Igama elithi “shiitake”, elingavamile ezindlebeni zethu, linemvelaphi elula neqondakalayo yawo wonke amaJapane: “Shi” yigama lesiJapane lesihlahla (Castanopsiscuspidate), lapho leli khowa livame ukumila khona emvelweni, futhi “lithatha. ” kusho “ikhowe”. Ngokuvamile, i-shiitake ibizwa nangokuthi "amakhowe asehlathini laseJapane" - futhi wonke umuntu uyaqonda ukuthi imayelana nani.
Lelikhowe livame ukubizwa ngokuthi isiJapane, kodwa liyakhula futhi litshalwe ngokukhethekile, kuhlanganise naseShayina. Amakhowe eShiitake ayaziwa eChina naseJapane iminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane, futhi ngokusho kwemithombo ethile ebhaliwe, kusukela ngekhulu lesibili BC! Obunye ubufakazi obudala obunokwethenjelwa obubhaliwe bezinzuzo ze-shiitake bungokadokotela odumile waseShayina wasendulo uWu Juei, owabhala ukuthi amakhowe e-shiitake awagcini nje ngokumnandi futhi anomsoco, kodwa futhi ayaphilisa: aphulukisa ipheshana lokuphefumula eliphezulu, isibindi, usizo ngokumelene nobuthakathaka. nokulahlekelwa amandla, ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi, ukunciphisa ukuguga komzimba nokwandisa ithoni jikelele. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nemithi esemthethweni (yasebukhosini) yaseShayina yamukela i-shiitake ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-13-16. Amakhowe amnandi futhi anempilo, aziwa nangokuthi ikhono lawo lokukhulisa amandla, asheshe athanda izicukuthwane zaseShayina, yingakho manje esebizwa nangokuthi "amakhowe ombuso wamaShayina." Kanye namakhowe kaReishi, lawa amakhowe athandwa kakhulu e-China - futhi kuleli zwe bazi okuningi ngemithi yendabuko!
Ulwazi lwabelaphi benkathi ephakathi, okungenzeka ukuthi lusekelwe ekuqapheliseni nasekulwazini, alukakaphelelwa yisikhathi kuze kube namuhla. Kunalokho, ososayensi banamuhla baseJapane, baseShayina nabaseNtshonalanga bathola ubufakazi obusha besayensi ngakho. Odokotela, ikakhulukazi, baye bafakazela ukuthi i-shiitake isiza ukwehlisa i-cholesterol yegazi (kuphela nje ukudla kwamasonto onke amakhowe njengesengezo kunciphisa i-cholesterol ye-plasma ngo-12%!), Yilwa nesisindo esiningi, isiza ngokungabi namandla, ithuthukise isimo sesikhumba. Lokhu kokugcina, yiqiniso, kuyathakazelisa ikakhulukazi kumthengi jikelele, ngakho-ke, ngokusekelwe kumakhowe e-shiitake eJapane, e-USA, e-China nakwamanye amazwe, izimonyo ezifashini nezisebenza kahle kakhulu ziyadalwa kulezi zinsuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalungiselelo asebenzisa i-fungal mycelium extract asetshenziswa ngempumelelo njenge-ancillary ekwelapheni izifo eziyingozi. Kunoma yikuphi, i-shiitake iqukethe ama-antioxidants aqinile avikela umzimba ekuthuthukiseni izimila - ngakho ezinsukwini zethu ezikude ne-ecology ekahle, lokhu kuwukuvimbela okuhle.
Ngokuvamile kuthiwa “umuthi obabayo uwusizo.” Kodwa indaba yamakhowe e-shiitake iyinto ejabulisayo kulo mthetho. Lawa makhowe asevele aziwa emhlabeni wonke, athandwa ngabaningi; nge-shiitake, izindlela zokupheka eziningi ezintsha ziyavela - inzuzo yokulungiswa kwabo ilula futhi iyashesha, futhi ukunambitheka kucebile, "ihlathi". Ikhowe lithengiswa ngendlela eyomisiwe, eluhlaza futhi efakwe emanzini anosawoti. Akumangalisi ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-shiitake kuhamba kahle, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21 kwakungamathani angama-800 ngonyaka.
Kunombono owodwa othakazelisayo ekukhuleni kwe-shiitake - ikhula ngokushesha ku-sawdust, futhi lena yindlela elula nenenzuzo kakhulu yokukhiqiza ezohwebo (ngobuningi). Amakhowe asendle, noma lawo akhule ngokhuni oluphelele (ezingodweni ezilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile) awusizo kakhulu, lokhu akusekho ukudla, kodwa umuthi. Isivuno sokuqala samakhowe anjalo singavunwa kuphela ngemva konyaka, kanti i-shiitake "sawdust" - ngenyanga! Izindawo zokudlela emhlabeni wonke zisebenzisa uhlobo lokuqala lwamakhowe (kusuka ku-sawdust) - amnandi futhi amakhulu. Futhi uhlobo lwesibili lubiza kakhulu, futhi luza ikakhulukazi ekhemisi lekhemisi. Ziyi-polysaccharide ezuzisa kakhulu, okuthi, njengoba isungulwe isayensi yaseJapane, isiza ukulwa nomdlavuza nezinye izifo ezimbi. Amakhowe webanga lokuqala elifanayo, akhule ku-sawdust, nawo aqukethe, kodwa ngemithamo emincane, ngakho-ke lokhu kungukudla okumnandi nokunempilo esikhundleni sokuvimbela izifo kanye nokukhuthazwa kwezempilo jikelele.
"Ukudla" i-shiitake yenza kancane kancane, ngobumnene. Idatha enjalo yatholwa phakathi nocwaningo olukhethekile ngo-1969 udokotela waseJapane othuthukile, uDkt Tetsuro Ikekawa wasePurdue University, eTokyo (lesi sikhungo esingaziwa eJapane sidumile ngoba sigxile ngokukhethekile ekutadisheni izidakamizwa zamathumba amabi). Udokotela waphinde wathola ukuthi i-shiitake decoction (isobho) ewusizo kakhulu, hhayi ezinye izinhlobo zokudla umkhiqizo. Lokhu kubuye kuqinisekiswe ngokomlando - umbusi kanye nezicukuthwane zondliwa futhi zaphuziswa enkathini edlule ngama-decoctions amakhowe e-shiitake. U-Ikekawa waduma ngokutholakala kwakhe emhlabeni wonke - nakuba kufanele kubizwe ngokuthi "ukuthola kabusha", ngoba ngokusho kwezazi-mlando zaseShayina, emuva ekhulwini le-14, udokotela waseShayina uRu Wui wafakaza ukuthi i-shiitake yayisebenza ngempumelelo ekwelapheni izimila (imiqulu. namarekhodi akhe agcinwe ku-Imperial Archives eChina). Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenzeka, ukutholakala kuwusizo futhi kunokwethenjelwa, futhi namuhla izingcaphuno ze-shiitake ziqashelwa ngokusemthethweni njengokwelashwa komdlavuza hhayi eJapane naseChina kuphela, kodwa naseNdiya, eSingapore, eVietnam naseNingizimu Korea. Kuyacaca ukuthi uma ungenawo umdlavuza noma ukungabi namandla (futhi ubonga uNkulunkulu), khona-ke ukudla le mushroom enempilo ngeke futhi kube yingozi, kodwa kuwusizo kakhulu - ngoba. I-Shiitake ayenzi ngobudlova kunoma yisiphi isifo, kodwa inenzuzo kuwo wonke umzimba, ngokuyinhloko iqinisa amasosha omzimba ewonke.
Amakhowe e-Shiitake awawona nje umuthi, kodwa futhi anomsoco kakhulu - aqukethe amavithamini (A, D, C, neqembu B), ukulandelela izakhi (i-sodium, i-potassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, i-zinc, insimbi, i-selenium, njll.), kanye nenani lama-amino acid, okuhlanganisa abalulekile, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho ama-fatty acids nama-polysaccharides (kuhlanganise nedume kakhulu). Ama-polysaccharides anomphumela onenzuzo kumasosha omzimba.
Kodwa izindaba ezinhle eziyinhloko kwabadla imifino ukuthi lawa makhowe anomsoco futhi anempilo amnandi ngempela, ayashesha ukulungiselela, futhi ungenza amathani okupheka ngawo!
KUPHEKWA KANJANI?
I-Shiitake iwumkhiqizo “ophakeme,” izitsha ezingatholakala kuzo ezindaweni zokudlela ezibizayo. Kodwa futhi ingasetshenziswa ekhishini elivamile: ukupheka i-shiitake kulula!
Izigqoko zidliwa kakhulu, ngoba. imilenze iqinile. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile, izigqoko ze-shiitake ezithengiswayo, kuhlanganise nezomisiwe. Izigqoko zisetshenziselwa ukwenza (ngaphandle kwesobho lamakhowe elisobala) amasoso, ama-smoothies, amaswidi (!), kanye neyogathi.
Amakhowe omisiwe kufanele abiliswe kuqala (imizuzu engu-3-4), bese, uma uthanda, ungathosa kancane, ukuze amanzi ahwamuke ngokuphelele. Ukunambitha lapho ugazinga, kuhle ukwengeza izinongo, ama-walnuts, ama-alimondi. Kusukela ku-shiitake, kulula ukufeza ukubukeka kokunambitheka "kwenyama", okuzokhanga "abaguqukayo abasha" hhayi i-ideological, kodwa imifino yokudla.
IZIMPAHLA
Amakhowe e-Shiitake awakwazi ukuba nobuthi, kodwa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile (umthamo omkhulu wansuku zonke wamakhowe omisiwe u-16-20 g noma u-160-200 g wamakhowe amasha) akusizi futhi kungabangela ukugayeka kokudla, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12 ubudala. Akunconywa futhi ukusebenzisa i-shiitake kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo, ngoba. empeleni iwumuthi wokwelapha, onamandla, futhi umphumela wawo ku-fetus awukakahlolisiswa ngokwanele.
Nge-asthma ye-bronchial, i-shiitake nayo ayiboniswa.