I-Opisthotonus iyinkontileka evamile yemisipha yangemuva yomzimba, ephoqa umzimba ukuthi ugobe ngokuqinile, ikhanda lijikijelwe emuva kanye nezitho ku-hyperextension. Lesi simo sengqondo se-pathological sitholakala ezifweni eziningana ezithinta isimiso sezinzwa. 

I-opisthotonos ingafaniswa nesimo se-arc yesiyingi esithathwe, emidwebeni yakudala, ngabantu abanodeveli. 

Imisipha yangemuva yomzimba, ikakhulukazi emhlane nasentanyeni, inqanyuliwe kangangokuthi umzimba u-hyperextends ngokwawo, uphumule phezu kongqimba lwawo kuphela ngezithende nekhanda. Izingalo nemilenze nakho kunwetshiwe futhi kuqinile. Lesi simo sengqondo se-pathological, esibuhlungu asilawulwa yisiguli.

I-Opisthotonos itholakala kuma-pathologies amaningana athinta isimiso sezinzwa, ikakhulukazi:

• i-tetanus: ngemva kokulimala, izinhlamvu zebhaktheriya I-Clostridium tetani ngena emzimbeni futhi ukhulule i-neurotoxin, okuthi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ibangele i-tetany eqhubekayo yemisipha yomzimba. Ngokushesha, isiguli sikhala ngokuthi sinenkinga yokukhuluma, imihlathi ivaliwe. Khona-ke intamo yakhe iyaqina, bese kugoqa umzimba wonke. Uma isifo singanakekelwa ngesikhathi, umuntu akakwazi ukuphefumula futhi afe. Ngenhlanhla, ngenxa yokugoma okuyimpoqo kwezinsana ngokumelene ne-tetanus, okwethulwa ngo-1952, lesi sifo sicishe sanyamalala eFrance. Kodwa kusathinta abantu abambalwa unyaka ngamunye abangagonyiwe noma abangekho sesimweni sezikhumbuzo zabo;
• izinkinga ze-psychogenic abangewona isithuthwane (CPNE) : zingakwenza ucabange ngesifo sokuwa, kodwa azihlobene nokungajwayelekile okufanayo kobuchopho. Izimbangela zabo ziyinkimbinkimbi, nezingxenye ze-neurobiological (i-predisposition yobuchopho ukusabela ngale ndlela) kodwa futhi psychopathological. Ezimweni eziningi, kunomlando wokuhlukunyezwa kwekhanda noma ukucindezeleka ngemuva kokucindezeleka;
• isithuthwane esodwa, okubangelwa ukulimala ekhanda noma isidakamizwa se-neuroleptic, ingabonakalisa kanjalo;
• amarabi, ezimweni ezingavamile;
• i-hypocalcemia eyingozi futhi eqinile : izinga eliphansi kakhulu le-calcium egazini ngokungavamile livame ukuhlotshaniswa nenkinga ngezindlala ze-parathyroid, ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokulawula ukutholakala kwale mineral emzimbeni;
• ubuhlungu bobuchopho : ukuvuvukala okubangelwa i-meningitis ethile, ukubhujiswa kwezicubu zobuchopho nge-encephalopathy, noma ngisho nokubandakanyeka kwe-pathological yamathoni ebhokisini le-cranial, kungabangela i-opisthotonos.

Icala elikhethekile le-opisthotonos ezinganeni

Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, ababelethisi bahlola njalo ithoni yemisipha yosana. Ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene, bangabona ukufinyela okweqile kwemisipha engemuva komzimba. Uma bengakubiki okudidayo, konke kuhamba kahle.

Uma umama engagonyelwanga i-tetanus, futhi i-opisthotonus ivela ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa, ehambisana nokungakwazi ukuncelisa kanye nokumomotheka kwesici sobuso, kufanele kusolwe i-tetanus yengane. Isimo maningi amathuba okuthi sitholakale emazweni lapho kungekho khona ukugonyelwa lesi sifo, nalapho izimo zokubeletha zingenalo inyumba.

Kamuva, ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi ingane ithatha isikhundla se-opisthotonos ukuveza intukuthelo engenakuvinjelwa: iphakamisa futhi igobe emuva ngendlela ehlaba umxhwele, ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo okukhulu. Uma kungokwesikhashana futhi uma izitho zaso zihlala zihamba, akuyona i-pathological. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungakhuluma nodokotela wezingane ngakho: lesi simo sengqondo singabuye siveze ubuhlungu obunamandla, obuhlobene isibonelo ne-reflux ebalulekile ye-gastroesophageal kanye ne-asidi.

Uma ukuhlasela kwe-tetanus kuqhubeka noma kuphindaphindwa, nomzimba uqine kangangokuthi ungase ucishe ubanjwe ikhanda nezinyawo kuphela, nezitho ezinwetshiwe kakhulu, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha, esihlobene nobuhlungu emzimbeni. ubuchopho. Singabhekana nalokhu:

• i-meningitis yengane ;
• i-shaken baby syndrome ;
• i-hypocalcemia yengane ;
• isifo se-maple syrup : lesi sifo sofuzo esingavamile (izigameko ezingaphansi kweziyi-10 ngokuzalwa kwesigidi esisodwa) sinesimo esibi uma singanakekelwa ngesikhathi. Ibonakala ngephunga lesiraphu ye-maple ku-earwax bese kuba umchamo, ubunzima bokudla, ukukhathala kanye nama-spasms. Uma ingelashwa, ilandelwa yi-encephalopathy eqhubekayo kanye nokwehluleka ukuphefumula okuphakathi. Ukwelashwa ngesikhathi, kuyasebenza kodwa kudinga ukudla okuqinile impilo yonke;
• ezinye izinhlobo zesifo sikaGaucher : uhlobo 2 lwalesi sifo esingavamile sofuzo sizibonakalisa ezinyangeni zokuqala zosana, ekuqaleni ngokukhubazeka kwe-oculomotor okuvundlile noma i-bilateral fixed strabismus. Ngokushesha kakhulu iguqukela ku-encephalopathy eqhubekayo, enokuphazamiseka kokuphefumula okukhulu nokugwinya, nokuhlasela kwe-opisthotonos. Le pathology ine-prognosis embi kakhulu.

I-opisthotonus, noma ngabe iyini, kufanele iholele ekubonisaneni. Njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla, kungadalula i-pathology engathi sína, futhi engase ibulale, yesimiso sezinzwa.

Le spasm ejwayelekile, ngoba ibangela isiguli ukuba siwe ngokuzumayo, ingabangela nokulimala ngokomzimba: angakwazi ukuzilimaza ngokuzenzakalelayo phansi noma ngokumelene nefenisha ngenkathi ewa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufinyela kwemisipha yangemuva ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela ukucindezelwa komgogodla.

Ukwelashwa kwenkinga ye-tetanus kuhlanganisa ama-sedative anamandla, ngisho nama-curariants (izidakamizwa ezinezici ezikhubazayo ze-curare), ukulwa nenkontileka. 

Uma kungenzeka, isifo okukhulunywa ngaso siyelashwa. Ezinye izimpawu zakhe nazo ziyanakekelwa. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka i-tetanus, ama-sedative ahlanganiswa nokuphefumula okwenziwa ngemva kwe-tracheotomy ukulwa ne-asphyxia, kuyilapho ama-antibiotics eqala ukusebenza.