I-Osteotomy ukuhlinzwa okulungisa ukukhubazeka kwamathambo namalunga, ikakhulukazi edolweni, ezinqulwini noma emhlathini.

I-osteotomy (kusuka kwelesiGreek oste: bone; kanye ne-tomê: cut) inqubo yokuhlinzwa ehlanganisa ukusika ithambo ukuze kulungiswe i-eksisi yalo, usayizi noma umumo. Lolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa ngokuvamile lwenziwa ngezinjongo zokubuyisela esimweni lapho kwenzeka isifo esingalungile noma isifo esiwohlokayo, njenge-osteoarthritis yamadolo noma i-hip, isibonelo. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa kungase futhi kube nenjongo yobuhle, njengesibonelo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-chin noma i-rhinoplasty (umsebenzi wokushintsha ukuma nokwakheka kwekhala).

I-Osteotomy yenziwa ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• ukukhubazeka kwamalunga edolo, njengemilenze ebheke ngaphandle (i-genu varum) noma imilenze egobe ngaphakathi noma ithi “ku-X” (i-valgum yohlobo);
• i-hip dysplasia (noma i-hip dislocation), ukuzalwa noma ukukhubazeka okutholiwe kokuhlangene kwe-hip;
• i-osteoarthritis yamadolo noma i-hip ukuze kubambezeleke ukufakwa kwe-prosthesis ezigulini ezincane;
• ukukhubazeka komgogodla okuholela emhlane ogobile noma "ogobile" (kyphosis) noma njengendlela yokwelapha yokugcina ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ze-scoliosis ("S" ukukhubazeka komgogodla);
• ukungahambi kahle komhlathi ongezansi (mandible) noma umhlathi ongaphezulu (i-maxilla) ovimbela ukuqondanisa okujwayelekile kwamazinyo;
• i-bunion (noma i-hallux valgus) ukuchezuka kozwane olukhulu luye kwezinye izinzwane kanye nokubonakala kweqhubu elibheke ngaphandle kwelunga.

Odokotela abahlinzayo bepulasitiki benza i-osteotomy ukuze bashintshe ukuma kwesilevu.

Ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, amathambo asikwa ngezinsimbi ezikhethekile. Khona-ke, iziphetho ezisikiwe ziqondiswa kabusha endaweni oyifunayo bese zibanjwa ngamapuleti, izikulufu noma izinduku zensimbi (izinzipho ze-intramedullary). Wonke umsebenzi wenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia jikelele noma ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo. Isinqumo senziwa udokotela obulala izinzwa ngokuvumelana nesiguli futhi kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwe-osteotomy eyenziwa.

Ukululama ngemva kokuhlinzwa kuncike ethanjeni elithinteke yi-osteotomy. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa okunciphisa ubuhlungu kunqunywe udokotela, kanye nokukhubazeka okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kokuhlangene okuhlosiwe (i-hip, idolo, umhlathi). Ukululama okuphelele nakho kuyahlukahluka kusuka emasontweni ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuye ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kungakanani.

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa emhlathini, ngokuvamile kuhle ukugwema ukubhema.

Njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yokuhlinzwa okwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia, i-osteotomy iveza ingozi yokungezwani nemithi yokubulala izinzwa noma yokuba nobunzima bokuphefumula.

Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lokuhlinza lubandakanya izingozi ezitholakala kunoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa. Ake sicaphune isibonelo:

• ukuthuthukiswa kokutheleleka kwe-nosocomial;
• ukulahlekelwa igazi;
• ukwakheka kwehlule legazi endaweni yokuhlinzwa (imvamisa emlenzeni ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwamadolo);
• ukulimala kwenzwa okubangela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwela noma ukuhamba kwamalunga (idolo, umhlathi);
• ubuhlungu obungapheli ngemva kokuhlinzwa;
• ukuphuka kwethambo;
• izibazi ezibonakalayo.

Okokugcina, impumelelo yomsebenzi ayiqinisekisiwe. Futhi, kunengozi yokwehluleka okungase kudinge ukuhlinzwa okwengeziwe.

Ukuhlinzwa okunzima kanye nokubulala izinzwa okuvamile ngokuvamile akunconywa kubantu abadala kakhulu noma abantu abahlushwa ezinye izifo ezifana nezinkinga zenhliziyo.