Okuqukethwe
Uhlobo lwezinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile zomndeni we-carp. Izinhlanzi zisaqondwa kahle, futhi incazelo yazo ehlelekile iyindaba yokuphikisana phakathi kwezazi zemvelo kanye ne-ichthyologists. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu kuphela zezinhlanzi, zonke ezihlala ezintabeni nasezintabeni ze-Asia Emaphakathi ne-Central. Ukudideka akuxhunyiwe nje ngenxa yezici ze-morphological, kodwa futhi nezinhlobo zemvelo zale nhlanzi. Ezweni laseRussia, ezindaweni eziphakeme ze-Ob, i-Osman Potanin ihlala, futhi uyi-Altai Osman noma umdanso wezintaba. Okwamanje, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi le nhlanzi inezinhlobo ezintathu zemvelo ezihlukile endleleni yokuphila nokudla, ngakho-ke ngobukhulu. Isici esingavamile ekunqumeni ukubukeka kwalezi zinhlanzi sitholakala eqinisweni lokuthi indawo yomlomo ophansi kanye no-semi-upper kuthiwa yinhlanzi eyodwa. Ngokudla okunomsoco, izinhlanzi zihlukaniswa zibe izilwane ezidliwayo, i-omnivorous - i-herbivorous kanye ne-dwarf. Izilwane ezidliwayo zifinyelela ubude obungaphezu kuka-1 m, ngesisindo esijwayelekile esingu-2-4 kg, izibonelo ezifika ku-10 kg zingenzeka. Ngokuvamile, wonke ama-Ottoman angabangelwa izinhlanzi ezikhula kancane. Ukuvela kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo kuhlotshaniswa nokuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco emifuleni yezintaba nasemachibini ase-Altai naseMongolia. Izinhlanzi zijwayelana nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokudla: kusukela ezitshalweni nasezimbewu zazo, izilwane ezingenamgogodla, kuye kwezazo ezincane nezinhlanzi ezifile.
Izindlela zokudoba i-Osman
Kwamanye amachibi ase-Altai naseTyva, izinhlanzi zazibanjwa ngokwezimboni. Ama-angle amaningi abamba u-osman odla inyama egiyeni lokuphotha. Ukwengeza, i-osman ingabanjwa ekulingiseni izilwane ezingenamgogodla, kanye negiya elintantayo neliphansi kuma-baits ezilwane. Ebusika, i-Osman ayisebenzi kangako, kodwa ibanjwa ngempumelelo ku-jigs kanye ne-lure eqondile.
Ловля османа на ukuphotha
Abadobi abaningi abanolwazi bathi ama-Ottoman amelana nenkani njenge-salmon. Ukudoba ukuphotha, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa izinduku ezihambisana nesipiliyoni somdobi kanye nendlela yokudoba. Ukudoba i-osman edla inyama, okokuqala, ukudoba emachibini, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa izikebhe. Ngaphambi kokudoba, kufanelekile ukucacisa izimo zokudoba. Ukukhethwa kwenduku, ubude bayo nokuhlolwa kungase kuncike kulokhu. Izinduku ezinde zikhululekile kakhulu lapho zidlala izinhlanzi ezinkulu, kodwa zingase zingakhululeki lapho zidoba emabhange akhule kakhulu noma ezikebheni ezincane eziphefumulayo. Ukuhlolwa kokuphotha kuncike ekukhethweni kwesisindo sama-spinner. Isixazululo esingcono kakhulu kungaba ukuthatha ama-spinners anesisindo nosayizi abahlukene nawe. Izimo zokudoba emfuleni noma echibini zingahluka kakhulu, kufaka phakathi ngenxa yesimo sezulu ezintabeni, ngakho-ke kungcono ukukhetha igiya lendawo yonke. Ukukhethwa kwe-reel inertial kufanele kuhlotshaniswe nesidingo sokuba nezintambo eziningi zokudoba. Intambo noma umugqa wokudoba akufanele ube mncane kakhulu, isizathu akukona nje kuphela ukuthi kungenzeka ukubamba indondo enkulu, kodwa futhi ngoba izimo zokudoba zingadinga ukulwa okuphoqelekile.
Ukubamba u-osman ngegiya lasebusika
Ukubamba i-osman ngezinduku zasebusika akuhlukani nezici ezinhle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa i-nodding tackle evamile usebenzisa i-mormyshki nezingwegwe ezengeziwe. Ukuze ubambe i-osman enkulu, ama-spinner ahlukahlukene asetshenziswa, kuye ngokuthi i-trophy elindelekile, amasayizi angahluka kusuka ku-"perch" encane kuya kusayizi ophakathi. Lapho udoba ngezinti zemvelo, kungenzeka kakhulu ukusebenzisa imishini yasebusika entantayo.
Ukubamba u-osman ngezinduku ezingezansi
Ehlobo, lapho udoba emachibini e-osman, ungadoba ngezinduku ezingezansi nezintantayo ukuze usakaze ibanga elide usebenzisa izilo zezilwane noma udobo oluphilayo. U-Osman angabanjwa ngamagiya ahlukahlukene, kodwa, kusukela ku-"donok", kufanele unikeze okuthandayo kumphakeli. Ikhululekile kakhulu kwabaningi, ngisho nabadobi abangenalwazi. Bavumela umdobi ukuthi anyakaze echibini, futhi ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi athole amaphuzu, ngokushesha "aqoqe" izinhlanzi endaweni ethile. Isiphakeli nesikhethi, njengezinhlobo ezihlukene zemishini, okwamanje zihluka kuphela ngobude benduku. Isisekelo siwukuba khona kwesitsha se-bait-sinker (i-feeder) kanye namathiphu aguquguqukayo entongeni. Iziqongo ziyashintsha kuye ngezimo zokudoba kanye nesisindo se-feeder esetshenzisiwe. Imibhobho yokudoba ingaba yinoma iyiphi, kokubili imifino nezilwane, kuhlanganise nama-pastes. Le ndlela yokudoba itholakala kuwo wonke umuntu. I-Tackle ayifuni izisekeli ezengeziwe kanye nezinto zokusebenza ezikhethekile. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi udobe cishe kunoma iyiphi imizimba yamanzi. Kuyafaneleka ukunaka ukukhethwa kwama-feeders ngesimo nosayizi, kanye nezingxube ze-bait. Lokhu kungenxa yezimo ze-reservoir (umfula, ichibi, njll.) kanye nezintandokazi zokudla zezinhlanzi zendawo. Ku-Osman, kufanelekile ukucabangela iqiniso lokuthi uthanda izithiyo zemvelaphi yezilwane.
Amahubo
Ukuze ubambe i-osman egiyeni lokuphotha, kusetshenziswa ama-baubles ahlukahlukene azungezayo nanama-oscillating osayizi ophakathi noma omncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-wobblers aphakathi nendawo asetshenziselwa izintambo ezifanayo kanye nokujula okuhlukile. Lapho bedoba ezimbongolo nasezintangeni, babamba izikelemu ezihlukahlukene, inyama yegobolondo nenhlanzi. Ebusika, ukutshalwa kabusha kwe-mormysh nezinye izilwane ezingenamgogodla kusetshenziswa ngempumelelo. Abadobi baseSiberia, kuhlanganise nabadobi base-Altai, bavame ukukhetha ama-spinner asebusika nge-hook edayisiwe, lapho kutshalwa khona inyama yenhlanzi noma i-mormysh efanayo. Izinhlobo ezincane ze-osman zisabela ekukhohliseni ngokusebenzisa "amaqhinga" - ukulingiswa okuhlukahlukene kwama-invertebrates.
Izindawo zokudoba kanye nezindawo zokuhlala
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, endaweni yaseRussia, i-osman ingabanjwa endaweni yama-republic ase-Altai naseTuva. I-Altai Osman Potanin ingatholakala ngokuqiniseka okugcwele emachibini nasemifuleni yezindawo eziphakeme ze-Ob: Argut, Bashkaus, Chuya, Chulyshman. Emifuleni, inhlanzi igwema ama-rapids, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinedwala eliphansi kanye nesilinganiso sokugeleza. Igcina emanzini angaphansi naphakathi. Ayenzi amaqoqo amakhulu.
Ukuzalela
Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlobo eziningana zemvelo ze-Altai osman Potanin zibangelwa inhlanzi eyodwa, kufanelekile ukuphawula umehluko omkhulu ekuzaleni kwalezi zinhlanzi. Kukhona elinye iphuzu elithakazelisayo eliyihlukanisa kwezinye izinhlanzi esifundeni. Kukholakala ukuthi i-fish caviar inobuthi. Indlela edla inyama ye-osman izala phansi enkulu enetshe elincane futhi ekujuleni okukhulu. Uhlobo lwe-omnivorous lwe-osman luthuthela ogwini endaweni yezitshalo zasogwini kanye ne-algae. I-substrate yokuzalela inhlabathi enetshe eliyisihlabathi. Ngefomu elincanyana, indawo yokuzala ibhekwa njengomugqa omncane onqenqemeni olusogwini ekujuleni kuka-5-7 cm. U-Osman uvuthwa ngokobulili, kuye ngesimo semvelo, eneminyaka engu-7-9. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, i-caviar enamathelayo inamathele phansi. Ukuzalanisa kuyahlukaniswa futhi kweluliwe, cishe izinyanga ezimbalwa zasentwasahlobo-ehlobo. Isikhathi somsebenzi wokuzala ngezindlela ezahlukene asihlangani.
Izinyathelo Zokuphepha Kokudla
Njengoba kunjalo kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zase-Asia (isibonelo, i-marinka), hhayi i-caviar kuphela enobuthi ku-osman, kodwa futhi nezitho zangaphakathi. Lapho uhlanza izinhlanzi, qiniseka ukuthi uhlanza ngokucophelela ingaphakathi futhi ususe ifilimu ku-peritoneum. Futhi, hlambulula ngesisombululo esiqinile sikasawoti. Izibilini kufanele zicekelwe phansi noma zigqitshwe ukuze zingafaki ushevu ezilwaneni ezifuywayo noma zasendle.