Yini ebulala izinyosi?
Ukufa “okumnandi” kulindelwe inyosi eyisisebenzi esindize yaze yafaka impova ezitshalweni ezilashwe ngezibulala-zinambuzane. Yizibulala-zinambuzane abalimi abafutha ngazo amasimu abo ezibhekwa njengembangela eyinhloko yalesi sifo esiwumshayabhuqe. Ngosizo lwemithi ehlukahlukene, abalimi bazama ukusindisa isivuno ezinambuzaneni, ezigcina zikwazi ukumelana nezifo minyaka yonke, ngakho-ke izinto ezinolaka kufanele zisetshenziswe ukulwa nazo. Kodwa-ke, ama-insecticide awabulali kuphela izinambuzane "ezingathandeki", kodwa futhi wonke umuntu olandelanayo - kuhlanganise nezinyosi. Kulokhu, amasimu acutshungulwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngonyaka. Isibonelo, i-rapeseed ifafazwa ngobuthi izikhathi ezi-4-6 ngesizini ngayinye. Ngokufanelekile, abalimi kufanele baxwayise abafuyi bezinyosi mayelana nokutshalwa kwezwe okuzayo, kodwa empeleni lokhu akwenzeki ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Okokuqala, abalimi bangase bangazi nokuthi kunezindawo zokugcina izinyosi eduze, bona noma abafuyi bezinyosi abakuboni kudingekile ukuvumelana. Okwesibili, abanikazi bamasimu bavame ukukhathalela kuphela inzuzo yabo, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi abazi ngomthelela wemisebenzi yabo endaweni ezungezile, noma abafuni ukucabanga ngakho. Okwesithathu, kukhona izinambuzane ezingabhubhisa sonke isilimo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ngakho abalimi abanaso isikhathi sokuxwayisa abafuyi bezinyosi mayelana nokucubungula.
Ngokusho kososayensi baseMelika, ngaphezu kwezibulala-zinambuzane, kunezizathu ezintathu ezengeziwe ezibangela ukufa kwezinyosi emhlabeni wonke: ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, izibungu zeVarroa ezisakaza amagciwane, kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-colony collapse syndrome, lapho amakoloni ezinyosi eshiya isidleke ngokuzumayo.
E-Russia, amasimu afafazwe ngezibulala-zinambuzane isikhathi eside, futhi izinyosi bezilokhu zifa ngenxa yalokhu iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa-ke, kwakungunyaka ka-2019 okwaba unyaka lapho izinambuzane eziwuhlupho zaba nkulu kangangokuthi hhayi kuphela isifunda, kodwa nabezindaba benhlangano baqala ukukhuluma ngakho. Ukufa kwezinyosi ezweni kuhlotshaniswa nokuthi umbuso waqala ukwaba imali eyengeziwe yezolimo, izindawo ezintsha zomhlaba zaqala ukuthuthukiswa, futhi umthetho wawungakakulungeli ukulawula imisebenzi yabo.
Ubani onesibopho?
Ukuze abalimi bazi ukuthi amakoloni ezinyosi ahlala eduze kwabo, abafuyi bezinyosi kudingeka babhalise ama-apiary futhi bazise abalimi kanye nohulumeni basekhaya ngabo. Awukho umthetho we-federal ongavikela abafuyi bezinyosi. Kodwa-ke, kunemithetho yokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali, ngokusho ukuthi amapulazi okuphatha anesibopho sokuxwayisa abafuyi bezinyosi mayelana nokwelashwa ngezibulala-zinambuzane izinsuku ezintathu kusengaphambili: bonisa isibulala-zinambuzane, indawo yesicelo (ngaphakathi kwe-radius ye-7 km), isikhathi. kanye nendlela yokwelapha. Ngemva kokuthola lolu lwazi, abafuyi bezinyosi kufanele bavale izidleke futhi baziyise kude okungenani amakhilomitha angu-7 ukusuka lapho ubuthi bufuthwe khona. Ungabuyisela izinyosi kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-12 kamuva. Kuwukusetshenziswa okungalawuleki kwezibulala-zinambuzane okubulala izinyosi.
Ngo-2011, igunya lokulawula ukukhiqizwa, ukugcinwa, ukuthengiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane namakhemikhali ezolimo lahoxiswa eRosselkhoznadzor. Njengoba unobhala wezindaba womnyango u-Yulia Melano etshela izintatheli, lokhu kwenziwa ngesinyathelo soMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komnotho, okufanele uthathe umthwalo wokufa kwezinyosi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwabantu bemikhiqizo enokuqukethwe okweqile kwezibulala-zinambuzane, ama-nitrate nama-nitrate. Ubuye waphawula ukuthi manje ukuqondiswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye namakhemikhali e-agrochemicals emikhiqizweni yezithelo nemifino kwenziwa kuphela yi-Rospotrebnadzor, futhi kuphela lapho izimpahla zithengiswa ezitolo. Ngakho-ke, isitatimende seqiniso kuphela esenzekayo: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inani lobuthi emkhiqizo oqediwe lidluliwe noma cha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kutholwa izimpahla ezingaphephile, iRospotrebnadzor ngokomzimba ayinaso isikhathi sokususa izimpahla ezisezingeni eliphansi ekuthengisweni. U-Rosselkhoznadzor ukholelwa ukuthi kuyadingeka ukunikeza uMnyango Wezolimo igunya lokulawula ukukhiqizwa, ukugcinwa, ukuthengiswa nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye namakhemikhali e-agrochemicals ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uguqule isimo samanje.
Manje abafuyi bezinyosi nabalimi kufanele baxoxisane ngasese, baxazulule izinkinga zabo bodwa. Nokho, ngokuvamile abazwani. Abezindaba bayaqala ukukhuluma ngalesi sihloko. Kuyadingeka ukwazisa bobabili abafuyi bezinyosi nabalimi mayelana nobudlelwano bemisebenzi yabo.
Yimiphi imiphumela?
Ukungenwa ubuthi. Ukwehla kwezinga lezinyosi kuyinto yokuqala efika engqondweni. Umkhiqizo, otholwe izinyosi ezinobuthi, uzoqukatha izibulala-zinambuzane ezifanayo "elashwa" ezinambuzaneni emasimini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani loju emashalofini lizoncishiswa, futhi izindleko zomkhiqizo zizokhula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uju akuwona umkhiqizo we-vegan, ngoba izidalwa eziphilayo zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwazo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimbiza ezibhalwe ukuthi "Honey" zisazolethwa ezitolo, njengoba kunesidingo, ukwakheka kuphela okuzobe kungabaza futhi kungaphephile empilweni yomuntu.
Ukwehla kwesivuno. Ngempela, uma ungenawo ushevu ezinambuzaneni, zizobhubhisa izitshalo. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma kungekho muntu ozofaka impova ezitshalweni, ngeke zithele izithelo. Abalimi badinga izinsizakalo zezinyosi, ngakho-ke kufanele babe nesithakazelo ekulondolozeni inani labantu babo ukuze bangapholi izimbali ngamabhulashi, njengoba benza eShayina, lapho i-chemistry nayo yayisetshenziswa ngokungalawuleki esikhathini esidlule.
Ukuphazamiseka kwe-ecosystem. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwamasimu ngama-pesticides, hhayi izinyosi kuphela ezifayo, kodwa nezinye izinambuzane, izinyoni ezincane nezincane, kanye namagundane. Ngenxa yalokho, ibhalansi yemvelo iyaphazamiseka, ngoba yonke into emvelweni ixhumene. Uma ususa isixhumanisi esisodwa kuchungechunge lwezemvelo, luzowa kancane kancane.
Uma ubuthi butholakala ojuni, kuthiwani ngezitshalo ezilashwayo ngokwazo? Mayelana nemifino, izithelo noma i-rapeseed efanayo? Izinto eziyingozi zingangena emzimbeni wethu lapho singazilindele futhi zibangele izifo ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, akusona isikhathi sokuba abafuyi bezinyosi bakhale i-alamu kuphela, kodwa futhi nabo bonke labo abakhathalela impilo yabo! Noma ufuna ama-apula anamanzi anezibulala-zinambuzane?