tackle eqhweni - esinye sezikhathi ezibalulekile zokudoba ebusika kwe-sturgeon.
Amahubo
I-sturgeon ibanjwa ngezilwane nemifino ehlukahlukene. Emvelweni, ezinye izinhlobo ze-sturgeon zingaba ngokukhethekile ohlotsheni oluthile lokudla. Lokhu kusebenza ezinhlotsheni zamanzi ahlanzekile. Ngokuphathelene namapulazi amasiko, izinhlanzi zibonakala "ngemenyu ehlukahlukene", kuhlanganise nemvelaphi yezitshalo. Ukudla kuncike ekudleni okusetshenziswa ngabanikazi bedamu. Ama-bait ane-flavour eqinile kanye nama-bait anconywa ukudoba ama-sturgeon. Isibindi, inyama yezinhlanzi ezihlukahlukene, ama-shrimp, i-shellfish, i-fry, kanye nophizi, inhlama, ummbila, njll. Futhi ukudla kwemvelo kwama-sturgeons kukhona abameleli abahlukahlukene be-benthos ephansi, izibungu, izibungu nezinye izibungu ezingenamgogodla.
Izindawo zokudoba kanye nezindawo zokuhlala
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-sturgeon zihlala endaweni epholile yase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. I-Sakhalin sturgeon ihlala esifundeni sasePacific, esiza ukuzala emifuleni: kokubili indawo emaphakathi nesiqhingi. Izinhlobo eziningi ziya olwandle ukuze ziyodla. Kukhona nezinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile ezihlala emachibini futhi zakha amaqembu ahlala emifuleni. Inombolo enkulu ye-sturgeon ihlala ogwini loLwandle lweCaspian (cishe ama-90% azo zonke izitoko zalolu hlobo emhlabeni). Ama-sturgeons akhetha izindawo ezijulile, kodwa kuye ngezimo ze-reservoir nokudla (ama-benthos aphansi, ama-molluscs, njll.), angafuduka ayofuna ukuqoqwa kokudla. Ebusika, zakha ukunqwabelana emigodini yasebusika emifuleni.
Ukuzalela
Ukuzala kwama-sturgeon kuphezulu kakhulu. Abantu abakhulu bangazalela amaqanda ayizigidi ezimbalwa, nakuba izinhlobo eziningi zama- sturgeon sezizoshabalala. Lokhu kungenxa yesimo semvelo endaweni okuhlala kuyo kanye nokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho. Ukuzala kwe-sturgeon kwenzeka entwasahlobo, kodwa isikhathi sokufuduka kokuzala siyinkimbinkimbi futhi siqondile kuhlobo ngalunye. Amaqembu emvelo asenyakatho akhula kancane kakhulu, ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kungenzeka kuphela eminyakeni eyi-15-25 ubudala, kanye nemvamisa yokuzala. - Iminyaka engu-3-5. Ezinhlotsheni eziseningizimu, lesi sikhathi sisukela eminyakeni eyi-10-16.