Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STDs), manje ezibizwa ngokuthi izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs), yizifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa ukudluliswa kwamagciwane ngesikhathi socansi. I-STD idinga ukutholwa kusenesikhathi ukunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga.

I-STD isifinyezo sesifo esithathelwana ngocansi. Esasaziwa njengesifo se-venereal, i-STD yisifo esithathelwanayo esingabangelwa amagciwane ahlukahlukene. Lezi zidluliselwa ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini, noma ngabe hlobo luni lwazo, phakathi kwabalingani ababili. Amanye ama-STD nawo angadluliselwa ngegazi nobisi lwebele.

I-STI isifinyezo sesifo esithathelwana ngocansi. Eminyakeni yakamuva, isichazamazwi se-IST sithande ukufaka esikhundleni sesifinyezo i-MST. Ngokusho kweziphathimandla zezempilo zomphakathi, "ukusebenzisa igama elifingqiwe i-IST ukukhuthaza ukuhlolwa (noma) ngaphandle kwezimpawu". Ngakho-ke, umehluko kuphela phakathi kwe-STI ne-STD kukusethemini elisetshenzisiwe. Ama-akhronimi i-IST ne-MST aqamba izifo ezifanayo.

I-STI ingabangelwa amagciwane angaphezu kwe-XNUMX ocansi. Lokhu kungaba:

• amabhaktheriya, Njenge I-Treponema pallidum, i-Neisseria gonorrhoeae et Chlamydia trachomatis ;
• amagciwane, njengegciwane lesandulela-ngculazi (i-HIV), igciwane le-hepatitis B (HBV), I-Herpes simplex (HSV) kanye ne-human papillomavirus (PHV);
• izimuncagaziKufaka phakathi I-Trichomonas vaginalis.

Ngokwe-World Health Organisation (WHO), amagciwane ayisishiyagalombili okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla ayabandakanyeka ezimeni eziningi ze-STD. Phakathi kwazo kukhona:

• i-syphilis, ukutheleleka ngamagciwane I-Treponema pallidum, ebonakala njengeshansela futhi engathuthuka futhi iholele kwezinye izinkinga uma inganakekelwa ngesikhathi;
• isipatsholo, ebizwa nangokuthi i-gonorrhea noma i- "hot-piss", ehambelana nokutheleleka ngamagciwane I-Neisseria gonorrhoeae;
• i-chlamydiose, evame ukubizwa nge-chlamydia, ebangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane Chlamydia trachomatis futhi okungenye yezifo ezithathelana ngokocansi ezivame kakhulu emazweni aseNtshonalanga;
• i-trichomoniasis, ukutheleleka ngo-parasite I-Trichomonas vaginalis, okuvame ukubonakaliswa kwabesifazane ngokukhishwa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane okuhambisana nokulunywa nokushiswa;
• ukutheleleka ngegciwane i-hepatitis B (VHB), okuholela ekulimaleni kwesibindi;
• i-herpes yangasese, kubangelwa igciwane I-Herpes simplex, ikakhulukazi thayipha 2 (HSV-2), ekhombisa njengezilonda zomzimba ezithweni zangasese;
• ukutheleleka nge igciwane lokuzivikela komzimba (I-HIV), elibhekele i-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (i-AIDS);
• ukutheleleka nge i-papillomavirus yesintu, ezingadala i-condyloma, izilonda zangasese zangaphandle, futhi ezingakhuthaza ukukhula komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

Ama-STD angadluliselwa ngesikhathi socansi, sanoma yiluphi uhlobo, phakathi kwabalingani ababili. Zivame ukutholakala kubantu abadala. Ezinye izifo zocansi zingadluliselwa zisuka kumama ziye enganeni.

Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kwesinye isifo se-STD. Futhi zingahluka kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu ezithile ezisikisela ngesifo socansi, njenge:

• ukulimala esithweni sangasese, okungadala ukucasuka, ukulunywa, ubomvu, ukusha, izilonda noma nezinduna;
• ukuphuma okungavamile esithweni sangasese, ipipi noma ingquza;
• ukushisa ngesikhathi sokuchama;
• i-dyspaneuria, okungukuthi ubuhlungu kanye / noma ukuvutha okuzwayo ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini;
• ubuhlungu esiswini esingezansi;
• izimpawu ezihambisana nomkhuhlane nekhanda.

Isici esiyinhloko sengozi yama-STD ubulili obuyingozi, okungukuthi, ucansi olungaphephile.

Kungenzeka ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-STD ngokunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka:

• ukuvikelwa okwanele ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini, ikakhulukazi ngokugqoka ikhondomu yabesilisa noma yabesifazane;
• ukugonyelwa izinto ezithile ezithathelwanayo, njengegciwane le-hepatitis B (HBV) ne-human papillomavirus (HPV).

Uma ungabaza, kunconywa futhi ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-STD. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuvumela ukwelashwa okusheshayo futhi kunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka.

Kunconywa ukuhlolwa kwe-STI uma kwenzeka ungabaza noma ucansi oluyingozi. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ube nguthwali we-STI ngaphandle kokuqaphela. Ngemininingwane engaphezulu ngalezi zivivinyo zokuhlola, ungathola imininingwane ku:

• uchwepheshe wezempilo njengodokotela ojwayelekile, udokotela wezifo zabesifazane noma umbelethisi;
• ulwazi lwamahhala, isikhungo sokuhlola nokuxilonga (i-CeGIDD);
• isikhungo sokuhlela nemfundo (CPEF).

Ukuphathwa kwezokwelapha kwe-STD kuya nge-ejenti elithathelwanayo elibandakanyekayo. Yize amanye ama-STIs elapheka, amanye awelapheki futhi kuseseyindaba yocwaningo lwesayensi.

Amanye ama-STD alaphekayo afaka ugcunsula, i-gonorrhea, i-chlamydia, ne-trichomoniasis. Izifundo zesayensi ziyaqhubeka nokuthola ukwelashwa kwama-STD angengelapheki njenge-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, hepatitis B ne-genital herpes.