Ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela ezingezona izibulala-zinambuzane kuyindlela eqhubekayo yokulawula izinambuzane esekelwe embonweni wokuthi ukuhlasela okwenziwa uhlobo lwezinambuzane kubonisa ukuphazamiseka endaweni ethile endaweni. Ukulungisa umsuka wenkinga esikhundleni sokwelapha izimpawu kungalinganisa inani lezinambuzane futhi kuthuthukise impilo yesitshalo sisonke.
Ukushintshela ezindleleni zokulima zemvelo kwaqala njengomnyakazo omkhulu. Ngo-2000, izakhamuzi ezingaba ngu-900 zasesigodini sasePunukula, e-Andhra Pradesh, zazihlushwa izinkinga eziningi. Abalimi babike izinkinga zempilo ezisukela ekudleni ushevu kuya ekufeni. Ukuhlasela kwezinambuzane njalo kucekele phansi izitshalo. Izinambuzane zaqala ukumelana nala makhemikhali, okwaphoqa abalimi ukuba baboleke imali ukuze bathenge izibulala-zinambuzane ezibizayo. Abantu babhekane nezindleko ezinkulu zokunakekelwa kwempilo, ukwehluleka kwezitshalo, ukulahlekelwa imali engenayo kanye nezikweletu.
Ngosizo lwezinhlangano zendawo, abalimi baye bazama ezinye izindlela ezingenazo izibulala-zinambuzane, ezifana nokusebenzisa amakhambi emvelo (isib. i-neem kanye nopelepele) ukuze balawule izinambuzane kanye nokutshala izitshalo zokudoba (isib. i-marigold kanye nobhontshisi we-castor). Uma kubhekwa ukuthi izibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali zibulala zonke izinambuzane, ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela ezingezona izibulala-zinambuzane kuhloswe ngazo ukulinganisa i-ecosystem ukuze izinambuzane zibe khona ngezinombolo ezivamile (futhi zingafinyeleli emazingeni okuhlasela). Izinambuzane eziningi, njengama- ladybug, ojekamanzi nezicabucabu, zinendima ebalulekile emvelweni futhi zingazuzisa izitshalo.
Phakathi nonyaka wokusebenzisa izindlela zemvelo zokulima, izakhamuzi zabona imiphumela eminingi emihle. Izinkinga zempilo seziphelile. Amapulazi asebenzisa ezinye izindlela ezingezona izibulala-zinambuzane abe nenzuzo ephezulu nezindleko eziphansi. Ukuthola, ukugaya kanye nokuxuba imithi exosha imvelo njengembewu ye- neem kanye nopelepele nakho kudale amathuba emisebenzi amaningi endaweni. Njengoba abalimi babelima umhlabathi owengeziwe, ubuchwepheshe obufana nezifutha zikajosaka zabasiza ukuba bakhulise izitshalo zabo ngendlela ephumelelayo. Izakhamuzi zibike ukuthuthuka okuphelele kwezinga lempilo yazo, kusukela kwezempilo kuye enjabulweni nasezimalini.
Njengoba igama lisakazeka mayelana nezinzuzo zezinye izindlela ezingezona izibulala-zinambuzane, abalimi abaningi baye bakhetha ukugwema amakhemikhali. Ngo-2004 iPunukula yaba ngelinye lamadolobhana okuqala eNdiya ukumemezela ukuthi ayinazo nhlobo izibulala-zinambuzane. Ngokushesha, amanye amadolobha namadolobhana ase-Andhra Pradesh aqala ukulima nge-organic.
URajashehar Reddy waseKrishna County waba umlimi wezinto eziphilayo ngemuva kokubona izinkinga zempilo zabantu bakubo, akholelwa ukuthi zihlobene nezibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali. Ufunde amasu okulima ezinto eziphilayo ezinhlelweni zikamabonakude zezolimo zasekuseni namavidiyo e-YouTube. Njengamanje kumila izitshalo ezimbili kuphela endaweni yangakubo (upelepele nokotini), kodwa umgomo wakhe uwukuqala ukutshala imifino.
Umlimi uWutla Veerabharao ukhumbula isikhathi sangaphambi kwezibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali, lapho cishe bonke abalimi basebenzisa izindlela zokulima zemvelo. Uphawula ukuthi izinguquko zenzeka ngeminyaka yawo-1950, ngesikhathi seGreen Revolution. Ngemva kokuqaphela indlela amakhemikhali ashintsha ngayo umbala wenhlabathi, waqala ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwawo.
UVeerabharao wayekhathazeke nangokudla komkhaya wakhe kanye nemiphumela yempilo yamakhemikhali. Isifutho sokubulala izinambuzane (ngokuvamile umlimi noma isisebenzi sezolimo) sithintana ngqo namakhemikhali ahlasela isikhumba namaphaphu. Amakhemikhali awagcini nje ngokwenza umhlabathi ungavundile futhi alimaze izinambuzane nezinyoni, kodwa futhi athinta abantu futhi angaba nomthelela ezifweni ezifana nesifo sikashukela nomdlavuza, kusho uVeerabharao.
Naphezu kwalokhu, akuzona zonke izakhamuzi zangakubo ezaziqala ukulima nge-organic.
“Ngenxa yokuthi ukulima ngemvelo kuthatha isikhathi esiningi nomsebenzi, kunzima ukuthi abantu basemakhaya baqale ukunaka,” echaza.
Ngo-2012, uhulumeni wezwe wenze uhlelo lwasendaweni lokuqeqeshwa kokulima kwemvelo olungenasabelomali. Kule minyaka eyisikhombisa edlule, uVeerabharao ubenepulazi elingu-XNUMX% elitshala umoba, i-turmeric kanye nopelepele.
“I-Organic Agriculture inezimakethe zayo. Ngibeka inani lemikhiqizo yami, ngokungafani nezolimo zamakhemikhali lapho intengo ibekwa umthengi,” kusho uVeerabharao.
Kuthathe iminyaka emithathu ukuthi umlimi uNarasimha Rao aqale ukwenza inzuzo ebonakalayo epulazini lakhe lezinto eziphilayo, kodwa manje usengakwazi ukulungisa amanani futhi adayisele imikhiqizo ngokuqondile kumakhasimende kunokuthembela ezimakethe. Ukukholelwa kwakhe ezintweni eziphilayo kwamsiza ukuba adlule kulesi sikhathi esinzima sokuqala. INarasimha Organic Farm njengamanje ihlanganisa amahektha angama-90. Utshala amathanga, i-coriander, ubhontshisi, i-turmeric, isitshalo seqanda, ama-papaya, ukhukhamba, upelepele nemifino ehlukahlukene, aphinde atshale ngayo i-calendula nobhontshisi we-castor njengezitshalo zokudoba.
“Impilo iyona nto ekhathaza kakhulu ukuphila komuntu. Impilo ngaphandle kwempilo ibuhlungu,” usho kanje echaza ngokumgqugquzela.
Kusukela ngo-2004 kuya ku-2010, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kwehliswe ngo-50% ezweni lonke. Ngaleyo minyaka, ukuvunda kwenhlabathi kwaba ngcono, inani lezinambuzane labuyela emuva, abalimi bakhululeka ngokwezimali, namaholo anda.
Namuhla, zonke izifunda eziyi-13 zase-Andhra Pradesh zisebenzisa ezinye izindlela ezingezona izibulala-zinambuzane. I-Andhra Pradesh ihlela ukuba yizwe lokuqala laseNdiya nge-100% "zero budget subsistence agriculture" ngo-2027.
Emiphakathini emhlabeni jikelele, abantu baphinde baxhumane nendawo yabo yemvelo kuyilapho befuna izindlela eziqhubekayo zokuphila!