I-Scutellinia (Scutellinia) isithombe nencazelo

I-Scutellinia (Scutellinia)

• Ciliaria Yini.
• U-Humariella J. Schröt.
• I-Melastiziella Svrcek
• I-Stereolachnea Hohn.
• I-Trichaleurina Rehm
• I-Trichaleuris Clem.
• Ciliaria Yini. ex Boud.

I-Scutellinia uhlobo lwesikhunta emndenini we-Pyronemataceae, ngokulandelana kwe-Pezizales. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinhlobo ku-genus, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-60 zichazwe ngokuningiliziwe, sezizonke, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, ezingaba ngu-200 zilindeleke.

I-taxton Scutellinia yasungulwa ngo-1887 nguJean Baptiste Émile Lambotte, owaphakamisa i-subgenus Peziza subgen., eyaba khona kusukela ngo-1879, yafinyelela ezingeni lohlobo.

Amakhowe anemizimba emincane enezithelo ngendlela yezinkomishi ezincane noma amasoso, angaba yi-concave noma flat, embozwe izinwele ezinhle emaceleni. Zimila enhlabathini, emadwaleni omswakama, izinkuni kanye namanye ama-substrates aphilayo. Indawo engaphakathi ye-fruiting (ene-hymenophore) ingaba mhlophe, i-orange noma i-shades ehlukahlukene ebomvu, yangaphandle, eyinyumba - umbala ofanayo noma onsundu, embozwe nge-bristle encane. I-Setae brown ukuya komnyama, oqinile, ocijile.

Umzimba othela izithelo uyanyakaza, ngokuvamile awunasiqu (“nengxenye yezimpande”).

Izinhlamvu ziyi-hyaline, i-spherical, i-ellipsoid noma i-spindle-shape enamaconsi amaningi. Ingaphezulu lezinhlamvu lihlotshiswe kahle, limbozwe ngama-warts noma ama-spines anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.

Izinhlobo zifana kakhulu ku-morphology, ukuhlonza uhlobo oluthile lwezinhlobo kungenzeka kuphela ngesisekelo semininingwane emincane yesakhiwo.

Ukuhleleka kwe-Scutellinia akuxoxwa ngakho ngokungathí sina, nakuba kunezinkomba ezincwadini zokuthi zingadliwa ezinye izinhlobo “ezinkulu”: amakhowe mancane kakhulu ukuthi angacatshangelwa ngokombono we-gastronomic. Nokho, akukho lapho kukhulunywa khona ngobuthi bazo.

Uhlobo lomvini - Scutellinia scutellata (L.) Lambotte

• I-Scutellinia saucer
• I-Scutellinia yegilo
• Peziza scutellata L., 1753
• I-Helvesla ciliata Scop., 1772
• Elvela ciliata Scop., 1772
• Peziza ciliata (Scop.) Hoffm., 1790
• Peziza scutellata Schumach., 1803
• Peziza aurantiaca Vent., 1812
• U-Humaria scutellata (L.) Fuckel, ngo-1870
• I-Lachnea scutellata (L.) Sacc., 1879
• U-Humariella scutellata (L.) J. Schröt., 1893
• Patella scutellata (L.) Morgan, 1902

Lolu hlobo lwe-Scutellinia lungenye yezinkulu kakhulu, lubhekwa njengoluvame kakhulu futhi lufundwa kakhulu. Eqinisweni, kungenzeka ukuthi ezinye ze-Scutellinia ezihlonzwe njenge-Scutellinia saucer zingabamele ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, njengoba ukuhlonza kwenziwa ngezici ezinkulu.

Umzimba wesithelo I-S. scutellata iyidiski engajulile, ngokuvamile i-0,2 kuya ku-1 cm (ubukhulu obungu-1,5 cm) ububanzi. Izibonelo ezincane kunazo zonke cishe ziyindilinga ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokukhula, izinkomishi zivuleka futhi zanda, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa ziphenduka "isaucer", idiski.

Ingxenye engaphakathi yenkomishi (indawo evundile yespore eyaziwa ngokuthi i-hymenium) ibushelelezi, ibomvu ukuya kokuwolintshi ngokugqamile noma okubomvu okusawolintshi ngokugqamile kuya kunsundu ngokubomvu, kanti indawo yangaphandle (eyinyumba) inombala onsundu ngokuphaphathekile, onsundu, noma osawolintshi ophaphathekile.

Ingaphandle limbozwe izinwele ezimnyama eziqinile, izinwele ezinde kakhulu zikhula emaphethelweni omzimba othelayo, lapho zifinyelela ku-1,5 mm ubude. Phansi, lezi zinwele zifika ku-40 µm ubukhulu futhi zinciphile kuma-apices acijile. Izinwele zakha isici esithi "eyelashes" emaphethelweni e-calyx. Lezi cilia zibonakala ngisho nangeso lenyama noma zibonakala ngokucacile ngengilazi yokukhulisa.

Leg: akekho, S. scutellata - "ehlezi" egoba.

Umtfumbu: amakhowe amhlophe kumakhowe amancane, bese ebomvu noma ebomvu, mncane futhi ekhululekile, ethambile, enamanzi.

Iphunga futhi unambitha: ngaphandle kwezici. Eminye imithombo yezincwadi ibonisa ukuthi i-pulp iphunga njenge-violet uma ixutshwa.

I-Microscopy

Izinhlamvu (ezibonakala kakhulu ku-lactophenol nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kakotini) ziyi-elliptical 17–23 x 10,5–14 µm, zibushelelezi, kuyilapho zingavuthiwe, futhi zihlala zinjalo isikhathi eside, kodwa lapho sezivuthiwe, zigqitshwa ngokuphawulekayo ngezinsumpa nezimbambo ezifinyelela ukuphakama cishe. 1µm; namaconsi ambalwa amafutha.

Ama-paraphyses anamathiphu avuvukele ama-microns angu-6-10 ngosayizi.

Izinwele eziseceleni (“izinkophe”) 360-1600 x 20-50 microns, nsundu ngo-KOH, ezinodonga oluwugqinsi, ezinezendlalelo eziningi, ezinezisekelo ezinamagatsha.

Itholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica ne-Afrika, kanye naseziqhingini eziningi. EYurophu, umngcele osenyakatho wobubanzi udlulela ogwini olusenyakatho ye-Iceland kanye nama-latitudes angu-69 eNhlonhlo YaseScandinavia.

Ikhula emahlathini ezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, ezindaweni ezihlotshisiwe nasezindaweni ezilula kakhulu, ikhetha izinkuni ezibolile, kodwa ingavela kunoma iyiphi imfucumfucu yezitshalo noma enhlabathini emanzi eduze neziphunzi ezibolile.

Isikhathi sokuthela se-S.scutellata sisuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla. EYurophu - kusukela ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile, eNyakatho Melika - ebusika nasentwasahlobo.

Bonke abameleli bohlobo lwe-Scutellinia (Scutellinia) bafana kakhulu komunye nomunye.

Lapho ehlolisisa, umuntu angakwazi ukuhlukanisa i-Scutellinia setosa: incane, umbala uphuzi kakhulu, imizimba yezithelo ikhula ikakhulukazi ku-substrate enokhuni emaqenjini amakhulu, aminyene kakhulu.

Imizimba yezithelo emise okwenkomishi, emise okwesoso noma emise okwediski ngobudala, emincane: 1 – 3, kufika ku-5 mm ububanzi, ephuzi-owolintshi, ewolintshi, ebomvu-owolintshi, enezinwele ezimnyama “(setae) ezimnyama. umphetho wendebe.

Ikhula ngamaqoqo amakhulu okhunini olumanzi, olubolayo.

Izinhlamvu: Bushelelezi, i-ellipsoid, 11–13 by 20–22 µm, equkethe amaconsi kawoyela amaningi. I-asci (amaseli aphethe i-spore) anomumo ocishe ube yi-cylindrical, ukulinganisa kuka-300–325 µm ngo-12–15 µm.

Ichazwe ekuqaleni e-Europe, itholakala naseNyakatho naseMelika Ephakathi lapho ikhula khona phezu kwezinkuni ezibolile zezihlahla ezivuthulukayo. Imithombo yaseNyakatho Melika ivame ukunikeza igama layo ngokuthi "i-Scutellinia erinaceus, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Scutellinia setosa".

Izithelo: Ehlobo nasekwindla, kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba noma ngoNovemba esimweni sezulu esishisayo.

Isitsha sethunzi. Lolu uhlobo oluvamile lwase-Europe, lwakha amaqoqo ama-disc awolintshi afinyelela ku-1,5 cm ububanzi ehlobo nasekwindla emhlabathini noma ezikhunini ezibolile. Ifana kakhulu nama-congeners afana ne-Scutellinia olivascens futhi ingakhonjwa ngokuthembekile kuphela ngezici ezincane kakhulu.

Ngokwesilinganiso, i-S.umbrorum inomzimba othela izithelo omkhulu kune-S.scutellata kanye nezinhlamvu ezinkulu, ezinezinwele ezimfushane nezingabonakali kancane.

I-Scutellinia olivascens. Lesi sikhunta saseYurophu sakha amaqoqo amadiski awolintshi afinyelela ku-1,5 cm ububanzi enhlabathini noma okhunini olubolayo ehlobo nasekwindla. Ifana kakhulu nezinhlobo ezivamile ze-Scutellinia umbrorum futhi ingabonakala kuphela ngokuthembekile ngezici ezincane kakhulu.

Lolu hlobo lwachazwa ngo-1876 nguMordekai Cooke njenge-Peziza olivascens, kodwa u-Otto Kuntze walidlulisela kuhlobo lwe-Scutellinia ngo-1891.

I-Scutellinia subhirtella. Ngo-1971, isazi se-mycologist saseCzech uMirko Svrček sayihlukanisa nezibonelo ezaziqoqwe endaweni eyayiyiCzechoslovakia. Imizimba yezithelo yesikhunta inombala ophuzi-obomvu kuya obomvu, amancane, ububanzi obuyi-2-5 mm. Izinhlamvu ziyi-hyaline (translucent), ellipsoid, 18–22 by 12–14 µm ngosayizi.

Isithombe: Alexander, mushroomexpert.com.