I-Sibilance umsindo ohoshelwayo ongazwakala lapho ukhipha umoya. Imvamisa kuyisibonakaliso sokuncipha kwe-bronchi, ezimeni eziningi ezibangelwa yisifo esifana nesifuba somoya noma isifo esingamahlalakhona se-pulmonary disease (COPD).

Umsindo umsindo ongajwayelekile okhiqizwa ukuphefumula udokotela ongakuzwa nge-stethoscope lapho exhumanisa amaphaphu. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zama-rattles:

• ama-crackles: avela ekugcineni kokuphefumulelwa, aveza ukulimala kwezicubu ze-alveoli nezamaphaphu;
• ukurhona noma i-ronchus: okwenzeka kakhulu ekuphelelweni yisikhathi, kuyisibonakaliso sokuqongelelwa kwezimfihlo ku-bronchi, njengasesikhathini se-bronchitis;
• i-sibilant: i-sibilant rattle noma i-sibilance, ingazwakala ngesikhathi sokuphefumula. Kuzwakala sengathi kuyimpempe ephezulu futhi kuvame ukuhambisana nokuncipha kwe-bronchi. Lapho uphefumula, umoya odlula kwi-bronchi encishisiwe ubanga lo msindo wokuhayiza. Ukuncipha kwe-bronchi kungadalwa yisifo esifana nesifuba somoya noma isifo samaphaphu esingapheliyo (COPD). Kungaba futhi umphumela wokuvuvukala kwesikhashana, njengoba kunjalo nge-bronchitis, ngokwesibonelo. Umzwelo onamandla nawo ungadala lo msindo wokuhayiza.

Asthma

I-asthma yisifo sokuphefumula esidala ukuvuvukala okungapheli kwe-bronchi. Lesi sifo sibonakaliswa ukuhlaselwa ngendlela yokuphefumula nobunzima bokuphefumula, okungaholela ekulalisweni esibhedlela. Ekuhlaselweni yisifuba somoya, ukuvuvukala kubangela imisipha ye-bronchial ukuthi ingene, okwenza ububanzi be-bronchi banciphe kanye nokwanda kwemfihlo yama-mucus. Zombili lezi zinto zidala ubunzima ekuphefumuleni. Imvamisa nobunzima bokubanjwa buhlukahluka kuye ngomuntu. Izimpawu zingase zibe nzima ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca umzimba noma ebusuku. Ukuhlaselwa kungaba ngamahora ambalwa noma ukuhlukaniswa ngezinsuku ezimbalwa, noma izinyanga ezimbalwa noma iminyaka eminingana. Phakathi kokuhlaselwa kabili, ukuphefumula kuvamile.

Kuyisifo esihlasela abantu abayizigidi ezi-4 eFrance. Angelapheki, kodwa kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisiza ukugcina isifo silawulwa futhi sinciphise ingozi yokuquleka. Ivame ukutholakala ngesikhathi sobuntwana. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo zesifuba somoya ezenzeka kubantu abadala, njengesifuba somoya sasemsebenzini esimela u-5 kuya ku-10% wezifo zesifuba somoya eFrance. Kuwumphumela wokuchayeka njalo emikhiqizweni ethile.

COPD

Isifo samaphaphu esingapheliyo yisifo esingapheli sokuvuvukala kwe-bronchi. Kubonakala ngokuvuvukala kwemigwaqo yomoya edala ukuqina kwezindonga ze-bronchi kanye ne-hypersecretion of mucus. Ukuncipha kwemigwaqo yomoya kuhamba kancane futhi kuhlala njalo. Kubangela ukungakhululeki okuphefumula. Ukuvuvukala nakho kungaholela ekubhujisweni kwamaseli ku-alveoli yamaphaphu.

Lesi sifo sibonakaliswa yizimpawu ezilandelayo: ukuphefumula, ukukhwehlela okungamahlalakhona, ukukhwehlela, njll. Zivame ukuvela kancane kancane futhi zibe zimbi kakhulu ngoba zibukelwa phansi yilowo nalowo muntu. Lokhu kwehlisa isithunzi kuhilela ukukhuphuka, okusho ukuthi ukuqhuma lapho izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu.

Lesi sifo sihlasela abantu abayizigidi ezingama-3,5 eFrance. Isici esiyingozi enkulu ugwayi: ama-80% wamacala abangelwa ukubhema, ukusebenza noma ukwenziwa. Kukhona, kunjalo, ezinye izinto ezinobungozi: ukungcoliswa komoya, ukuvezwa emsebenzini kumakhemikhali, izifo zokuphefumula njalo, njll.

I-sibilance ngokwayo ayinamphumela omncane, kungukungaphatheki kahle okuphefumula okuvame ukuhambisana nakho okufanele kuthathwe ngokungathi sína. Imiphumela izohlobana nesifo esibangela ukuvunguza.

Asthma

Uma singalawulwa kahle, lesi sifo singaholela ekulalisweni nasezibhedlela ngisho nasekufeni (60 kanye 000 ngonyaka, ngokulandelana). Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifuba somoya sinomthelela omkhulu ezingeni lempilo, okuholela ekuqwashisweni, imisebenzi encishisiwe noma ukungasebenzi emsebenzini okuphawulekayo esikoleni noma emsebenzini.

COPD

I-COPD idala ukulaliswa nokulaliswa kwabantu abaningi unyaka nonyaka ngenxa yokwanda kwalesi sifo (ukuqhuma lapho izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu).

Asthma

Isifuba somoya asisona isifo eselaphayo. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokwelashwa eziyisisekelo okufanele zithathwe nsuku zonke ezenza ukuthi kube lula ukwengeza izikhathi zokuxolelwa nokunciphisa imvamisa yokuhlaselwa. Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa, kungenzeka ukuthatha izindlela ezithile zokwelapha ukulawula izimpawu.

COPD

I-COPD ayikwazi ukwelashwa. Abaphathi bayo banganciphisa ukuvela kwayo futhi bahlehlise nezimpawu ezithile. Lokhu kusekelwa kufaka:

• ukuyeka ukubhema ezigulini ezibhemayo;
• ukuvuselelwa kokuphefumula;
• ukuzivocavoca umzimba;
• imithi.

Mayelana nezidakamizwa, lawa angama-bronchodilators, ngakho-ke isenzo ukukhulisa izindlela zomoya nokwenza ngcono ukugeleza komoya. Lokhu kwelashwa kungahlanganiswa nama-corticosteroids ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwasendaweni uma kwenzeka kukhuphuka kaninginingi nezimpawu ezinzima.

Uma uphefumula ngesikhathi sokuphefumula, unganqikazi ukubonisana nodokotela wakho ozokukhombisa inqubo okumele uyilandele uma ungabaza.