Okuqukethwe
Umndeni wakwaRyadovkov unezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo. Uma unolwazi oludingekayo lokuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezidliwayo nezinoshevu, uzokwazi ukuvuna isivuno esihle ehlathini. Izinhlobo ezidliwayo zemizimba yezithelo zingadliwa zisanda, noma zomisiwe noma ziqandiswe ebusika. Imigqa yenza ukudla okulula okuhle kakhulu namalungiselelo, amakhowe afakwe emanzini anosawoti kanye nosawoti aziswa kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwemigqa edliwayo futhi ehlwabusayo kunezinhlobo ezinobuthi ezingaholela ekudleni ukudla futhi zibangele ukulimala okukhulu empilweni. Omunye walaba bameleli umugqa okhonjiwe noma umugqa wegundane. Mayelana nalokhu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umkhiqizi wamakhowe ngamunye alandele imithetho yokukha amakhowe, futhi afunde ngokucophelela ukuthi angahlukanisa kanjani umugqa wegundane kweminye imigqa edliwayo.
Abalandeli "bokuzingela okuthulile" baqinisekisa ukuthi eminye imigqa, ebhekwa njengobuthi kwamanye amazwe, ezweni lakithi idliwa ngokwemibandela, engadliwa. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusebenzi kumugqa okhombe onobuthi. Ngezansi kunesithombe somugqa oqondile, esibonisa ngokucacile ukuthi leli khowa libukeka kanjani futhi likhula kanjani.
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Ngokuvamile umugqa okhonjiwe (Tricholoma virgatum) ebizwa nangokuthi umugqa wegundane, umugqa ovuthayo-obukhali noma onemigqa. Lawa magama anikeza imibono hhayi kuphela ngokubukeka, kodwa futhi mayelana nephunga nokunambitha. Kwezinye izincwadi zokubhekisela, kuboniswa njengekhowe elingenakudliwa elinokunambitheka okubabayo okunamandla okungashabalali ngisho nangemva kokucwiliswa nokubilisa isikhathi eside.
Ukwakha i-mycorrhiza, umugqa wegundane ukhetha izinhlobo zezihlahla ezifana nephayini, i-spruce, larch. Mhlawumbe yingakho lezi zinhlobo ezinobuthi zingatholakala emahlathini e-coniferous futhi axubekile ezindaweni ezipholile zezulu hhayi kuphela Ezweni Lethu, kodwa naseYurophu, kanye naseNyakatho Melika. Umugqa ukhula ngamaqembu noma imigqa enhlabathini emanzi, ene-asidi. Fruiting kwenzeka cishe yonke ekwindla, kuze kube isithwathwa sokuqala.
Nazi izithombe zomugqa onemigqa ukuze zibuyekezwe:
Njengoba ubona, leli khowe lifana nomugqa ompunga odliwayo. Isikhathi esisebenzayo se-fruiting yazo zombili izinhlobo senzeka kanyekanye. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ungabaphambanisi futhi uhlukanise kahle phakathi kwabo, udinga ukwazi izici eziyinhloko zokubukeka kommeleli ngamunye.
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Umugqa ukhonjiwe ((Tricholoma virgatum): incazelo nokusabalalisa
Siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayeze ngencazelo nesithombe sekhowe eliwumugqa okhonjiwe, ukuze ube nethuba lokuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezinobuthi emugqeni ompunga odliwayo.
Igama lesi Latin: I-Tricholoma virgatum.
Umndeni: Okuvamile (i-Tricholomataceae).
omqondofana: umugqa wegundane, umugqa onemigqa.
umugqa: ububanzi buhluka kusuka ku-4 cm kuya ku-8 cm, ngezinye izikhathi buyi-10 cm. Isithombe sekhowa lomugqa wegundane sibonisa ukuthi umumo wekepisi uyinsimbi ekhonkolo. Lapho isikhulile, iba yi-hump-convex. Umbala umpunga womlotha, umnyama kakhulu engxenyeni emaphakathi, unekhoni phakathi futhi unemiphetho enemigqa.
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Umlenze: ububanzi kusuka ku-0,5 kuya ku-2, ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-2,5 cm. Umlenze womugqa onemigqa noma ocijile unobude obungu-5 kuya ku-8 cm. Umumo uyi-cylindrical, ujiyile kancane esisekelweni. Umbala umhlophe noma umpunga, unemigqa yobude ebonakala ngokucacile.
I-Pulp: esemncane, ethambile enombala ompunga omhlophe. Khona-ke iba mhlophe, ithola ukunambitheka okubabayo kanye nephunga elimnandi lefulawa.
Amarekhodi: ububanzi, njalo, i-notched ejulile, ukunamathela esihlangeni ngezinyo. Zimhlophe noma zimpunga ngombala, ziba mpunga lapho sezikhulile. I-spore powder emhlophe enezinhlamvu ezibanzi neziyi-oblong.
Isicelo: ushevu ocijile awusetshenziswa ekuphekeni ngenxa yokubaba kwawo namakhemikhali ayingozi emzimbeni womuntu.
Spread: ikhula ezindaweni ezifanayo nomugqa ompunga odliwayo - amahlathi anezihlahla ezimanzi nama-coniferous. Isikhathi sokuvuna siqala ngoSepthemba futhi siphela ngesithwathwa sokuqala.
Ukufana nokuhluka: umugqa oqondile ufihliwe njengekhowe elidliwayo - umugqa ompunga, noma ompunga.
Umehluko phakathi komugqa ompunga nomugqa wegundane (enesithombe)
Ngokusho kwezithombe ezingenhla, amakhowe omugqa ompunga ahluke kumakhowe egundane hhayi nje ngokubukeka, kodwa futhi nangokunambitheka kanye nephunga. Umugqa ompunga ungokwesigaba 4 futhi uyikhowe elidliwayo. Inombala ompunga omnyama wekepisi kanye ne-pulp yomthunzi ofanayo kanye nokunambitha okuncane kwe-mealy. Izibonelo ezindala ziba zibolile futhi azibukeki kahle.
Ngemva kokubuyekeza kulesi sihloko incazelo nesithombe segundane noma umugqa okhonjiwe, ungaya ehlathini ukuze uthole amakhowe. Nokho, nakuba enolwazi, umuntu kumelwe aqikelele ekuvuneni amakhowe ukuze angalethi la makhowe anobuthi ekhaya.
Uma, noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokungabi nalwazi, ulungiselele umugqa oqondile futhi wazama, yiziphi izimpawu eziqala ukuvela? Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ubuthi balolu hlobo alubangeli nje ubuthi besimiso sokugaya ukudla, kodwa futhi buthinta nezinye izitho. Uma unganikezi usizo kulowo ohlukunyeziwe ngesikhathi, izinto ezingenakulungiswa zingenzeka.
Cishe ngemva kwemizuzu engama-40, noma mhlawumbe amahora angu-2-5 ngemva kokusetshenziswa (kuye ngokuthi inani lemigqa ekhonjiwe edliwe), izimpawu zokuqala zobuthi ziqala: isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi kanye nokuphazanyiswa kwesimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. . Ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala, kuyaphuthuma ukubiza i-ambulensi, futhi okwamanje, hlambulula isisu.