I-pectus excavatum yaziwa nangokuthi "isifuba sefaneli" noma "isifuba esingenalutho". Kungukuguqulwa kwethorax ebonakala ngokucindezeleka okungaphezulu noma okuncane kakhulu kwe-sternum. I-Pectus excavatum ivame kakhulu emadodeni kunakwabesifazane, futhi ngokuvamile ivela ngesikhathi sokuthomba. Izinketho zokwelashwa eziningana zingacatshangelwa.

Incazelo ye-pectus excavatum

I-pectus excavatum imelela ngokwesilinganiso i-70% yezimo zokukhubazeka kwe-thorax. Le deformation ibonakala ngokucindezeleka okukhulu noma okuncane kodonga lwangaphambili lwesifuba. Ingxenye engezansi ye-sternum, ithambo eliyisicaba eliphambi kwethorax, lishona ngaphakathi. Ngolimi oluvamile, sikhuluma "ngesifuba sefaneli" noma "isifuba esingenalutho". Lokhu kuguqulwa kwakha ukungaphatheki kahle kobuhle kodwa futhi kuveza ingozi yokuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo nokuphefumula.

Izimbangela zebele elimbiwe

Umsuka walokhu kuguquka awukaziwa ngokugcwele. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lusikisela ukuthi kuwumphumela wendlela eyinkimbinkimbi. Nokho, imbangela evame ukwamukelwa yileso sokukhubazeka kokukhula koqwanga namathambo ezimbambo.

I-genetic predisposition ingachaza ezinye izimo. Umlando womndeni utholakale ngempela kuma-25% ezimo ze-pectus excavatum.

I-DIAGNOSTIC yebele elimbiwe

Ngokuvamile kusekelwe ekuhlolweni komzimba kanye nokuhlolwa kwezithombe zezokwelapha. I-MRI (i-magnetic resonance imaging) noma i-CT scan ngokuvamile yenziwa ukukala inkomba ka-Haller. Lena inkomba yokuhlola ubukhali be-pectus excavatum. Inani layo elimaphakathi lizungeze u-2,5. Uma inkomba iphakeme, i-pectus excavatum ibhekwa njengenzima kakhulu. Inkomba ye-Haller ivumela ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuthi baqondise ekukhetheni ukwelashwa.

Ukuhlola ubungozi bezinkinga, odokotela bangacela nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Isibonelo, i-EKG ingenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo.

Abantu abathintwe yi-pectus excavatum

I-Pectus excavatum ingavela kusukela ekuzalweni noma ebuntwaneni. Noma kunjalo, ivame ukubonwa phakathi nesigaba sokukhula phakathi kweminyaka eyi-12 neminyaka eyi-15. I-deformation iyanda njengoba ithambo likhula.

Izehlakalo emhlabeni wonke ze-pectus excavatum ziphakathi kwezigameko ezingu-6 neziyi-12 nge-1000 ngayinye. Lokhu kukhubazeka kuthinta cishe ukuzalwa okukodwa kwabangama-400 futhi kuthinta ngokukhethekile ubulili besilisa ngesilinganiso sabafana aba-5 abathintekayo entombazaneni eyodwa.

Ukungakhululeki kobuhle

Labo abathintekile bavame ukukhononda ngokungakhululeki kobuhle okubangelwa i-pectus excavatum. Lokhu kungaba nomthelela ongokwengqondo.

Izinkinga ze-Cardio-respiratory

Ukukhubazeka kwesifuba kungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwemisipha yenhliziyo nohlelo lokuphefumula. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Cardio-respiratory kungabonakala ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• i-dyspnea, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula;
• ukulahlekelwa amandla;
• ukukhathala;
• isiyezi;
• ubuhlungu besifuba;
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo;
• tachycardia noma arrhythmia;
• izifo zokuphefumula.

Ukukhethwa kokwelashwa kuncike ekuqineni nasekuphatheni kabi okubangelwa i-pectus excavatum.

Ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa ukwelapha i-pectus excavatum. Ingasebenzisa izindlela ezimbili:

• ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile, noma i-sterno-chondroplasty, ehlanganisa ukusika okungaba ngu-20 cm ukunciphisa ubude be-cartilages engalungile bese ukubekwa kwebha ebusweni bangaphambili besifuba;
• ukuhlinzwa ngokusho kuka-Nuss okuhlanganisa ama-cm angu-3 ngaphansi kwamakhwapha ukuze kwethule ibha ye-convex ukuzungeza kwayo kuvumela ukuthi i-sternum iphakame.

Ukusebenza ngokukaNuss akunzima kakhulu kunokusebenza okuvulekile kodwa kwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kuphela. Kucatshangelwa lapho ukucindezeleka kwe-sternum kulinganiselwe futhi ku-symmetrical, futhi lapho ukuqina kodonga lwesifuba kuvumela.

Njengenye indlela noma ngaphezu kokulungiswa kokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa kwensimbi ye-vacuum kunganikezwa. Lena insimbi yokumunca i-silicone enciphisa kancane kancane ukukhubazeka kwesifuba.

Kuze kube manje, azikho izinyathelo zokuvimbela esezibekiwe. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka nokuqonda kangcono imbangela (s) ye-pectus excavatum.