Igama elithi uketshezi lisho ukukhiqizwa kwento ngezicubu noma indlala.

Emzimbeni womuntu, leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukukhuluma kakhulu:

• uketshezi lwe-bronchopulmonary
• ukufihla kwesisu
• uketshezi lwesisu
• uketshezi olumathe

Igama elithi isikhwehlela, kwezokwelapha, lincanyelwa lelo lezimfihlo futhi licaciswe kakhulu. Ngokwencazelo, kuyimfihlo ebusayo, eguquguqukayo ekhiqizwa kubantu izitho ezahlukahlukene zangaphakathi noma ulwelwesi lwamafinyila. I-Mucus ingaphezu kwama-95% amanzi, futhi iqukethe namaprotheni amakhulu, ikakhulukazi ama-mucins (2%), okunika ukungaguquguquki okubukeka futhi okungancibiliki (okufana neqanda elimhlophe). Iqukethe ne-electrolyte, lipids, usawoti wezinto ezingaphili, njll.

I-Mucus ifihliwe ikakhulukazi kusuka emaphashini, kodwa futhi kusuka ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla kanye nohlelo lokuzala.

Amafinyila adlala indima yokugcotshwa, ukufuthiswa komoya, nokuvikelwa, okwenza kube yisithiyo esilwa nokutheleleka. Ngakho-ke kuyimfihlo ejwayelekile, ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwezitho.

Kuleli shidi, sizogxila ekuvikeleni kwe-bronchopulmonary and mucus, okuyizinto "ezibonakalayo" kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ekutheleleni okuphefumulayo.

I-Mucus ibalulekile ukuvikela i-bronchi: "iyisithiyo" sokuqala sokulwa nezicasuli kanye nezinto ezithathelwanayo, ezihlala zingena emaphashini ethu ngesikhathi sokuphefumulelwa (ngesilinganiso sama-500 L omoya ophefumulayo ngehora, siyaqonda ukuthi kukhona "ukungcola" okuningi !). Ifihliwe yizinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli: i-epithelium (amaseli angaphezulu) kanye nezindlala ze-sero-mucous.

Kodwa-ke, lapho kukhona ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala, uketshezi lwe-mucus lungakhula. Ingabuye ibonakale kakhulu futhi ivimbe imigwaqo yomoya, iphazamise ukuphefumula futhi ibangele ukukhwehlela. Ukukhwehlela kungaholela ekukhwehleleni amafinyila. Amafinyila alindelwe akhiwa uketshezi lwe-bronchial, kepha futhi nezimfihlo ezivela emakhaleni, emlonyeni nasepharynx. Iqukethe imfucumfucu yeselula nezinambuzane ezincane, ezingashintsha ukubukeka nombala.

Nazi ezinye izimbangela ze-bronchial hypersecretion:

• i-bronchitis
• izifo zesifo se-bronchial (izinkinga zomkhuhlane, imikhuhlane)
• isifuba somoya (uketshezi lwe-bronchial secretion)
• i-edema yamapulmari
• ukubhema
• isifo samaphaphu ukuvimbela isifo esingelapheki noma esingapheliyo samaphaphu
• ukuxhumana nokungcola komoya (uthuli, ufulawa, amakhemikhali, njll.)
• i-cystic fibrosis (cystic fibrosis), okuyisifo sofuzo
• i-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
• sofuba

Uma i-mucus ikhiqizwa ngobuningi obuningi, izophazamisa ukushintshaniswa kwegesi emaphashini (ngakho-ke ukuphefumula), ivimbele ukuqedwa kokungcola okusebenzayo futhi ikhuthaze ukoloni lwamagciwane.

Ukukhwehlela kuvame ukusiza ukususa amafinyila amaningi. Ukukhwehlela empeleni kuyisimo esinqunyiwe esihlose ukususa i-bronchi, i-trachea kanye nomphimbo wezimfihlakalo eziyiminyanisa. Sikhuluma ngokukhwehlela okukhiqizayo noma ukukhwehlela okunamafutha lapho kukhishwa isikhwehlela.

Lapho isikhwehlela siqukethe ubomvu (ophuzi noma oluhlaza okotshani), kungahle kudingeke ukuthi uthintane, yize umbala awuhlobene neze nokuba khona kwamagciwane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba khona kwegazi kufanele kuholele ekubonisaneni okuphuthumayo.

Izixazululo zincike embangela.

Ngezifo ezingalapheki ezifana nesifuba somoya, kunezinqubo ezihlelwe kahle, ezibucayi kanye nokwelashwa okuguqula izifo okusiza ukulawula izimpawu nokuphila impilo ejwayelekile, noma cishe.

Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka okunamandla noma okungapheli, ikakhulukazi i-bronchitis, ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic kungadingeka. Kwezinye izimo, kunganconywa umuthi wokunciphisa uketshezi ukwenza ukuthi zisuswe.

Ngokusobala, uma i-bronchial hypersecretion ixhunyaniswe nokubhema, ukumisa ukubhema kuphela kuzothulisa ukucasuka futhi kubuyise i-epithelium enempilo yamaphaphu. Ditto uma ukucasuka kuhlobene nokuchayeka kokungcola, ngokwesibonelo emsebenzini. Kulezi zimo, kufanele kuboniswane nodokotela osebenzayo ukuze ahlole ubunzima bezimpawu futhi, uma kunesidingo, abheke ushintsho lomsebenzi.

Ngezifo ezibucayi ezifana nesifo esingamahlalakhona sokuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu noma i-cystic fibrosis, ukwelashwa kwamaphaphu ngamathimba ajwayele lesi sifo ngokusobala kuyadingeka.