Minyaka yonke, i-American nonprofit Environmental Working Group (EWG) ishicilela uhlu lwezithelo nemifino ezigcwele izibulala-zinambuzane nezihlanzeke kakhulu. Leli qembu ligxile ocwaningweni nasekusabalaliseni ulwazi ngamakhemikhali anobuthi, uxhaso lwezolimo, izindawo zomphakathi kanye nokubika kwezinkampani. Umgomo we-EWG ukwazisa abantu ukuvikela impilo yomphakathi kanye nemvelo.
Eminyakeni engu-25 edlule, i-National Academy of Sciences yanyathelisa umbiko ozwakalisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuchayeka kwezingane ezibulala-zinambuzane ezinobuthi ngokudla kwazo, kodwa inani labantu emhlabeni lisadla inqwaba yezibulala-zinambuzane nsuku zonke. Nakuba imifino nezithelo kuyizici ezibalulekile zokudla okunempilo, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izibulala-zinambuzane kulokhu kudla zingabeka ingozi empilweni yomuntu.
13 Ukudla Okungcolile
Uhlu luhlanganisa imikhiqizo elandelayo, ehlelwe ngokwehla yenani lezibulala-zinambuzane: ama-strawberry, isipinashi, ama-nectarine, ama-apula, amagilebhisi, amapentshisi, amakhowe e-oyster, amapheya, utamatisi, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, amazambane nopelepele obomvu oshisayo.
Ngayinye yalokhu kudla ihlolwe ukuthi inezinhlayiya eziningana ezihlukene zezibulala-zinambuzane futhi iqukethe ukugcwala okuphezulu kwezibulala-zinambuzane kunokunye ukudla.
Ngaphezu kwama-98% ama-strawberries, isipinashi, amapentshisi, ama-nectarine, ama-cherries nama-apula atholakala equkethe izinsalela okungenani zesibulala-zinambuzane esisodwa.
Isampula elilodwa lama-strawberry libonise ubukhona Izibulala-zinambuzane ezihlukene ezingama-20.
Amasampula wesipinashi enza isilinganiso esiphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1,8 senani lezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izitshalo.
Ngokwesiko, uhlu lwe-Dirty Dozen luqukethe imikhiqizo engu-12, kodwa kulo nyaka kunqunywe ukunwetshwa ku-13 futhi kufakwe upelepele obomvu obomvu. Kwatholakala ukuthi kungcoliswe izibulala-zinambuzane (amalungiselelo amakhemikhali okubulala izinambuzane eziyingozi) ezinobuthi ohlelweni lwezinzwa lomuntu. Ukuhlolwa kwe-USDA kwamasampula angama-739 kapelepele oshisayo ngo-2010 nango-2011 kwathola izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane ezintathu ezinobuthi obukhulu, i-acephalate, i-chlorpyrifos, ne-oxamil. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcwala kwezinto kwakuphakeme ngokwanele ukubanga ukukhathazeka kwemizwa. Ngo-2015, kwatholakala ukuthi izinsalela zalezi zibulala-zinambuzane zisengatholakala esitshalweni.
I-EWG incoma ukuthi abantu abavame ukudla upelepele oshisayo kufanele bakhethe i-organic. Uma zingatholakali noma zibiza kakhulu, zibiliswa kangcono noma zicutshungulwe ngokushisa izikhotha njengoba amazinga ezibulala-zinambuzane ehla ngokupheka.
15 ukudla okuhlanzekile
Uhlu luqukethe imikhiqizo okutholwe ukuthi iqukethe izibulala-zinambuzane ezimbalwa. Kuhlanganisa ukwatapheya, ummbila omnandi, uphayinaphu, iklabishi, u-anyanisi, uphizi oqandisiwe oluhlaza, upopo, isilimo esinengono esinephunga elimnandi, umango, isitshalo seqanda, ikhabe loju, ikiwi, ikhabe lecantaloupe, ukholifulawa kanye nebroccoli. Ukugxila okuphansi kwezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane kutholwe kule mikhiqizo.
Okuhlanzeke kunawo wonke kwakungokotapheya nommbila oswiti. Ngaphansi kwe-1% yamasampuli abonise ukuba khona kwanoma yiziphi izibulala-zinambuzane.
Ngaphezu kuka-80% wamaphayinaphu, ama-papaya, i-asparagus, u-anyanisi namaklabishi ayengenazo nhlobo izibulala-zinambuzane.
Awekho amasampula omkhiqizo ohlwini aqukethe izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane ezingaphezu kwezi-4.
Amaphesenti angu-5 kuphela amasampula ohlwini abe nezibulala-zinambuzane ezimbili noma ngaphezulu.
Iyini ingozi yezibulala-zinambuzane?
Kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule, izibulala-zinambuzane ezinobuthi eziningi ziye zahoxiswa ekusetshenzisweni okuningi kwezolimo futhi zavinjelwa emakhaya. Ezinye, njengezibulala-zinambuzane ze-organophosphate, zisasetshenziswa kwezinye izitshalo.
Ucwaningo lwesikhathi eside oluningana lwezingane zaseMelika, olwaqala ngawo-1990, lwabonisa ukuthi ukuchayeka ezinambuzaneni ze-organophosphate ezinganeni kubangela ukulimala okuhlala njalo ebuchosheni nasesimisweni sezinzwa.
Phakathi kuka-2014 no-2017, ososayensi ku-Environmental Protection Agency babuyekeze idatha ebonisa ukuthi izibulala-zinambuzane ze-organophosphate zithinta ubuchopho nokuziphatha kwezingane. Baphetha ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwesibulala-zinambuzane esisodwa (i-chlorpyrifos) kwakungaphephile neze futhi kufanele kuvinjelwe. Kodwa-ke, umlawuli omusha we-Ejensi wasusa ukuvinjelwa okwakuhleliwe futhi wamemezela ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kwezidakamizwa ngeke kuqedwe kuze kube ngu-2022.
Iqembu locwaningo lwakamuva liphakamisa ukuxhumana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezithelo nemifino nezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane eziphakeme kanye nezinkinga zokuzala. Ucwaningo lwaseHarvard lwathola ukuthi abesilisa nabesifazane ababike ukuthi badla kakhulu ukudla okunezibulala-zinambuzane babe nezinkinga zokuba nezingane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izithelo nemifino embalwa enezibulala-zinambuzane ayizange ibe nemiphumela emibi.
Kuthatha iminyaka eminingi nezinsiza ezibanzi ukwenza ucwaningo oluzohlola imiphumela yezibulala-zinambuzane ekudleni nempilo yabantu. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi eside lwezibulala-zinambuzane ze-organophosphate ebuchosheni nokuziphatha kwezingane seluthathe iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi.
Indlela Yokugwema Izibulala-zinambuzane
Hhayi nje ngoba abanye abantu bakhetha imikhiqizo ye-organic. Ucwaningo lwango-2015 olwenziwa abacwaningi eNyuvesi yaseWashington bathola ukuthi abantu abathenga izithelo nemifino ephilayo banamanani aphansi ezinambuzane ezibulala izinambuzane ze-organophosphate emasampulini abo omchamo.
E-Russia, kungekudala kungase kube nomthetho olawula imisebenzi yabakhiqizi bemikhiqizo ye-organic. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, kwakungekho mthetho owodwa olawula le mboni, ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga imikhiqizo "yezinto eziphilayo", umthengi akakwazi ukuqiniseka ngo-100% ukuthi umenzi akazange asebenzise izibulala-zinambuzane. Siyethemba ukuthi umthethosivivinywa uzoqala ukusebenza maduze nje.
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